A MAIN CHARACTER’S DESIRE IN KATE CHOPIN’S THE AWAKENING.

A MAIN CHARACTER’S DESIRE IN KATE CHOPIN’S THE AWAKENING

A THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Sarjana Degree of English Department Faculty of Letters and Humanities State Islamic

University of Sunan Ampel

By:

Chilmiatul Ilmiah Reg. Number: A73212095

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2016

ABSTRACT

Ilmiah, Chilmiatul. 2016. A Main Character’s Desire In Kate Chopin’s The

Awakening. Thesis. English Department, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, The State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

The Advisor : Abu Fanani, M.Pd.

Key Words : Character, Desire

This thesis tries to analyze Kate Chopin’s novel entitled The Awakening. This novel tells about Edna’s desire. Edna is a wife and a

mother for her family. Edna little bit understand about Creole’s culture in

her new environment. Creole is warm cultureand easy going.Edna fall in

love to another man and Edna feel anxious to face that statement. Edna though how the way becomes a free woman. This research focuses on analyzing Edna’s desire to reach her identity. Then, by focusing to the problem above this thesis uses psychoanalysis approach. She decision to commits suicide. Whereas, the new criticism theory is involved in this

ABSTRAKSI

Ilmiah, Chilmiatul. 2016. Karakter utama mengenai keinginannya pada The Awakening oleh Kate Chopin. Skripsi. Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya.

Dosen Pembimbing: Abu Fanani, M. Pd

Kata Kunci : Karakter, Keinginan

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa karya Kate Chopin yang berjudul The Awakening. Novel ini mengisahkan tentang keinginan seorang Edna. Edna adalah seorang istri dan seorang seorang ibu dalam keluarganya. Edna sedikit memahami tentang budaya Creole yang ada di lingkungan barunya. Creole ialah budaya panas dan mudah. Edna jatuh cinta pada lelaki lain dan Edna merasa cemas untuk menghadapi masalah itu. Edna berpikir untuk menjadi wanita yang terbebas. Penelitian ini fokus pada Edna dalam keinginannya untuk mencari identitas. Kemudian, dengan fokus pada masalah di atas skripsi ini menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalisis. Dia memutuskan untuk melakukan bunuh diri. Sedangkan, pada teori new criticism

CHAPTER I

1.1. Background of Study

Literary work is an object which is used to express, to inspire, and to entertain some human’s thoughts. There is definition from literature experts, Wellek and Warren said that literature is a creative activity, usually on the art (1). The word ‘literature’ and ‘literary’ have also changed their meaning over time. Before about 1800 literature meant all kinds of writing, including history and philosophy, and it is possible to trace the gradual shifts in meaning all the way up to present. In addition literature is what a given society at a given time considers it to be (Carter 17). Most literature is fiction but most people would also agree that not all fiction (eg comic books, nursery rhymes etc) is literary. On the other hand travel journals (presumably non-fiction) are considered by many to be literature (Carter 17).

Fiction is any literary narrative whether in prose or verse, which is

invented instead of being an account of events that in fact happened. . _{In a}

narrower sense, however, fiction denotes only narratives that are written in prose (the novel and short story), and sometimes is used simply as a synonym for the novel (Abrams 94).

According to Kennedy and Gioia report that two works have dominated modern literary fiction in English: the novel and short story (4). The term "novel" is now applied to a great variety of writings that have in common only the

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narrative, the novel is distinguished from the short story and from the work of middle length called the novelette; its magnitude permits a greater variety of characters, greater complication of plot (or plots), ampler development of milieu, and more sustained exploration of character and motives than do the shorter, more concentrated modes (Abrams 190).

Little said that a novel constructs a theme, a novel carves out a plot, novels are much concerned with characters; the people involved in the novel, a novel will show realism of “backgroundand atmosphere”, a good novel will also be an imaginative work of art (101-102). Then, the novel consists of a theme, plot, characters and other elements that make the story looks real, it is called best novel. Novel has some significance. Some of the important points are the

characters and characterization. Based on Abrams,Characters are the persons

represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the persons say and their distinctive ways of saying it ‘the dialogue’ and from what they do ‘the action’ (32-33).

Meanwhile, characterization is the creations of character of imaginary persons so that they exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction (Holman 75). So, between character and characterization, there is a close-relation. Characterization is the way a writer describes character. And character is a person in the story. Character is one significant to analyze in literary work such as a novel.

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The interesting novel in for about twenty century is The Awakening that is written by Kate Chopin. Kate Chopin is an author from American country. She wrote her literary work in 19th century. According to Metzger said that the late nineteenth century saw the emergence of New Women writers who spoke for what was then labeled the New Woman. The readers of their books were women who were demanding access to higher education, career opportunities, and political and social freedom. Women wanted access to the literary and art worlds, which had been previously dominated by men. Instead of being the objects of art and literature, women wanted to be the creators, and they wanted their creations to depict their concerns. Widowed and unmarried women began living on their own not with their families. These women were interested in a life that did not center on husbands and children. Although Chopin had been happily married prior to being widowed, and even though she was happily a mother, she saw herself as one of these New Women. She was interested in more basic choices, such as whether a woman must marry, whether she could choose not to be a mother, or whether she could choose to support herself (7).

Kate Chopin has written some literary works, such as: short story, novel, and essays. Her most popular novel at that time is The Awakening. It was

published after At Fault, in 1899. Her other literary works are: A Night in Acadia in 1899 and Bayou Folk in 1894. This novel embodies many of the themes that are

interesting to the New Women, such as; women’s creativity, marriage,

motherhood, and a woman’s place in society. There is a similar response from critics who had largely ignored the potential controversy of her work (Metzger 7).

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The Awakening novel has described about “Creole”. The Creole culture in New

Orleans offers a set of traditions, costumes, and morals that are unique to the place and time. In the novel, the Creole society is warm and easygoing, but women’s roles are rigidly defined within the New Orleans social construct (Metzger: 8). Edna as a main character a little bit understands the way of New Orleans society for herself and her family.

This novel tells of a woman who is isolated in her marriage. The story happens in two places, the New Orleans and Grand Isle. But it begins in the seaside town of Grand Isle. A family Pontellier on vacation there, they consist of Edna, Leonce and their two children named Raoul and Etienne. One day, Leonce have to leave his family to business for a few weeks. Edna is left to spend her days with another vacationer, Madame Ratignolle who offer Edna friendship. The two women spend many of their days together, with Robert too. Then, Edna falls in love with Robert because often spend their time together when her husband has

a business. Edna’s behavior has changed. She began to feel wavering herself with

the situation. Although Edna has stayed with her family in New Orleans, her mind is still in Grand Isle.

In addition, she wants to express her desire with doing something wrong in her life. Although she has a husband and two children, she was unconscious that case is a strange way in the women role and she has a little bit understands to resolve her problem after everything happen in the past time of her life. After her vacation in Grand Isle.

