13 young art teacher, Sheba Hart and her underage pupils, Steven Connolly which is
demolished by Sheba’s colleague teacher, Barbara Covett. It begins when Barbara, a teacher history at a comprehensive school in
London meets the new art teacher, Sheba Hart. Barbara feels drawn to Sheba and is happy to find that Sheba maybe the one. Nevertheless, when Barbara discovers
Sheba’s affair with Steven Conolly, her student in underage pupils, Barbara confronts her. Then, Sheba asks Barbara not to tell her affair to her family and the
school administration until Christmas. Barbara explains that she does not intend to tell as long as Sheba ends the relationship. However, Sheba cannot end her affair
with her student until Christmas. Barbara becomes increasingly angry and tells Sheba’s affair to a fellow teacher, Brian. Finally, Brian reports playground rumor
to Steven’s mother and head of comprehensive school. Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in analyzing the
character of Sheba Hart viewed from the theory of psychology that can be connected with the theory of sexual deviation that refers to Sheba’s pedophilia in
film Notes on a Scandal by Patrick Marber.
B. Focus of the Research
Sheba Hart’s character in film Notes on a Scandal by Zoe Heller is focus of the research.
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C. Research Question
Based on the background of the study above, the writer would like to make research question as follow:
How is the Pedophilia described in the character of Sheba Hart in the Notes on a Scandal film By Zoe Heller?
D. Objectives of the Study
The objective of this research is to know how the description of pedophilia in the character of Sheba Hart.
E. Significance of the Research
The writer hopes this research can be used for the English Department as one of the references in the studying of the psychology or literary work. The result
of this analysis also will help the readers to give the information about abnormal psychology that used to express the Pedophilia in film Notes on a Scandal by Zoe
Heller.
F. Research Methodology 1. Method of the Research
Based on focus of the research above, so the writer uses descriptive qualitative method which tries to analyze and to give enough understand about
the facts and the next will be analyzed based on the relevan theory of abnormal psychology.
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2. Data Analysis
The collected data are analyzed by using the theory of abnormal psychology. First, the writer gives description about the film Notes on a
Scandal. Second, the writer began to analyze the psychological problem of the main character through abnormal psychology concept.
3. Unit Analysis
Unit analysis that is used in this research is the film script of Notes on a Scandal by Zoe Heller that produced by Scott Rudin and Robert Fox on
2006.
4. Place and Time of the Research
This research has been conducted since the 9
th
semester 2007 until 2009 in State Islamic University, Jakarta.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In this research, the writer uses the theory of character and psychology to understand the problem faced by the character of Sheba Hart. The theory of
psychology which is used in this research is the theory of abnormal psychology that is related to the sexual deviation.
A. Character
Some films, through both action and dialogue, focus on the clear delineation of a single unique character. Although plot is important in such films,
what happens is important primarily because it helps us understand the character being developed. The major appeal of these characters lies in the qualities that set
them apart from ordinary people. The theme of such films can best be expressed in a brief description of the central character, with emphasis on the unusual
aspects of the individual’s personality. Characters are the persons presented in works of narrative who convey their personal qualities through dialogue and
action by which the reader or audience understands their thoughts, feelings, intentions and motives.
4
To be interested in the film as a whole, characters must seem real, understandable, and worth caring about. For the most part, the characters in a
4
http:web.uvic.cawguidePagesLTCharacter.htmlMarch 11, 2009.
17 story are believable in the same way that the story is believable. In other words,
they conform to the laws of probability and necessity by reflecting externally observable truth about human nature, they conform to some inner truth man as
we want him to be, or they are made to seem real by the convincing art of the actor.
Characterization in film has a great deal to do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously. The
minute we see most actors on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way
they move. Our first visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story progresses, but it is certainly an important means of establishing character.
Characters in a fictional film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say. But a great deal is also revealed by how they say it.
Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause pattern of their
speech. Actors’ use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular dialects if any reveals a great deal about their characters social and economic
level, education background, and mental processes. The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent
means of characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about a character is already provided through such means before the character first
appears on the screen. A complex and intriguing characterization is provided through the conversations of other characters.
18 One other important method of characterization is the use of names
possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation. This technique is known as name typing. A screenwriter usually thinks out his
characters’ names very carefully. Because a great deal of thought goes into the choice of names, they should not be taken for granted but should be carefully
examined for the connotations they communicate. Another method for analyzing film characterization utilizes three
defferent types of pairings: a Stock Characters and Stereotypes
Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession. Stereotypes are characters of
somewhat greater importance to the film. They fit into preconceived patterns of behavior common to or representative of a large number of people, at least
a large number of fictional people. b Static versus Developing Characters
Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot internal, external, or both and undergo some important change in
personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the story. The change can be of any type but is significant to the total makeup of the
individual undergoing the change. Developing characters become sadder or wiser, or happier and more self-confident. They might gain some new
awareness of life, become more mature or more responsible, or become more moral or less so. Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the
19 film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives as might
generally be the case with the hero of an actionadventure film, or they are insensitive to the meaning of the action and thus are not capable of growth or
change. c Flat versus Round Characters
Flat characters are two-dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. They
often tend to be representative character types rather than real flesh-and-blood human beings. Round characters or three-dimensional characters are unique,
individualistic characters who have some degree of complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be categorized.
B. Abnormal Psychology 1. Definition of Abnormal Psychology
