The Relation of the structural model of personality to levels of awareness Hjelle and Ziegler 33
4. Parental influence on Children Psychological Development
Parents play an important role in shaping their child’s personality. Children need to grow out of his vulnerability; in this case, parents have to provide both
material and emotional needs while they bring the children toward self-sufficiency. If parents fail to provide them their need, the growth toward independence will
seriously obstruct. It is also usual to find that child from broken homes tend to have more adjustment problem than those from integral homes. Watson and Lindgren
310. For the example, the absence of father in home will give the effects that child will have less confident, dependent, had poorer relationships with peers Watson and
Lindgren 309. There are basically two major effects that the home has on the life of a child.
First, home provides the conditions that facilitate some kinds of behavior and inhibit others. Second, is a place where child’s personality is shaped. This is also proving
that love, parental warmth and permissiveness are about all that are needed for healthy personality development Watson and Lindgren 299.
Child’s development, known as a golden age, is a phase when as a child he absorbs the entire environment, especially family and parents given consciously or
unconsciously. Joseph and Lois Bird explain in his book, Power to the Parents that even in early childhood, the child encounters frustration. At first, all he can do is lash
out in fury: cry, scream, and kick. He needs parents’ example and teaching if he is to learn to cope with the countless frustration, large and small, he will run up against
during his lifetime. He needs to be taught alternative actions Bird and Bird 31. Although most parents are loving and nurturing, some cannot or will not take
a proper care of their children, and some deliberately hurt, even kill them. Maltreatment, by parents or others, is deliberate or unavoidable endangerment of a
child that take in many forms. In general, abuse can refer to action that inflicts harm, physical abuse
involves injury to the body through punching, beating, kicking or burning. Neglect is failure to meet a child’s basic physical, emotional, or education needs. Sexual abuse
is sexual activity involving a child and another person. Emotional maltreatment includes acts of abuse or neglect that may cause behavioral, cognitive, emotional and
mental disorder. It may include rejection, terrorization, isolation, exploitation, degradation, ridicule, or failure to provide emotional support, love, and affection
Papalia, Olds, Feldman, and Gross 294. Abuse may begin when parents who are already anxious, depresses or hostile
try to control a child physically but loses self-control and ends up with doing some violations. Neglected parents tend to be apathetic, incompetence, irresponsible, or
emotionally withdrawn. They sometime built a distance from the child, critical and uncommunicative. Many abusive and neglectful families cut themselves off from
other, socially isolated, with no one to see what is happening Papalia, Olds, Feldman, and Gross 295.
Neglected children tend to grow poorly and often have medical problems, PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
lack of enthusiasm, self-esteem and dependent. Therefore, maltreatment children often have disorganized-disoriented attachments and negative, distorted self concept.
They will not develop social skills because they act aggressively and are often rejected by peers. Physically abused child tend to be fearful and uncooperative.
Emotional abusive will produce children to be lying, stealing, low self-esteem, emotional maladjustment, dependency, depression, aggression, homicide and suicide
Papalia, Olds, Feldman, and Gross 296-297.
5. Mother- Daughter Relationship
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