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From the previous description, the researcher is interested in analyzing the main character’s desire because Edna as main character was confused to face the new environment which makes her behavior changing to her family.

The main character in The Awakening was getting a problem to assert her desire in the right way or in the wrong way. She was confused in her life to be

good mother and good wife. According to Edna’s problem, the researcher has

been interested in analyzing the story using psychology approach related to her desire which influence to her family.

1.2. Statement of Problem

Based on the previous description, the researcher found out the problem those are formulated in this research:

1.2.1 How is Edna characterized in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening?

1.2.2 What are Edna’s desire on her life and her family in Kate Chopin’s The

Awakening?

1.3. Objective of Study

From the following questions state, this study to aims at:

1.3.1 To understand Edna characterized in Kate Chopin’s

The Awakening.

1.3.2 To explain Edna’s desire on her life and her family in Kate Chopin’s The

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1.4. Scope and Limitation

The scope and limitation of this research, especially in analysis The

Awakening’s novel, the researcher focuses on the main character and it enriches to be interesting to find out the happening in the story. It is based on the

characterization of Edna in the novel. The researcher describes the influence of Edna’s desire and to know her problem.

1.5. Significance of the Study

The significances of study in this research are divided into two parts; theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the researcher hopes that it enriches the reader development of knowledge in the literary theory that is related to character. By reading the thesis, the writer expects that readers understand more about the ‘characterization of main character desire in Kate Chopin’s The

Awakening’. The character of Edna as a main character was bewildered for her

fell around her family. She was fall in love to another boy when she to leave her husband business in Grand Isle, a vacation place Edna’s family in the past time. Her unconscious into new place and new environment was made not good enough for herself and her family.

Then practically, this study hopefully can give useful contribution for the readers in understanding the content of desire. Also, the researcher hopes that this research can be useful reference for other researchers who are interested in

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1.6. Research Method

In order to analyze the topic, the researcher uses a method. The researcher elects the descriptive analytic method and the way that the researcher used by library based. The writer uses some books including the novel itself as the primary sources and reads information of some internet sources and other sources such as magazine and journal that aid this study to increase the knowledge. In presenting the analysis, it mainly use descriptive analysis method. The researcher following steps:

1. Reading the novel to catch the complete and well understanding on the

whole story

2. Finding the data in novel to find out the word which is related to the

problem of the study

3. Selecting and accumulating the data in form of narration from the novel

that related to the problem

4. Analyzing to the data collected by firstly categorizing them in two points,

dealing with two points of the statement problems. Then, each point is analyzed using the theory, which refers to the object of the study.

5. Making conclusion based on the result of data analysis

1.7. Organization of Study

This study will be divided into four chapters. The first chapter is introduction, which is divided into five points, there are: background of study,

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statement of problem, objective of the study, scope and limitation, significant of study and method of study.

In the second chapter is theoretical framework description theory that is used in this research. This chapter also describes about previous research from thesis, journal or book review.

The third chapter is an analysis from the research. This study discusses about problem that is wanted to the research based on the researcher. It must show which part can answer research problem and conclude the result of this research. The fourth is conclusion, the explanation about all the point of the thesis to conclude all the chapters.

1.8. Definition of Key Term

There are several definition of key term of a few books that related to this study:

Character : A person represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who

is interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the person say and she/he distinctive ways of saying it ‘the dialogue’ and from what she/hedo ‘the action’ (Abrams 32-33)

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Characterization : The author’s creation of imaginary persons which

exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction (Holman 75)

Desire : A statement that can move us to action, give us urges,

incline us to joy at their satisfaction, and incline us to sorrow at their frustration (Schroeder 1)

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Theoretical Framework

In this chapter, the research needs to be supported by relevant theories. The emphasizing thoeries of this research are new criticism to understand the character and characterization. The second theory, psychological approach and the concept of desire. These theories are used for analyzing Edna as a main character. For those aim, this chapter will discuss all those theories:

2.1.1 New Criticism theory

In a literary criticism, a theory is the specific manner, approach, or view point a critic or reader has stalked out from which the reader of literary work enterpretes, analyzes and evaluated work of literature, and often the work (Gillespie 3). It means, theory and literary criticism are correlate. Literary criticism is an object of theory manner.

According to Kennedy and Gioia, literary criticism that tries to formulate general principles rather than discuss specific texts (1480). In other hand, literary criticism is the discipline of interpreting, analyzing and evaluating work of literature. Literature is most commonly defined as works of writing that have lasted over the years because they deal with ideas of timeless and universal interest with exceptional artistry and power. This can include poems, novels,

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literary criticism is a study of interpreting, analyzing and evaluating to formulate general principle of literary work.

The history of New Criticism theory. It is one of the features in literary criticism. American New Criticism, which was active from the late 1930s to the late 1950s, also took on most of the ideas of literary experts (Eliot and Richards), as well as those Empson. The movement had its roots in the American South, which had long been backward economically, but was then undergoing rapid modernisation (Carter 26).

Formalism, sometimes called New Criticism (even though it has been around a long time), involves the careful analysis of a literary text’s craft.

Ignoring any historical context, any biographical information about an author, any philosophical issues, or even any of a text’s political or moral message (Gillespie 172). In short, new criticism and formalism is same object but it has different time appear.

The New Critics asserted that everything off the page is irrelevant, dismissing psychology, philosophy, history, biography, and many other avenues of possible literary discussion inquiry (Gillespie 173). New criticism concentrated on paradoxes, and ambivalence which could be established in the text. It clearly focused predominantly on poetry one writer, Mark Schorer, extented its main precepts to include analysis ofprose fiction (Carter 27-28). In this point said that new critics in the large part focused on poetry.

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In addition, New Criticism theory or formalism theory is a study which discipline of interpreting, analyzing and evaluating or focus on critical notice and it has clarify everything off the page in literary work.

2.1.2 Character

Character is an important element to build the story in literary work. To know the way of the story, the reader usually focuss into main character. According to Bennet and Royle, character is the life of literature. It has relationship with human intensely. It is because they are as object of human curiosity and fascination, affection, and dislike, admiration and condemnation. Moreover through the power of identification, through sympathy and antipathy, character can become part of how people conceive their selves, a part of who they are. Then, it can say that character are like ‘real’ people (60).

Another description from Nurgiyantoro, characters are divided into some types. Based on its significance role in developing a story, characters are

separated into major and minor characters. Major or main character refers to a character which appears in almost all or totally in the whole story. He or she is a character which is mostly told and always relates to other characters. Meanwhile, minor character is a character which appears only in some parts of the whole story and he or she is told less than the major character. Minor characters may exist just when they are having correlation with the major characters (176-177).

