APLIKASI LARVASIDA DAN ATRAKTAN UNTUK MEMUTUS SIKLUS HIDUP NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI

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APLIKASI LARVASIDA DAN ATRAKTAN UNTUK MEMUTUS
SIKLUS HIDUP NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI

SKRIPSI

Oleh
Federica Bounanni
NIM 052010101017

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Federica Bounanni
NIM 052010101017
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FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
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RINGKASAN

Aplikasi Larvasida Dan Atraktan Untuk Memutus Siklus Hidup Nyamuk Aedes
aegypti; Federica Bounanni, 052010101017; 2009: 55 halaman; Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Jember.
Provinsi Jawa Timur telah dinyatakan sebagai daerah endemis penyakit Demam
Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Penyebaran kasus DBD di Jawa Timur terdapat di 38
kabupaten/kota. Menurut data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Jember tahun 2007,
Kabupaten Jember merupakan salah satu daerah di Jawa Timur dengan kasus DBD
yang cukup tinggi. Kasus DBD di Kabupaten Jember terus mengalami peningkatan.
Penyakit DBD disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk
Aedes aegypti. Pengendalian populasi terhadap vektor Aedes aegypti telah banyak
dilakukan dengan menggunakan insektisida baik terhadap dewasa maupun
pradewasa. Namun penggunaan insektisida yang terus menerus dapat merangsang
timbulnya kekebalan pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Saat ini larvasida yang paling luas
digunakan untuk mengendalikan larva Aedes aegypti adalah temephos (Abate 1%).
Salah satu upaya pemberantasan DBD adalah dengan menggunakan media ovitrap.
Ovitrap dikenal dengan nama Mosquito Larvae Trapping Device (MLTD) terbukti
menekan pertumbuhan nyamuk hingga 50% selain itu mudah dibuat, murah, dan
efektif.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aplikasi larvasida dan atraktan
untuk memutus siklus hidup nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Hasil penelitian diharapkan
memberikan informasi mengenai aplikasi pengendalian siklus hidup nyamuk Aedes
aegypti. Serta memberikan informasi penyusunan strategi pemberantasan DBD
dengan mengaplikasikannya dalam bentuk 3M terhadap persentase larutan larvasida
dan atraktan yang disukai nyamuk Aedes aegypti dewasa gravid untuk bertelur.
Metode eksperimental laboratorik dengan rancangan Static Group Comparison
dengan menggunakan 6 macam substrat yaitu: Aquadest (kontrol), Abate 1 %,
Paspalum 10%, Paspalum 20%, Paspalum 10% + Abate 1%, dan Paspalum 20% +
viii

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Abate 1%. Dalam rancangan ini perlakuan atau intervensi telah dilakukan kemudian
menambahkan kelompok kontrol atau kelompok pembanding. Sampel dalam
penelitian ini adalah telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti yang terperangkap pada medium
ovitrap yang berisi larutan larvasida dan atraktan. Variabel bebas dalam penelitin ini
adalah konsentrasi tunggal larvasida (Abate 1%) serta atraktan 10 % dan 20 %
maupun kombinasinya sedangkan variabel terikat adalah telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
Analisa data menggunakan uji Oneway dan didapatkan hasil 0,001 < α = 5%.
Hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh secara signifikan penggunaan substrat
terhadap jumlah telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti pada medium ovitrap. Menurut hasil
penelitian yang dilakukan selama bulan Mei-September 2009 penggunaan Paspalum
20% menghasilkan jumlah telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti terbanyak dibandingkan
dengan substrat lain yang berisi Aquadest (kontrol) maupun Abate 1%.

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j.eajc.ac.id....................................................................................ii
j.eajc.ac.id HALAMAN JUDUL
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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL.................................................................................i

MOTTO ........................................................................................................iv
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j.eajc.ac.id HALAMAN PERNYATAAN......................................................................v
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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN......................................................................vii
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enj.eaj.ac. RINGKASAN
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DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................xii
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enj.eaj.a........................................................................................xv
enj.eaj.ac. DAFTAR TABEL
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................xvii

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1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................3

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1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus......................................................................3

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2.1 Demam Berdarah
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2.1.3 Mekanisme
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xii

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2.1.5 Manifestasi Klinis.................................................................7

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2.2 Nyamuk Aedes aegypti ..................................................................13

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2.2.3 Siklus Hidup .........................................................................18
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2.5 Atraktan.........................................................................................23
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2.7 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ................................................26

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2.8
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3.3.1 Populasi
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id
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3.5 Variabel Penelitian
.......................................................................29
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xiii

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3.5.2 Variabel Terikat (Dependent)...............................................29

c.id id
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3.7.1 Alat Penelitian ......................................................................31
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3.8.1 Aplikasi Larvasida dan Atraktan ..........................................31
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3.8.2neAplikasi
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3.9 Pengambilan Data Penelitian ......................................................33
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BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................35
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4.1 Hasil
.............................................................................35
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Hidup Nyamuk Aedes aegypti..............................................35

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BAB 5. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................... 42

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5.1 Kesimpulan...................................................................................
42
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................43

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LAMPIRAN..................................................................................................
46
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c.id id
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ilib ib.u

xiv

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DAFTAR TABEL

4.1.1 Hasil Penelitian Aplikasi Larvasida dan Atraktan Untuk

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d
.id
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ac.i .id
MemutusneSiklus
j.ajc.ac.idHidup Nyamuk nAedes
ej.aj.ac.aegypti ...................................53
nej. j.ac

xv

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.id
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.id
14
j.eajc.ac.id
j.eajc.ac.id
j.eajc.ac.id
j.eajc.Aedes
j.eajc.ac.id 2.2 Telur Nyamuk
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2.3
Larva
aegypti
.................................................................................
16
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DAFTAR GAMBAR

2.1 Mekanisme Penularan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti ........................................ 6

2.4 Pupa Aedes aegypti .................................................................................. 17
.id
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18
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19
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2.7 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian .............................................................. 26
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34
enj.eaj.ac.
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enj.eaj.ac.......................................................................................
enj.eaj.ac. 3.11 Alur Penelitian
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4.1.1
Telur
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35
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4.2.1 Diagram Rata-Rata Telur Nyamuk Aedes aegypti ................................ 38
id
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enjNyamuk
enj.eaj.ac.
enj.eaj.ac. 4.2.2 Diagram
Persentase
(%) Oviposisi
39
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Diagram
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40
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

A. Tabel Uji, Analisa Oneway, dan Hasil Penelitian ..................................... 46

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