THE CRISIS OF IDENTITY AS THE IMPACT OF HYBRIDITY OF INDIAN IMMIGRANTS IN ENGLAND AS REFLECTED IN HANIF KUREISHI'S THE BUDDHA OF SUBURBIA.
The
Cftis
of ldentity .s lbe lmpaci ol
Hybridity ofl.dilD
ImfrieraDts tu EDsland As Reflected tu
HitrifKtr.eislit
Ihe Auddhd ofSubutbiu
A Th€sis
suboitted in Pr.li2l Fnllillncnt to
For th. D.gre
the
Requir€nenl
DfS.rj'nt salrr
By:
YT]LINA SUSAN
DNC
fi;!:i
! ti,:1i \l
;
11 :;l!i
i\ ,\!.r: rt \!)
PT
SrI DEPARTMEN1
FACIILTY O! LETMR AI{DALAS UNTI'ERSITY
t.:s
l
ABSTRAK
Pmulis dalam pfl€liiir. ini ncnbedah peMmpum budlya sllu hibndid
budly! hibnd ddm kodunies imigEn India di Inggris dald no\et Ihe Ruddh. ol
S!r,ri, lrrya Hmil KuFishi Aspel lspek kulturd uha yanE diu4kap dalm
Fnelilian ini lerklil dcngm mdalah Saya hidup du doPal hibriditi renebur
biadlp id€nribs ndioml ndyaald lndia di lnggris.
Pdtrlis menssuskt kajit. poskolonial taitu lmn hibddni dd oimiki
p€ndekalan ninetik. Penclilie i.i mens€usko metode klalilaril dalm
plws alis dd4 dan n€nffuako nebde krji& puslaka dalam proses
d,lm
H6il analisis menunjukkr b.hwa kei.tes5. imis@ India ke In$6 padd
alsd kel9 nenb€ri dampak pad! lahimya budala bdu di lneErG, yoitu budaya
@putu dlam budoya India dd In8€!is. Hib.idili diawali densan minikri
(meniru), tdg mana inisd l.di. nelihal buda'€ bm (Westem), kemudid
menirudya dm menenpkM.ya knpa menin€isalko budsya dli n@kt Hibtiditi
(Fffiptrm budayo) y@g dj.di d; Ingsris yans jusa ler$mbd dd@ novel, bisa
dilihar d{i saya hidup dd pendidik n. (onetuensi do p€MdPum budaya el!rc
rnssris dd lndia {tahn r6jani.}€ kisis idendras, abu kemod idc.lilas seFrli
yas t mpal jel6 p.da lokoh Kdin dd Jadilr tertail dcn3o 3F)€ hidup dd
Fldidi*m m€eka Knsis ide.tiras leebul menyebabta Kem dM Jmila mcu
ala idenli&s n ional mwta. Pada athimy" Kdd dedutusk& untuk menerim!
buda)€ Inggris, nmolak blday2 eu adai iei.dot lndi., ale leloti ia lelat
nemp.d.hdte idemiras ndional.ya eb.3ai od8 Indie Jmila mnutusrd
untuk kembali pada bud,yt 61inya, ,aitu budaya lndia.
CHA?TER
I
INTROI]UCTION
1.1 Th€
Brc*ground of the Research
Ih.
coloniT:tion donc by arltlslr limpire had ftndertJ rhd grad0al cllccb
in ex colonies. lr did not only innrence rhe dcvclopmcnls olcconomic and polilic,
b
sinul&neouslviltosllrcdinemeqlenceofrneskindollitcmturc,th.twcqll
den. Poscolonial literiture. Postolonial lileEtuE
cs
be
srea
ir
zed rs rhe resuh
olrhe interacti.. bcNcen inne'irl rlrure &d tuc.omplcr colonial culluE shen
the colonizer
$mes to the coloniTed couity. Ashfion, Ctiffith lnd
B..k Th. Enpne hites Ba.k: lh(aD arl
Plactice in
""-
rhcwat rorvard: apo$ible $udy ofthe effectofcolonirlism {2002:23).lr
shows that postcokJniai lnemture nol only Jrudiet thc
!.rs anr
in rhen
Prd.'
sa€s. _...thcterms posrcolonixl lircmturc' frnelly prefered
ir poinN
Tifin
ancntion lo the
lileiry *ork nscll bul aho
imp.ctoicoloni.lkn.