From the previous description, characters in literary work especially novel there are some main characters. It consist into two features of main characters are

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protagonist and antagonist. Another explanation said that Protagonist is the central person in a in a story, and is often referred to as the story's main character. He or she (or they) is faced with a conflict that must be resolved. The protagonist may not always be admirable (e.g. an anti-hero); nevertheless s/he must command involvement on the part of the reader, or better yet, empathy. Whereas, the antagonist is the character(s) (or situation) that represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend. In other words, the antagonist is an obstacle that the protagonist must overcome. (http://learn.lexiconic.net/characters.htm)

Then, character is a doer in the literary work (novel, short story, novelette, and also drama). A character in fiction is created by the author, although it could be described as a human being in the real world. In the literary work, it should be lifelikeness (Sayuti 68)

2.1.3 Characterization

According to expert of literature, Holman said that in a fiction (the drama, the novel, the short story, and the narrative poem), the author reveals the

characters of imaginary persons. The creation of these imaginary persons so that they exist for the reader as real within the limits of the fiction is called

characterization. The ability to characterize the people of one’s imagination

successfully is a primary attribute of a good novelist, dramatist, or short story writer (75).

There are two ways that an author usually uses. Those are direct and indirect characterization. Using direct manner means that the author describes

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directly about the character. Whereas, indirect manner of characterization the author does not merely tell the characters but shows them to the readers through how the character looks, what the character does, what the character says, what the character think, and how the character affects other characters (Baldick 37) From the previous description, characterization as the significant point in the literary work to built the way of the story and to make the reader more understand how the story interest to read. There are two features of

characterization are direct and indirect.

2.1.4 Psychoanalysis theory

Psychoanalysis theory has related to Psychology of human. Psychology is the endlessly fascinating science of human mind and behavior, and it can be a rewarding tool for enhancing our understanding and appreciation of literature and of ourselves (Gillespie 43).

In Jungian Psychology is what he called ‘individuation’, a process by

which the individual is helped to harmonise his orher ‘persona’ (the self as

presented to the world) and ‘the shadow’ (the darker potentially dangerous side of the personality that exists in the personal unconscious) (Carter 80).

Psychoanalysis is one of branches from psychology study.

In the Sigmund Freud’s book The Corner Stones of Psychoanalytic Theory, Psychoanalysis assumption that there are unconscious mental processes, the recognition of the theory of resistance and repression, the appreciation of the

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importance of sexuality and the Oedipus complex these constitute the principal subject-matter of psychoanalysis and the foundations of its theory (qtd.Carter 70). According to Freudian slips, psychoanalysis is through close study of mentally disturbed patient and their symptoms he discovered that knowledge of the unconcious was accessible through analysis of dreams, symptomatic nervous behaviour and parapraxes. In other hand, the conscious mind cannot cope with some of the unsavoury truths buried in the unconscious and, when they threaten to surface, represses them attempting in practice to deny their reality. Freud called neourosis, involving compulsive behaviour and obsessive modes of thinking (Carter 71).

Furthermore, Psyhoanalysis is a theory that people should be illustrated by making conscious their unconscious thought and motivations, then obtaining knowledge. It used to treat depression and anxiety disorder.

2.1.5 The Concept of Desire

Desiring has a two-part structure. For every desire, there is the content of

that desire and the attitude of desiring it. Based on Schroeder, Desires are generally distinguished into three varieties: intrinsic, realizer, and instrumental desires (2). There are:

(1) If one desires something as a means to some other end, then one desires it instrumentally.

(2) If one desires something because one sees that it realizes some other desire one has, then one desires it as a realizer.

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(3) If one desires something not merely as a means or as a realization of another end, but at least in part for its own sake, then one desires it intrinsically.

Between desire and behavior is what makes desires what they are. In Language,Thought, and Other Biological Categories, Ruth Millikan draws upon evolutionary biology rather than behaviorism for support. On her view, and simplifying slightly, to desire that P is to have a brain state that other brain states are supposed to respond to by causing the organism to bring it about that P (99). Desires are powerful explainers of everything we associate with desiring. The advantage is desires are, in principle, independent of motivation, independent

of good and bad feelings, independent of where one’s attention turns or what

habits one develops. Desires are independent of all these things in principle, but causally connected to them in fact, and so can explain all of these

things(Schroeder 7). Hence, Desire is a particular state of mind.

There is a corresponding disadvantage to the approach, a desire that does not have any of the effects that we most commonly associate with desiring. That is, there could be a desire that does not motivate action, does not cause feelings of joy or sorrow, and so on. Because these are all effects of desires, if the reward-based learning theory of desire were correct, a desire could in principle exist without having any of these effects(Schroeder 7).

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2.2 Previous Studies

As far as the researcher concerns, the researcher founded some researchers that have connection with the topic. The researcher finds out three researchers that has correlation with the topic.

Firstly, Miftahur Rofiah (2012). A student in the State University of

Malang and the thesis’s title is Comparing the Women in Madame Bovary and

The Awakening. In her thesis, she described about female characters between two novel in nineteenth century France and America.

Secondly, Ulfatul Khadroh (2014). A student in the State Islamic

University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and the thesis’s title is Women in Conflicts

as Potrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Kate Chopin’s The

Awakening. In her thesis, she explained about main character’s conflicts based on

the Freudian Psychoanalysis or Sigmund Freud and the resolution to face conflict. After the previous explanations, the researcher knows that between the previous studies and writer’s analysis has similarities both of them about main character in the psychological theory. Whereas, both of them also have some differences about the object, theorist, and the characterization of the main character in their novel each other of the researchers.

CHAPTERIII

ANALYSIS

In this chapter, the researcher divides the discussion into two parts. The first part, the researcher will analyze Edna through her characterization. The second

part, the analysis will be about what the effects in Edna’s desire and how the way

to reach her identity.

3.1. Edna’s Character and Characterization

In this novel the narrator tells the story that began in Grand Isle, a vacation place of Pontellier family. It consists of Leonce Pontellier, Edna Pontellier and their two children (Raoul and Etienne Pontellier). They stay in the Madame Lebrun’s cottage. Edna is Leonce’s wife. In the morning, Leonce leaves her wife for a business in the city for weeks. Then, Edna spends her days with another vacationer who offers her friendship, Madame Ratignolle. They were spending their days together with Madame Lebrun’s son, Robert Lebrun. He is a young man. One day, they were playing together in the beach but Edna did not want to join them.

She is anxious women. At the first time she did not want to play in the beach. Until she makes a reason to her friend that she was tired. Suddenly, she changes her opinion and joins to play together. It can be seen from the quotation below:

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“Are you going bathing?” asked Robert of Mrs. Pontellier. It was not so much a question as a reminder.

“Oh, no,” she answered, with a tone of indecision.

“I’mtired; I think not.” Her glance wandered from his face away toward the Gulf, whose sonorous murmur reached her like a loving but imperative entreaty.

“Oh, come!” he insisted. “You mustn’t miss your bath. Come on. The

water must be delicious; it will not hurt you. Come.”He reached up for her

big, rough straw hat that hung on a peg outside the door, and put it on her head.

