Althusserian Ideological Interpellation Review of Related Theories 1. Elements of Fiction

18 comes from the prodigious and strategic production of conflictual, fantastic, discriminatory ‘identity effects’ in the play of a power that is elusive because it hides no essence, no ‘itself’ Bhabha, 2004:128- 129. In Bhabha’s comment, the desire to emerge as ‘authentic’ through mimicry is treated as “the final irony of partial representation” Bhabha, 2004:126. However, this partial presence also exists in the colonial subject. The native people who accept the invitation to be mobilised in the discourse of mimicry efface “[the] effect of a flawed colonial mimesis, in which to be Anglicized is emphatically not to be English” Bhabha, 2004:125. Despite any invocation of such characters, they put themselves in a discourse that refuses to be representational.

d. Althusserian Ideological Interpellation

In his book Ideology 2003, David Hawkes argues that truth can become “a rhetorical device by which the powerful maintain their dominance Hawkes, 2003:7. A multiple representation of reality is thus reduced to one conception by undialectical mode of thought. When this ideology, or false consciousness, is successfully maintained, it becomes canonical, firm and obligatory to a people; and as Althusser puts it in For Marx 1969, “its own problematic is not conscious of itself… unconscious of its ‘theoretical presuppositions’” Althusser, 1969:69. Althusser himself insists on the inevitability or even utility of an ideological perspective. Even in a least oppressive situation, as Steven B. Smith adds it, in order to respond to the demands of the condition of existence “men will continue to live their lives under the sway of illusion and myth” 19 Smith, 1984:134. It is made possible by the ‘practico-social’ function ideology is called upon to perform. Althusser describes this function as performing through a process of interpellating concrete individuals as “[a] centre of initiatives, author of and responsible for its actions” Althusser, 1971:169.

C. Review of Related Backgrounds 1. India Under British Control

In the imperialism course India has acquired notable story. Her distinction is primarily developed by her acquaintance as the colony of the British Empire, a bond of allegiances to the King or Queen of Great Britain. As a country in which the Hindu caste system was so rigid in arrangement, India had maintained and justified for centuries a kind of segregation which was believed to be mandated by the sacred texts of that religion. Yet, the British seamen and missionaries, as the pioneers of the voyage to the Outside World, inferred that such ancient culture and social system should be placed upon by Western civilization. Here grew three reasons for the establishment of British Empire: the desire to increase trade, the search for new homes for a population overcrowded in the mother country, and the impulse to confer civilisation, Christianity and decent government upon peoples who have lacked those advantages Williamson, 1954: 3. Driven from those reasons, the Empire has made many policies and charters. As it was to the other colonies, such ideas have brought success and loss to India, beginning from the first trading post in Surat on the 16 th century to its independence in 1947.