As also suppoded by Po(er in 1-t?/,O nkotr: R.!..tch TraininA
.V,1,/. X/ rhat pos colonialGm
atlecks ihe srme ideas whee
thc, bavc gilen rise
!o and ju$ified westem imperialism (1993:43). Thcn. poscoloniai
d a ne* 1en
boomcs very l)opulr and is discussed in lirerary works in which n comems on
colonialkm Actuillv. s.mc aspecB of Do$ colonialirm
colonized countries
lnJ the dillicukics to find
l{rk
ar tho idcntirics in
a national idenrny as lhe
inp.cr oi
ODe
ol
sudt dlscused
postcobnial
about lhe hsue
!l
idenrn!
s
'' thar b€conc popular discussion amons ressrch€* We ca. lcarn thal
,aF,-rcnu 1-..h.e ll-rll.nial^n
rhat lhe crucial fdcus is about
iisle&.hbccause
sicularly
I see there
iD culture.
.. d' ..d
'
b ..'3p
.-
hybridily I am inrerened in conduciinA
lsa solid pmblem tirat occuF alter
the
colodiation.
k h only s[owing t*o cultures $]r becon.s on.. blll
above
all$cchanring olcu tuft cm inlucncc pcoplc idcnt ty.
Thcrclorc, thh research done ro pull back thc problems olhybridiry
:E
identiiy crisi\
lh
lndid
happcns 10
immiB.rnts in EnEland in 2()d centurt In
stnce. rh. imprt olthe coloniation is nol only depicted by
rolonize p.oplc,
-
dd
buttherri%l olpcoPlc intoa n.wplacec
rhe
cdloiizedlhal
nrake lnem
mloniad.
inen idenlit] begins io haFss.
ln lhis .eselrch, I usc
liuEishi
6
the
object.rr
7lt ,,//r. o/grur,a
arysh.
th! R .llho
\on rhe WhilbFad Fisr Novcl Alvdd
rrel
has been
l@asries
oJ
(1t90) {riten b) Hadit
S,hurhia i\ Kneishi
and becme
d
s
fiN
novel,
inrenttional bcascllcr. Ihh
tMsl3t.d into ?0 lan8lases and was ale nadc into a four pln
Bowic.111a Buddha
oI
olan,biguity ol identny rmong Indiitr imnlSrants
i,r
n.v,
n
by lne BBC in 1991, Rirh r soundtack by
!Llu.6i, reftrrs
the p6b1cm
D.!id
EnglMd. n conniMes the .bvious aspcch of hybrdity. TFer.nr.
'Li<
J.finirelv inpotunt and rpprupriatc lor$is rcscarch.
Then. rhe advantages
ftiri.nm
ii
facully ol
l€ter
ollhis Rsedch &e
ro enrich lhc domain oa lirerary
Anda16 Utrile6jty lnd Indonesia.
I .lso
want lhis
L'ari'KtRi
tr tul BuJJhr ol 5!6r-d,, dcpic...hc derrirJ.-i i.ha.
happens in two najor ch,racle6: K&im d Jmila. Such e identiry crisis occus
bsuse or &e cultural mixtuE
phenomenon
beiween lndian and Enslish cuhure. This
lrissen lhc pmcess of mimicry md hybridity *hich particulely occur
in Karim\
dd
sro* up in
Englisn culfure, therelo€ riey adopr doninDt vrlues Md lile$yl€ in
I ng
tud. In
s
Jamila s pesonaliries. The! are acluaut Indim by binh. bul they
ma\.'r er
r'3pped'n rhe' ontuq on adour'h!' rcai
rsl
they should be rn Englishncn o! an lndian. lt is aho happened in
the
lndid ibnigma
their nstionrl identity.
dc
rD.
*le.le-
liie, in which
lhat slly in Engllnd experienced with the conlusing lo*zJrl
lt
is qused by the new culluE that they
fsed in then ner
environmenl, so il aho influencedtheft.
Thee
arc various English lifestyles, especislly the negsrive lilestyles
thd
conhminate lhe cultural idcntity and peMnalities ollhe main chaBcles as lollows:
rlcoholics, bi$xual, clubbing,
e1c.
Those lil€styl6 male rhen contused abaur thcn
olisi.!icultures. elc. while, the other influence ftom !heEnglish cuhurero lndians is
in
enucation.
in shich rhel rre innuchc.d by s@ial cndonnenl. HeE,
imnislsts thal
educate in English in$itutions. They ger education
the
md lessn fmm
Wnite psple and leam ever)dins about foeien.