They descended the steps, and walked away together toward the beach. The sun was low in the west and the breeze was soft and warm. (Ch. 5)

She feels confuse for her own individuality, after it happen and she begun feel uncomfortable with Robert’s attention. This condition is strange to

understand and make unpredictable thought for her-self. It can be seen from the quotation below:

At that early period it served but to bewilder her. It moved her to dreams, to thoughtfulness, to the shadowy anguish which had overcome her the midnight when she had abandoned herself to tears.

In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her.

This may seem like a ponderous weight of wisdom to descend upon the soul of a young woman of twenty eight perhaps more wisdom than the Holy Ghost is usually pleased to vouchsafe to any woman. (Ch. 6)

She is unconfident woman. Her subtle and appearance was change, and the most obvious to influence by her new friend, Adele Ratignolle. It is according to the quotation in below:

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Mrs. Pontellier was not a woman given to confidences, a characteristic hitherto contrary to her nature.

Even as a child she had lived her own small life all within herself. (Ch. 7)

Another description the author illustrates that Creole is a person descended from the original French settlers of Lousiana, especially of the New Orleans area of Creole is an statement or Edna’s argument, it can be seen from the quotation below:

Mrs. Pontellier, though she had married a Creole, was not thoroughly at home in the society of Creoles; never before

had she been thrown so intimately among them. Therewere only Creoles

that summer at Lebrun’s. They all knew

each other, and felt like one large family, among whom existed the most amicable relations. A characteristic which distinguished them and which impressed Mrs. Pontellier most forcibly was their entire absence of prudery. Their freedom of expression was at first incomprehensible to her, though she had no difficulty in reconciling it with a lofty chastity which in the Creole woman seems to be inborn and unmistakable. (Ch. 4)

Her confident appear, Edna is younger than before coming to Grand Isle although she has two children. She was influenced by her friend and her

environment. The culture is Creole, it has been described in the Chapter 1 that Creole’s culture is a warm culture. the Creole society is warm and easygoing, but women’s roles are rigidly defined within the New Orleans social construct. In the Creole tradition, married women can engage in frank sexual discussions, but

every woman’s actions are as rigidly controlled as they are in any other area of the

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That summer at Grand Isle she began to loosen a little the mantle of reserve that had always enveloped her. There may have been there must have been influences, both subtle and apparent, working in their several ways to induce her to do this; but the most obvious was the influence of Adèle Ratignolle.

The excessive physical charm of the Creole had first attracted her, for Edna had a sensuous susceptibility to beauty.

Then the candor of the woman’s whole existence, which every one might read, and which formed so striking a contrast to her own habitual reserve this might have furnished a link.

Who can tell what metals the gods use in forging the subtle bond which we call sympathy, which we might as well call love. (Ch. 7)

From the quotation above, Edna did not understand all about Creole, but she feel so confident and more confident to use that statement. She is a new person who has a vacation and stay in Grand Isle. Her behaviour as young women is more beautifull and attractive. She is forgetting her family for a moment.

“Are you asleep?” he asked, bending down close to look at her.

“No.” Her eyes gleamed bright and intense, with no sleepy shadows, as they looked into his.

“Do you know it is past one o’clock? Come on,” and he mounted the steps and went into their room.

“Edna!” called Mr. Pontellier from within, after a few moments had gone by.

“Don’t wait for me,” she answered. He thrust his head through the door. “You will take cold out there,” he said, irritably.

“What folly is this? Why don’t you come in?” “It isn’t cold; I have my shawl.”

“The mosquitoes will devour you.” “There are no mosquitoes.”

She heard him moving about the room; every sound indi-cating impatience and irritation. Another time she would

have gone in at his request. She would, through habit, have yielded to his desire; not with any sense of submission or obedience to his compelling wishes, but unthinkingly, as we walk, move, sit, stand, go through the daily treadmill of the life which has been portioned out to us.

“Edna, dear, are you not coming in soon?” he asked again,

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From the quotation above, Edna is stubborn wife. Leonce as her husband was very attentive to his wife’s health, althought he felt tired after going home from his bussines. She was sleep outside of cottage and to ask her husband for sleep in the room. Edna ignore his suggestion despite his husband not give permit her to do it.

Edna looked straight before her with a self-absorbed expression upon her face. She felt no interest in anything about her. The street, the children, the fruit vender, the flowers growing there under her eyes, were all part and parcel of an alien world which had suddenly become antagonistic. (Ch. 18)

According to the quotation above, she begun to feel bored for her

condition. She likes wondering, anything around her become antagonistic thing in her imagination.

Edna felt depressed rather than soothed after leaving them. The little glimpse of domestic harmony which had been offered her, gave her no regret, no longing. It was not a con- dition of life which fitted her, and she could see in it but an appalling and hopeless ennui. (Ch. 18)

From the quotation above, the author describes that Edna feels depressed. Because everything has been over when Robert leaves to business in Mexico without permision to her. In their environment the social status is the higher of

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value that a person called success. It is the reason for Robert to earn money in another country.

Edna could not help but think that it was very foolish, very childish, to have stamped upon her wedding ring and smashed the crystal vase upon the tiles. She was visited by no more outbursts, moving her to such futile expedients. She began to do as she liked and to feel as she liked. She completely abandoned her Tuesdays at home, and did not return the visits of those who had called upon her. She made no ineffectual efforts to conduct her household en bonne ménagère , going and coming as it suited her fancy, and, so far as she was able, lending herself to any passing caprice. (Ch. 19)

Based on the quotation above, Edna become angry because she did not meet Robert before his going to Mexico. She looks foolish and childish to face her problem. Upon at that time,she want to be a free woman in her though.

“I feel like painting,“ answered Edna. “Perhaps I shan’t always feel like it.”

“Then in God’s name paint! but don’t let the family go to the devil. There’s Madame Ratignolle; because she keeps up her music, she doesn’t let everything else go to chaos. And she’s more of a musician than you are a painter.”

“She isn’t a musician, and I’m not a painter. It isn’t on account of painting that I let things go.”

“On account of what, then?”

“Oh! I don’t know. Let me alone; you bother me.”

It sometimes entered Mr. Pontellier’s mind to wonder if his

wife were not growing a little unbalanced mentally. He could see plainly that she was not herself. That is, he could not see that she was becoming herself and daily casting aside that fictitious self which we assume like a garment with which to appear before the world. (Ch. 19)

Ilmiah 24

Based on the quotation above, she try to entertaint herself with painting. She painting without anybody else beside her.

There were days when she was very happy without know- ing why. She was happy to be alive and breathing, when her whole being seemed to be one with the sunlight, the color, the odors, the luxuriant warmth of some perfect Southern day. She liked then to wander alone into strange and unfamiliar places. She discovered many a sunny, sleepy corner, fashioned to dream in. And she found it good to dream and to be alone and unmolested.

There were days when she was unhappy, she did not know

why,—when it did not seem worth while to be glad or

sorry, to be alive or dead; when life appeared to her like a grotesque pandemonium and humanity like worms strug- gling blindly toward inevitable annihilation. She could not work on such a day, nor weave fancies to stir her pulses and warm her blood. (Ch. 19)

From the quotation above, the narrator tells Edna is unstable. Her mind does not manage her though becoming good enough. She feels easy to change to be happy and unhappy to accept anything condition in her life.

“Ah, Pontellier! Not sick, I hope. Come and have a seat. What news do you bring this morning?” He was quite portly, with a profusion of gray hair, and small blue eyes which age had robbed of much of their brightness but none of their penetration.

“Oh! I’m never sick, Doctor. You know that I come of

tough fiber—of that old Creole race of Pontelliers that

dry up and finally blow away. I came to consult—no, not

precisely to consult—to talk to you about Edna.

I don’tknow what ails her.” (Ch. 22)

Ilmiah 25

Before leaving Madame Ratignolle said:

“In some way you seem to me like a child, Edna. You seem to act without a certain amount of reflection

which is necessary in this life. That is the reason I want to say you

mustn’t mind if I advise you to be a little careful while you are living here alone. Why don’t you have some one come and stay with you? Wouldn’t Mademoiselle Reisz come?” “No; she wouldn’t wish tocome, and I shouldn’t want her always with me.”

“Well, the reason—you know how evil-minded the world

is—some one was talking of Alcée Arobin visiting you. Of

course, it wouldn’t matter if Mr. Arobin had not such a dreadful reputation. Monsieur Ratignolle was telling me that his attentions alone are considered enough to ruin a womans name.” (Ch. 33)

From the quotation above, Leonce goes to the house of his old friend and family physician, Doctor Mandelet. He wants to consultation about his

wife. He looked at Edna’s strangeness and he assumed there is a trouble to

her wife. In that time, she has a little change her behavior to him and his family especially to their children. She does not care enough to her children and seldom ignore her husband to request to ask something.

She had not much of anything to say to her father, for that matter; but he did not antagonize her. She discovered that he interested her, though she realized that he might not interest her long; and for the first time in her life she felt as if she were thoroughly acquainted with him. He kept her busy serving him and ministering to his wants. It amused her to do so. She would not permit a servant or one of the children to do anything for him which she might do herself. Her husband noticed, and thought it was the expression of a deep filial attachment which he had never suspected. (Ch. 23)

Ilmiah 26

From the quotation above, Edna is silent. She seldom expressed her felling to another. In this part Edna is always obedient to her father but she discover what her fell or what she want to do anything else and never to says him.

Edna was not so consciously gratified at her husband’s leaving home as she had been over the departure of her father. As the day approached when he was to leave her for a comparatively long stay, she grew melting and affection- ate, remembering his many acts of consideration and his repeated expressions of an ardent attachment. She was solicitous about his health and his welfare. She bustled around, looking after his clothing, thinking about heavy underwear, quite as Madame Ratignolle would have done under similar circumstances. She cried when he went away, calling him her dear, good friend, and she was quite certain she would grow lonely before very long and go to join him in New York. (Ch. 24)

She feels alonely. Edna still did not understand about her condition and she is gloomy to spend her time beside she leaved by her husband for a business in long time. Also to leave her friend

She did not want them to be wholly “children of the pavement,” she always said when begging to have them for a space. She wished them to know the country, with its streams, its fields, its woods, its freedom, so delicious to the young. She wished them to taste something of the life their father had lived and known and loved when he, too, was a little child. (Ch. 24)

According to the quotation, she wants to be a free woman and a young woman. She thought that a young woman is a progress nothing the obstacle ,

Ilmiah 27

arragement, and so on for doing something. When she want to do something not to disturb her children.

She thought a little sentimentally about Léonce and the children, and wondered what they were doing. As she gave a dainty scrap or two to the doggie, she talked intimately to him about Etienne and Raoul. He was beside himself with astonishment and delight over these companionable advances, and showed his appreciation by his little quick, snappy barks and a lively agitation. (Ch. 24)

From the quotation above, Edna was sad. She feels homesick to her children when she thought her changing behaviour to them.

“Will you go to the races again?” he asked.

“No,” she said. “I’ve had enough of the races. I don’t want to lose all the money I’ve won, and I’ve got to work when

the weather is bright, instead of—”

“Yes; work; to be sure. You promised to show me your work.

What morning may I come up to your atelier? To-morrow?”

“No!” “Day after?” “No, no.”

“Oh, please don’t refuse me! I know something of such

things. I might help you with a stray suggestion or two.”

“No. Good night. Why don’t you go after you have said good night? I don’t like you,” she went on in a high, excited pitch, attempting to draw away her hand. (Ch. 25)

From the quotation above, Edna is ignorant. She does not care something that depend on her heart but depend on her mind.

I cannot judge of that myself, but I feel that

Ilmiah 28

I have sold a good many through Laidpore. I can live in the tiny house for little or nothing, with one servant. Old Celestine, who works occasionally for me, says she will come stay with me and do my work. I know I shall like it, like the feeling of freedom and independence.”

“What does your husband say?”

“I have not told him yet. I only thought of it this morning. He will think I am demented, no doubt. Perhaps you think so.”

Mademoiselle shook her head slowly. “Your reason is not yet clear to me,” she said.

Neither was it quite clear to Edna herself; but it unfolded itself as she sat for a while in silence. Instinct had prompted her to put away her husband’s bounty in casting off her allegiance. She did not know how it would be when he returned. (Ch. 26)

From the quotation above, she speaks to her friend about her feeling inside her heart that she wants to be an independent women and free woman. She tells not good enough to understand but she consider is clearly to understand. Her story is so short and not all to describe it.

From the previous description above the researcher know about Edna

characterization which explained in The Awakening’s novel in this research. The

author has two kinds to explain the characters; it can be seen in the Chapter II from an expert. In characterizing the characters, there are two ways that a narrator usually uses. Those are direct and indirect characterization. Using direct manner means that the narrator describes directly about the character. Whereas, indirect manner of characterization the author does not merely tell the characters but shows them to the readers through how the character looks, what the character does, what the character says, what the character think, and how the character

Ilmiah 29

are confuse, confident, stubborn wife, bored, depress, emotional, unstable, uncommunicative, a lonely, and ignorant. First, she is confused because she feels uncomfortable to her new condition and another boy who becomes Edna’s friend after leaveing her husband trip for a business. Second, Edna is confident. Her confident more grow up when she meet Adele Ratignolle to be her friend at Grand Isle. Third, Edna is stubborn wife, it happens because she is sleeping in outside and she does want to ask her husband to move in room until her husband do not permit her to do it and her husband though is not good for her health. Fourth, Edna is bored; she looked at her environment around her nothing understands about her feeling as unpredictable condition.