Aner doins the resmh about the crisis of idenlity of lndian inmisEnl in
Engl$d
d
r€tlccted
in Kueishi's
fis
Buddha o./ Subwbiu.
I
provs lhal the
Lbmmi M.H.
The
Mirror and
Th?
rarp.
London: Oxlord Unilennt Press, tnc.
1977.
Benstock, Shari
& Suannc fernss.
o, F4rrto,
Rulgcrs Un iversiiy Press. I 994.
tsBN 08r5520339_ 97803r3s20339
Bh^bh4 H.K. The Location oJ curlz. Loidon: Routlcdge. 1994.
Bood. Ian. Pdgadh Musik Punk lerhodap Mdyankal. May 7, 2009
hupT/agfi an.wordpFss.coh/2009/05/07/penaduh-nusik,punkrerhadaF
nrsverllt.
Online on May 25, 2010.
Chiswick, Barry R,& Timorby Haron. tntemoti.nal imsratian ahd lha
I esrotion af L.bor Motkets 23
O.rrrbet
hhp://econNss.!0u.edu.adslalI,lrad.n/odfl InlMiarlnreebbMkls.pdt
Onlineo. ocrobd 15,2009.
Di Yanni, Robe.r x?ad,ry /:djon and ,4ntholag
Rddoft Hous lnc
Edtibi, Deni.
LJ
sha
starr?s. Ncw york:
1993
ttu Chanain( of Najonat tdentiq in Dtuid
Malorfs Renehb ihg B.hllon: A Postroloniat Srrd). Enelish
Depanmenr: Andrl6 Univeuiry. 2006.
Fro\|,
M^r.
The Hybtidiry ohd
ene. RDots
.f
the
[ntp:
Bhnic Dive$iq in the Mntiry al lri1.jn.
London:CRE.1996.
ftu E+)tiditr lhenone a u Th. tupack of Cota,ialkn in Ru.lyal.t
Kipli,g\ Kin: A Poecoloniat Study_ Englhh Depdnenr Andatas
F^dil|3h.
UniveBity.2007.
Ctp4
Rajan. tdtcation, thz Ke! To Dewlopnent: Le$o6
rrch India
2AtO.
hhr://l,rw.indisetzone.corveducation/. May 25, 2010
Enucation In
Ensldd
(lii). hrrt/\W.know-
brirain.con/geneBl/edualion in enqld,j 3.ntml. Mry 25, 2010
Cftis
of ldentity .s lbe lmpaci ol
Hybridity ofl.dilD
ImfrieraDts tu EDsland As Reflected tu
HitrifKtr.eislit
Ihe Auddhd ofSubutbiu
A Th€sis
suboitted in Pr.li2l Fnllillncnt to
For th. D.gre
the
Requir€nenl
DfS.rj'nt salrr
By:
YT]LINA SUSAN
DNC
fi;!:i
! ti,:1i \l
;
11 :;l!i
i\ ,\!.r: rt \!)
PT
SrI DEPARTMEN1
FACIILTY O! LETMR AI{DALAS UNTI'ERSITY
t.:s
l
ABSTRAK
Pmulis dalam pfl€liiir. ini ncnbedah peMmpum budlya sllu hibndid
budly! hibnd ddm kodunies imigEn India di Inggris dald no\et Ihe Ruddh. ol
S!r,ri, lrrya Hmil KuFishi Aspel lspek kulturd uha yanE diu4kap dalm
Fnelilian ini lerklil dcngm mdalah Saya hidup du doPal hibriditi renebur
biadlp id€nribs ndioml ndyaald lndia di lnggris.
Pdtrlis menssuskt kajit. poskolonial taitu lmn hibddni dd oimiki
p€ndekalan ninetik. Penclilie i.i mens€usko metode klalilaril dalm
plws alis dd4 dan n€nffuako nebde krji& puslaka dalam proses
d,lm
H6il analisis menunjukkr b.hwa kei.tes5. imis@ India ke In$6 padd
alsd kel9 nenb€ri dampak pad! lahimya budala bdu di lneErG, yoitu budaya
@putu dlam budoya India dd In8€!is. Hib.idili diawali densan minikri
(meniru), tdg mana inisd l.di. nelihal buda'€ bm (Westem), kemudid
menirudya dm menenpkM.ya knpa menin€isalko budsya dli n@kt Hibtiditi
(Fffiptrm budayo) y@g dj.di d; Ingsris yans jusa ler$mbd dd@ novel, bisa
dilihar d{i saya hidup dd pendidik n. (onetuensi do p€MdPum budaya el!rc
rnssris dd lndia {tahn r6jani.}€ kisis idendras, abu kemod idc.lilas seFrli
yas t mpal jel6 p.da lokoh Kdin dd Jadilr tertail dcn3o 3F)€ hidup dd
Fldidi*m m€eka Knsis ide.tiras leebul menyebabta Kem dM Jmila mcu
ala idenli&s n ional mwta. Pada athimy" Kdd dedutusk& untuk menerim!