Fifth, Edna is depress, the author direct to characterization that she gets depressed. Sixth, she is emotional because she still does not share what she feels in her heart and she bury herself. Seventh, Edna is unstable. She becomes easy to manage her feeling that for a moment she can happy and suddenly she feels sad. Eighth, Edna is uncommunicative. She can save everything in her heart without being known another person. Ninth, Edna is a lonely because her husband leaves her alone. The last, Edna is ignorant. She does not care about everything new around her life.

3.2. Edna’s Desire on Her Life and Her Family

Edna little bit understands about her new environment in her vacation place, she stay there when her husband has a business in another place for weeks.

Ilmiah 30

she is alone and she starts to find and spend her time with another vacationer. She meets with Adele Ratignolle and Robert Lebrun. They always spend their time together. One of them falls in love, Edna loves Robert although she has got married and she has two children. She feels unconscious about it. It happens because they always play together. She begins dilemma.

Edna Pontellier could not have told why, wishing to go to the beach with Robert, she should in the first place have declined, and in the second place have followed in obedi- ence to one of the two contradictory impulses which impelled her. (Ch. 6)

According to the quotation above, it is clear that Edna feels confused and she does not understand what her feels.

Mr. Pontellier returned to his wife with the information that Raoul had a high fever and needed looking after.

Then he lit a cigar and went and sat near the open door to smoke it. Mrs. Pontellier was quite sure Raoul had no fever. He had

gone to bed perfectly well, she said, and nothing had ailed him all day. Mr. Pontellier was too well acquainted with fever symptoms to be mistaken. He assured her the child was consuming at that moment in the next room.

He reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children. (Ch. 2)

In this part, Edna does not care yet to her child condition. She ask her husband to check up their child but she ignored it. She assumed that Raoul had good condition not getting a fever as her husband though.

Ilmiah 31

They had never taken the form of struggles. They belonged to her and were her own, and she entertained the conviction that she had a right to them and that they concerned

no one but herself. Edna had once told Madame Ratignolle that she would never sacrifice herself for her children, or for any one. Then had followed a rather heated argument; the two women did not appear to understand each other or to be talking the same language. Edna tried to appease her friend, to explain.(Ch. 16)

She gives short answer when her husband asks something to her. It can be seen in the following quotation:

“Tired out, Edna? Whom did you have? Many callers?” he asked. He tasted his soup and began to season it with

pepper, salt, vinegar, mustard—everything within reach.

“There were a good many,“ replied Edna, who was eating her soup with evident satisfaction. “I found their cards when I got home; I was out.”

“Out!” exclaimed her husband, with something like gen- uine consternation in his voice as he laid down the vinegar cruet and looked at her through his glasses. “Why, what could have taken you out on Tuesday? What did you have to do?”

“Nothing. I simply felt like going out, and I went out.” “Well, I hope you left some suitable excuse,” said her hus- band, somewhat appeased, as he added a dash of cayenne pepper to the soup.

“No, I left no excuse. I told Joe to say I was out, that was all.”

“Why, my dear, I should think you’d understand by this time that people don’t do such things; we’ve got to observe les convenances if we ever expect to get on and keep up with the procession. If you felt that you had to leave home this afternoon, you should have left some suitable explana- tion for your absence.(Ch. 17)

She feels shocked after a new person of her husband comes to her home. It is so unpleasure for her.

Ilmiah 32

“Mercy!” exclaimed Edna, who had been fuming. “Why are you taking the thing so seriously and making such a fuss over it?”

“I’m not making any fuss over it. But it’s just such seeming trifles that we’ve got to take seriously; such things count.” The fish was scorched. Mr. Pontellier would not touch it. Edna said she did not mind a little scorched taste. The roast was in some way not to his fancy, and he did not like the manner in which the vegetables were served. (Ch. 17)

In the next time, Leonce and his friend have a discussion. They have plan for dinner at the club. Before it, Leonce does not eaten a morsel and just taste of the highly-seasoned soup made of Edna. She feels disappointed about it.

“Where are you going?“ asked Edna, seeing that her hus- band arose from table without having eaten a morsel except a taste of the highly-seasoned soup.

“I’m going to get my dinner at the club. Good night.” He went into the hall, took his hat and stick from the stand, and left the house.

She was somewhat familiar with such scenes. They had often made her very unhappy. On a few previous occasions she had been completely deprived of any desire to finish her dinner. Sometimes she had gone into the kitchen to administer a tardy rebuke to the cook. Once she went to her room and studied the cookbook during an entire

evening, finally writing out a menu for the week, which left her harassed with a feeling that, after all, she had accom- plished no good that was worth the name.

But that evening Edna finished her dinner alone, with forced deliberation. Her face was flushed and her eyes flamed with some inward fire that lighted them. After fin- ishing her dinner she went to her room, having instructed

the boy to tell any other callers that she was indisposed. (Ch. 17)

Ilmiah 33

“I hardly think we need new fixtures, Léonce. Don’t let us get anything new; you are too extravagant. I don’t believe you ever think of saving or putting by.”

“The way to become rich is to make money, my dear Edna, not to save it,“ he said. He regretted that she did not feel inclined to go with him and select new fixtures. He kissed her good-by, and told her she was not looking well and must take care of herself.

She was unusually pale and very quiet. (Ch. 18)

Here, Edna wants to share her feeling to Madame Ratignolle, a new friend in Grand Isle who always spends their time together for vacation.

“I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn’t give myself. I can’t make it more clear; it’s only something which I am beginning to comprehend, which is revealing itself to me.”

“I don’t know what you would call the essential, or what you mean by the unessential,” said Madame Ratignolle, cheerfully; “but a woman who would give her life

for her children could do no more than that your Bible tells you so. I’m sure I couldn’t do more than that.” (Ch. 16)

She easy to fall in love. She has gloomy when she thinks about her souls (Her husband, Robert, and Arobin). Her husband’s reproach and Robert’s reproach is so differently. Now, she though of Arobin. It can to know from the quotation below:

Edna cried a little that night after Arobin left her. It was only one phase of the multitudinous emotions which had assailed her. There was with her an overwhelming feeling of irresponsibility. There was the shock of the unexpected and the unaccustomed. There was her husband’s reproach looking

Ilmiah 34

vided for her external existence. There was Robert’s reproach making itself felt by a quicker, fiercer, more overpowering love, which had awakened within her toward him.

Above all,there was understanding. She felt as if a mist had been lifted

from her eyes, enabling her to took upon and comprehend the significance of life, that monster made up of beauty and

brutality. But among the conflicting sensations which assailedher, there was neither shame nor remorse. (Ch.28)

Edna argues that she belongs only to herself, not other. Although to her children, Etienne and Raoul Pontellier. It looks a woman who want to get a freedom. Another description from this statement.

“At any time... any time of the day or night, dear,” Edna assured her.

Before leaving Madame Ratignolle said:

“In some way you seem to me like a child, Edna. You seem to act without a certain amount of reflection which is nec- essary in this life. That is the reason I want to say you mustn’t mind if I advise you to be a little careful while you are living here alone. Why don’t you have some one come

and stay with you? Wouldn’t Mademoiselle Reisz come?”

“No; she wouldn’t wish to come, and I shouldn’t want her always with me.” (Ch. 33)

Her friend realizes and explains to her that her behavior has changed; it looks as a child because she does what based on herself without thinking twice. It is true or not. At the first time, Edna is well, but the strange attitude because she meets Robert. She falls in love to him although she has a family (husband and children). Suddenly, Robert was gone to business in Mexico and leaves her. Her mind is anxious and confuse.

Ilmiah 35

The way to express her desire is wrong. Edna does not think logically, she a little bit understands about her position and her feeling. She is difficult to manage both of them.

She did not mean her husband; she was thinking of Robert Lebrun. Her husband seemed to her now like a person whom she had married without love as an excuse. (Ch. 25)

Edna cried a little that night after Arobin left her. It was only one phase of the multitudinous emotions which had assailed her. There was with her an overwhelming feeling of irresponsibility. There was the shock of the unexpected and the unaccustomed. There was her husband’s reproach looking at her from the external things around her which he had pro- vided for her external existence. There was Robert’s reproach making itself felt by a quicker, fiercer, more overpowering love, which had awakened within her toward him. (Ch. 28)

AccordingSchroeder, there could be a desire that does not motivate

action, does not cause feelings of joy or sorrow, and so on. Because these are all effects of desires, if the reward-based learning theory of desire were correct, a desire could in principle exist without having any of these effects(7).

Edna was neither tired nor sleepy. She was hungry again, for the Highcamp dinner, though of excellent quality, had lacked abundance. She rummaged in the larder and brought forth a slice of Gruyere and some crackers. She opened a bottle of beer which she found in the icebox. Edna felt extremely restless and excited. She vacantly hummed a fantastic tune as she poked at the wood embers on the hearth and munched a cracker.(Ch. 25)

Ilmiah 36

She is conscious to make a decision of her problem in her heart and her mind. Edna’s desire has influence to herself.

She had said over and over to herself: “To-day it is Arobin; to-morrow it will be some one else. It makes no difference to me, it doesn’t matter about Léonce Pontellier—but

Raoul and Etienne!” She understood now clearly what she

had meant long ago when she said to Adèle Ratignolle that she would give up the unessential, but she would never sac- rifice herself for her children. (Ch. 39)

Edna finds out the solution for her self but in the bad side. She does not think that her children need her and her husband love her. But she always minds being alone nothing who understand her though.

She remembered the night she swam

far out, and recalled the terror that seized her at the fear of being unable to regain the shore. She did not look back now, but went on and on, thinking of the blue-grass

meadow that she had traversed when a little child, believing that it had no beginning and no end.

Her arms and legs were growing tired.

She thought of Léonce and the children. They were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul. How Mademoiselle Reisz would have laughed, perhaps sneered, if she knew! “And you call yourself an artist! What pretensions, Madame! The artist must possess the courageous soul that dares and defies.” Exhaustion was pressing upon and overpowering her. “Good-by—because I love you.” He did not know; he did not understand. He would never understand. Perhaps Doctor Mandelet would have understood if she had seen

him—but it was too late; the shore was far behind her, and

her strength was gone.

She looked into the distance, and the old terror flamed up

for an instant, then sank again. Edna heard her father’s

Ilmiah 37

the cavalry officer clanged as he walked across the porch. There was the hum of bees, and the musky odor of pinks filled the air. (Ch. 39)

She decides her problem to swim in the beach so far. Then, she commits suicide because she does not get Robert’s love and her family leave her alone.

In addition, from the previous discussions about how Edna’s desire, the

researcher can to know that Edna does her life in the wrong way. Her statement to resolve her problem is un real good, she thought that no body understands her and she thinks negatively. Her desire begun in Grand Isle, a vacation place.

She is a lonely. Then, she gathers with another vacationer. But she falls in love to vacationer. He is Robert (a younger man). Whereas, she feels conscious that she is not alone, she has a family. She has a husband and two children. Her husband still has a business to another place for weeks. She to leave with Robert but she feel depression and she falling love to another man, his name is Alcee Arobin. Her desire is fall in love to Robert but she cannot meet again with him. In the end, she feels frustration to face her desire and commits to suicide by herself.

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION

Based on the analysis, the results of this study appear that Edna wants to be a freedom woman who has a husband and two children. The story happens in

the Grand Isle, a vacation place Pontellier’s family. One day, Leonce must leave

his family at their vacation for a business in another place. Meanwhile, Edna and their two children are left there. Edna spends the time with another vacationer,

Adele Ratignolle. She is Edna’s new friend in there. They play with Robert

together in the beach. Then, as far as Edna becomes fall in love to the younger man (Robert). And she has a family.

There are ten characterizations of Edna. They are confused, confident, stubborn wife, bored, depress, emotional, unstable, uncommunicative, a lonely, and ignorant. First, she is confused because she feels uncomfortable to her new condition and another boy who becomes Edna’s friend after leaveing her husband trip for a business. Second, Edna is confident. Her confident more grow up when she meets Adele Ratignolle to be her friend at Grand Isle. Third, Edna is stubborn wife. It happens because she is sleeping in outside and she does want to ask her husband to move in room until her husband does not permit her to do it and her husband though is not good for her health. Fourth, Edna is bored; she looks at her environment around her nothing understands about her feeling as unpredictable condition. Fifth, Edna is depressing which the author directs to characterization that she gets depressed. Sixth, she is emotional because she still does not share

Ilmiah 39

what she feels in her heart and she saves it herself. Seventh, Edna is unstable. She becomes easy to manage her feeling that for a moment she can happy and

suddenly she feels sad. Eighth, Edna is uncommunicative. She can save everything in her heart without being known another person. Ninth, Edna is a lonely because her husband leaves her alone. The last, Edna is ignorant. She does not care about everything new around her life. From the previous description, the research know that Edna’s behavior has changed. Edna’s though to be a free woman to make her depression.

The researcher can to know that Edna does her life in the wrong way. Her statement to resolve her problem is unreal good, she thinks that no body

understands her and she thinks negatively. She cannot think depend on reality and based on the intellectual of her mind. She falls in love to vacationer. He is Robert (a younger man). Whereas, she feels conscious that she is not alone, she has a family. She has a husband and two children. Her husband still has a business to another place for weeks. She to leave with Robert but she feel depression and she falling love to another man, his name is Alcee Arobin. Her desire is fall in love to Robert but she cannot meet again with him. In the end, she feels frustration to face her desire and commits to suicide by herself.