buda)€ Inggris, nmolak blday2 eu adai iei.dot lndi., ale leloti ia lelat
nemp.d.hdte idemiras ndional.ya eb.3ai od8 Indie Jmila mnutusrd
untuk kembali pada bud,yt 61inya, ,aitu budaya lndia.
CHA?TER
I
INTROI]UCTION
1.1 Th€
Brc*ground of the Research
Ih.
coloniT:tion donc by arltlslr limpire had ftndertJ rhd grad0al cllccb
in ex colonies. lr did not only innrence rhe dcvclopmcnls olcconomic and polilic,
b
sinul&neouslviltosllrcdinemeqlenceofrneskindollitcmturc,th.twcqll
den. Poscolonial literiture. Postolonial lileEtuE
cs
be
srea
ir
zed rs rhe resuh
olrhe interacti.. bcNcen inne'irl rlrure &d tuc.omplcr colonial culluE shen
the colonizer
$mes to the coloniTed couity. Ashfion, Ctiffith lnd
B..k Th. Enpne hites Ba.k: lh(aD arl
Plactice in
""-
rhcwat rorvard: apo$ible $udy ofthe effectofcolonirlism {2002:23).lr
shows that postcokJniai lnemture nol only Jrudiet thc
!.rs anr
in rhen
Prd.'
sa€s. _...thcterms posrcolonixl lircmturc' frnelly prefered
ir poinN
Tifin
ancntion lo the
lileiry *ork nscll bul aho
imp.ctoicoloni.lkn.
As also suppoded by Po(er in 1-t?/,O nkotr: R.!..tch TraininA
.V,1,/. X/ rhat pos colonialGm
atlecks ihe srme ideas whee
thc, bavc gilen rise
!o and ju$ified westem imperialism (1993:43). Thcn. poscoloniai
d a ne* 1en
boomcs very l)opulr and is discussed in lirerary works in which n comems on
colonialkm Actuillv. s.mc aspecB of Do$ colonialirm
colonized countries
lnJ the dillicukics to find
l{rk
ar tho idcntirics in
a national idenrny as lhe
inp.cr oi
ODe
ol
sudt dlscused
postcobnial
about lhe hsue
!l
idenrn!
s
'' thar b€conc popular discussion amons ressrch€* We ca. lcarn thal
,aF,-rcnu 1-..h.e ll-rll.nial^n
rhat lhe crucial fdcus is about
iisle&.hbccause
sicularly
I see there
iD culture.
.. d' ..d
'
b ..'3p
.-
hybridily I am inrerened in conduciinA
lsa solid pmblem tirat occuF alter
the
colodiation.
k h only s[owing t*o cultures $]r becon.s on.. blll
above
all$cchanring olcu tuft cm inlucncc pcoplc idcnt ty.
Thcrclorc, thh research done ro pull back thc problems olhybridiry
:E
identiiy crisi\
lh
lndid
happcns 10
immiB.rnts in EnEland in 2()d centurt In
stnce. rh. imprt olthe coloniation is nol only depicted by
rolonize p.oplc,
-
dd
buttherri%l olpcoPlc intoa n.wplacec
rhe
cdloiizedlhal
nrake lnem
mloniad.
inen idenlit] begins io haFss.
ln lhis .eselrch, I usc
liuEishi
6
the
object.rr
7lt ,,//r. o/grur,a
arysh.
th! R .llho
\on rhe WhilbFad Fisr Novcl Alvdd
rrel
has been
l@asries
oJ
(1t90) {riten b) Hadit
S,hurhia i\ Kneishi
and becme
d
s
fiN
novel,
inrenttional bcascllcr. Ihh
tMsl3t.d into ?0 lan8lases and was ale nadc into a four pln
Bowic.111a Buddha
oI
olan,biguity ol identny rmong Indiitr imnlSrants
i,r
n.v,
n
by lne BBC in 1991, Rirh r soundtack by
!Llu.6i, reftrrs
the p6b1cm
D.!id
EnglMd. n conniMes the .bvious aspcch of hybrdity. TFer.nr.