Edna is unconscious to face her desire. She realize her problem in wrong way. Desires move us to action, give us urges, incline us to joy at their

satisfaction, and incline us to sorrow at their frustration. Naturalistic work on desire has focused on distinguishing which of these phenomena are part of the nature of desire, and which are merely normal consequences of

Ilmiah 40

desiring(Schroeder 1). There are three features of desires; intrinsic,realizer, and instrumental desires. The intrinsic is Edna falls in love to young boy (Robert). Suddenly, he left her to another country. The realizer is Edna tries to forgotten him(Robert) by falls in love to another boy(Alcee Arobin) and the instrumental desires is Edna decide to suicide by herself because she unconscious to thought becomes a good mother and good wife to her family (Leonce as her husband, Raoul and Etienne as their children).

Ilmiah 41

WORK CITED

Abrams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Earl McPeek. 1999

Asch, M. Psychoanalysis: Its Evolution and Development. New Delhi: 2004. Baldick, Chris. The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York:

Oxford University Press Inc., 2001.

Bennet, Andrew & Royle, Nicholas. Literature, criticism and theory. New York: Pearson Longman. 2004

Calvin S. Hall, Lindzey Grdner and John B. Campbell, Theories of Personality. New York. 1997.

Carter, David. The pocket essential Literary Theory. London: Pocket. 2006.

Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. 1899.

Ewen, Robert B. An introduction to theories of personality. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. London. 2003.

Freud, Sigmund. On Sexuality: Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905). in Pelican Freud Library, vol. 7, trans. James Strachey. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 1977.

Gillespie,Tim. Doing Literary Criticism: Helping Students Engage with Challenging Texts. Stenhouse. 2010.

Hartono, Budi, et al. Psikoanalisis dan Sastra. Depok: PPKBLPUI Kampus Universitas Indonesia, 2003.

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Holman, C. Hugh. A Handbook to Literature. The Bobbs- Merrill company, Inc. 1985

http://learn.lexiconic.net/characters.htm

http://www.vcu.edu/engweb/webtexts/hour/katebio.html

Little, Graham. Approach to Literature. An Introduction to Critical Study of Content and Method in Writting (Third Edition). Sydney: Science Press. 1966.

Metzger, Sheri. CliffsComplete Chopin’s The Awakening. New York: Hungry

Minds, Inc.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Gadjah Mada University Press. 2010

Sarup andSons. 2001.

Sayuti, Suminto. Berkenalan dengan Prosa Fiksi .Yogyakarta: Gama Media. 2002.

Schroeder, Timothy.Desire. Ohio: Blackwell Publishing. 2006

Schultz, Duane P & Shultz, Sydney Ellen. Theories of Personality. Wadsworth: Cengage Learning. 2009

Wellek, Rene, Warren, Austin. Theory of Literature (Third Edition). New York: Harcourt. Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. 1962.

Wiyatmi. Pengantar Kajian Sastra .Yogyakarta: Pustaka. 2006. www. Simply psychology.org.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page ... i

Inside Title page ... ii

Declaration Page ... iii

Motto ... iv

Dedication Page ... v

Advisor’s Approval Page ... vi

Examiner’s Approval Page ... vii

Acknowledgement... viii

Table of Contents ... ix

Abstract ... xi

Abstraksi ... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of Study ... ... 1

1.2Statement of Problem ... ... 5

1.3Objective of the Study ... ... 5

1.4Scope and Limitation ... ... 6

1.5Significance of the Study ... ... 6

1.6Method of the Study ... ... 7

1.7Organization of Study ... ... 7

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 10

2.1.1 New Criticism Theory ... 10

2.1.2 Character ... 12

2.1.3 Characterization ... 13

2.1.4 Psychoanalysis Theory ... 14

2.1.5 The Concept of Desire ... 15

2.2 Review of Related Study ... 16

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1 Edna’s Character and Characterization ... 18

3.2 Edna’s Desire on Her Life and Her Family ... 29

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION... 38

WORKS CITED ... 41

BIOGRAPHY AUTHOR ... 43

Ilmiah 39

what she feels in her heart and she saves it herself. Seventh, Edna is unstable. She becomes easy to manage her feeling that for a moment she can happy and

suddenly she feels sad. Eighth, Edna is uncommunicative. She can save everything in her heart without being known another person. Ninth, Edna is a lonely because her husband leaves her alone. The last, Edna is ignorant. She does not care about everything new around her life. From the previous description, the research know that Edna’s behavior has changed. Edna’s though to be a free woman to make her depression.

The researcher can to know that Edna does her life in the wrong way. Her statement to resolve her problem is unreal good, she thinks that no body

understands her and she thinks negatively. She cannot think depend on reality and based on the intellectual of her mind. She falls in love to vacationer. He is Robert (a younger man). Whereas, she feels conscious that she is not alone, she has a family. She has a husband and two children. Her husband still has a business to another place for weeks. She to leave with Robert but she feel depression and she falling love to another man, his name is Alcee Arobin. Her desire is fall in love to Robert but she cannot meet again with him. In the end, she feels frustration to face her desire and commits to suicide by herself.

Edna is unconscious to face her desire. She realize her problem in wrong way. Desires move us to action, give us urges, incline us to joy at their

Ilmiah 40

desiring(Schroeder 1). There are three features of desires; intrinsic,realizer, and instrumental desires. The intrinsic is Edna falls in love to young boy (Robert). Suddenly, he left her to another country. The realizer is Edna tries to forgotten him(Robert) by falls in love to another boy(Alcee Arobin) and the instrumental desires is Edna decide to suicide by herself because she unconscious to thought becomes a good mother and good wife to her family (Leonce as her husband, Raoul and Etienne as their children).

Ilmiah 41

WORK CITED

Abrams, M.H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Earl McPeek. 1999

Asch, M. Psychoanalysis: Its Evolution and Development. New Delhi: 2004. Baldick, Chris. The Oxford Concise Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York:

Oxford University Press Inc., 2001.

Bennet, Andrew & Royle, Nicholas. Literature, criticism and theory. New York: Pearson Longman. 2004

Calvin S. Hall, Lindzey Grdner and John B. Campbell, Theories of Personality. New York. 1997.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Inside Cover Page ... i

Inside Title page ... ii

Declaration Page ... iii

Motto ... iv

Dedication Page ... v

Advisor’s Approval Page ... vi

Examiner’s Approval Page ... vii

Acknowledgement... viii

Table of Contents ... ix

Abstract ... xi

Abstraksi ... xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of Study ... ... 1

1.2Statement of Problem ... ... 5

1.3Objective of the Study ... ... 5

1.4Scope and Limitation ... ... 6

1.5Significance of the Study ... ... 6

x CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 10

2.1.1 New Criticism Theory ... 10

2.1.2 Character ... 12

2.1.3 Characterization ... 13

2.1.4 Psychoanalysis Theory ... 14

2.1.5 The Concept of Desire ... 15

2.2 Review of Related Study ... 16

CHAPTER III ANALYSIS 3.1 Edna’s Character and Characterization ... 18

3.2 Edna’s Desire on Her Life and Her Family ... 29

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION... 38

WORKS CITED ... 41

BIOGRAPHY AUTHOR ... 43