'Li<
J.finirelv inpotunt and rpprupriatc lor$is rcscarch.
Then. rhe advantages
ftiri.nm
ii
facully ol
l€ter
ollhis Rsedch &e
ro enrich lhc domain oa lirerary
Anda16 Utrile6jty lnd Indonesia.
I .lso
want lhis
L'ari'KtRi
tr tul BuJJhr ol 5!6r-d,, dcpic...hc derrirJ.-i i.ha.
happens in two najor ch,racle6: K&im d Jmila. Such e identiry crisis occus
bsuse or &e cultural mixtuE
phenomenon
beiween lndian and Enslish cuhure. This
lrissen lhc pmcess of mimicry md hybridity *hich particulely occur
in Karim\
dd
sro* up in
Englisn culfure, therelo€ riey adopr doninDt vrlues Md lile$yl€ in
I ng
tud. In
s
Jamila s pesonaliries. The! are acluaut Indim by binh. bul they
ma\.'r er
r'3pped'n rhe' ontuq on adour'h!' rcai
rsl
they should be rn Englishncn o! an lndian. lt is aho happened in
the
lndid ibnigma
their nstionrl identity.
dc
rD.
*le.le-
liie, in which
lhat slly in Engllnd experienced with the conlusing lo*zJrl
lt
is qused by the new culluE that they
fsed in then ner
environmenl, so il aho influencedtheft.
Thee
arc various English lifestyles, especislly the negsrive lilestyles
thd
conhminate lhe cultural idcntity and peMnalities ollhe main chaBcles as lollows:
rlcoholics, bi$xual, clubbing,
e1c.
Those lil€styl6 male rhen contused abaur thcn
olisi.!icultures. elc. while, the other influence ftom !heEnglish cuhurero lndians is
in
enucation.
in shich rhel rre innuchc.d by s@ial cndonnenl. HeE,
imnislsts thal
educate in English in$itutions. They ger education
the
md lessn fmm
Wnite psple and leam ever)dins about foeien.
Aner doins the resmh about the crisis of idenlity of lndian inmisEnl in
Engl$d
d
r€tlccted
in Kueishi's
fis
Buddha o./ Subwbiu.
I
provs lhal the
Lbmmi M.H.
The
Mirror and
Th?
rarp.
London: Oxlord Unilennt Press, tnc.
1977.
Benstock, Shari
& Suannc fernss.
o, F4rrto,
Rulgcrs Un iversiiy Press. I 994.
tsBN 08r5520339_ 97803r3s20339
Bh^bh4 H.K. The Location oJ curlz. Loidon: Routlcdge. 1994.
Bood. Ian. Pdgadh Musik Punk lerhodap Mdyankal. May 7, 2009
hupT/agfi an.wordpFss.coh/2009/05/07/penaduh-nusik,punkrerhadaF
nrsverllt.
Online on May 25, 2010.
Chiswick, Barry R,& Timorby Haron. tntemoti.nal imsratian ahd lha
I esrotion af L.bor Motkets 23
O.rrrbet
hhp://econNss.!0u.edu.adslalI,lrad.n/odfl InlMiarlnreebbMkls.pdt
Onlineo. ocrobd 15,2009.
Di Yanni, Robe.r x?ad,ry /:djon and ,4ntholag
Rddoft Hous lnc
Edtibi, Deni.
LJ
sha
starr?s. Ncw york:
1993
ttu Chanain( of Najonat tdentiq in Dtuid
Malorfs Renehb ihg B.hllon: A Postroloniat Srrd). Enelish
Depanmenr: Andrl6 Univeuiry. 2006.
Fro\|,
M^r.
The Hybtidiry ohd
ene. RDots
.f
the
[ntp:
Bhnic Dive$iq in the Mntiry al lri1.jn.
London:CRE.1996.
ftu E+)tiditr lhenone a u Th. tupack of Cota,ialkn in Ru.lyal.t
Kipli,g\ Kin: A Poecoloniat Study_ Englhh Depdnenr Andatas
F^dil|3h.
UniveBity.2007.
Ctp4
Rajan. tdtcation, thz Ke! To Dewlopnent: Le$o6
rrch India
2AtO.
hhr://l,rw.indisetzone.corveducation/. May 25, 2010
Enucation In
Ensldd
(lii). hrrt/\W.know-
brirain.con/geneBl/edualion in enqld,j 3.ntml. Mry 25, 2010