Sexual deviaton analysis on sheba hart's character in film notes on a ascandal by zoe heller

SEXUAL DEVIATION ANALYSIS

ON SHEBA HART’S

CHARACTER IN FILM

NOTES ON A SCANDAL

BY ZOE HELLER

NUR WIHDA AHDIYATI NURI NIM. 203026002136

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF

HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA

2009

SEXUAL DEVIATION ANALYSIS

ON SHEBA HART’S

CHARACTER IN FILM

NOTES ON A SCANDAL

BY ZOE HELLER

A Thesis

Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Degree of Letters Scholar

NUR WIHDA AHDIYATI NURI NIM. 203026002136

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF

HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA

2009

ABSTRACT

Nur Wihda Ahdiyati Nuri, Sexual Deviation Analysison Sheba Hart’s Character

in Film Notes on a Scandal By Zoe Heller. A Thesis. Jakarta: Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University “Syarif Hidayatullah”, May2009.

This analysis is aimed at finding out the sexual deviation on the character of Sheba Hart as a main character viewed from Psychology concept. The writer uses descriptive qualitative analysis as the method to analyze the relationship both the main character and the abnormal psychology concept.

In this analysis, the writer finds out the main character, Sheba Hart as a wife, a mother, and a teacher who kind-hearted, friendly, patient, attentive and good nurturer. She also finds out that Sheba is a person who faces a sexual deviation which is pedophilia. She deals with pedophilia according to the abnormal psychology concept.

According to abnormal psychology, there are four causal categories of a person who faces pedophilia, they are the personally immature offender, the regressed offender, the conditional offender, and psychopathic offender. Agree with the character who showed by Sheba Hart, in this research the writer gets the analysis toward the personally immature offender. The immature offender occurred by inability to establish or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with male peers during her adolescent, young adult or adult life. It is more deep-seated personality conflicts and frustrations from which relief is sought. Those things have experienced by Sheba inNotes on a Scandalfilm. The immature faces more deep-seated personality conflicts and frustrationsin Sheba’s

APPROVEMENT

SEXUAL DEVIATION ANALYSIS

ON SHEBA HART’S

CHARACTER IN FILM

NOTES ON A SCANDAL

BY ZOE HELLER

A Thesis

Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

the Degree of Letters Scholar

NUR WIHDA AHDIYATI NURI NIM. 203026002136

Approaved by:

Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum NIP. 150 317 725

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY “SYARIF

HIDAYATULLAH” JAKARTA

2009

LEGALIZATION

This thesis entiled “Sexual Deviation Analysis on Sheba Hart’s Character in

Film Notes on Scandal by Zoe Heller” has been defended before the Letter and Humanities Faculty’s Examination Committee on May 28th, 2009. The thesis has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Strata 1.

Jakarta, May 28th, 2009

Examination Committee

Chair Person, Secretary,

Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd

NIP. 150 299 480 NIP. 150 261 902

Members:

Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum Moh. Supardi, M.Hum

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Jakarta, May 28th2009

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

All praises be to Allah SWT. The real writer’s guide, who

mysteriously guides her in the process of making this thesis. Peace and salutation be upon the greatest prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, companions and adherents.

On this occasion, the writer wants to say many thanks to her beloved parents: Drs. H. Thoyib S, M.Pd and Hj. Siti Rodhiyati that always pray for her success in the night and the day. Their sacrifice will never be equally paid. The writer also wants to give her gratitude to Elve Octafiyani, M. Hum, as the writer advisor for her time, guidance, patient, kindness, and contribution in correcting and helping her in finishing this thesis.

The writer also would like to express the writer’s trustworthygratitude to the following noble persons:

1. Dr. Abdul Chaer, MA, the dean of Letters and Humanities Faculty. 2. Dr. H. Muhammad Farkhan, M. Pd, the head of English Letters

Department.

3. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd, the secretary of English Letters Department.

4. All of the lectures in English Letters Department for their guidance, patience, kindness, and support the writer during study at

State Islamic University “Syarif Hidayatullah”.

5. All staff of the library of Letters and Humanities Faculty, the library of main library of UIN Jakarta, and all staff of the Letters and Humanities Faculty.

6. The writer’s parents, especially for H. Syamsuddin and Hj. Tumih,

Hj. Aslihah and H. Hafidz, H. Hasan and Hj. Syamsiah, umi Siti Wardiyah and babah Djamaluddin and those can not be mentioned

one by one. Thank you so much for your pray, support, great

affection and goodness that very useful for the writer’s motivation.

7. The writer’s inspiration and soul mate: Adam “t@MaNahW@”.

He is the only boy who gives her loves and affections in all sincerity. He is a soulmate always gives her full attention.

8. The writer’s brothers and sisters: Aank, Icko, Rai, D-goy, Neng,

and Oo. Amin, pajri and ‘black’ thank for your help for printing

paper and for searching of her paper data via internet in Rai Net. 9. The writer’s spiritual teacher: ustad Rachmat and Bapak Abdullah

who always offers a prayer for her success.

10.The writer’s close friends, Meutia Sari “mute”, gang of smuthers

and those who can not mentioned one by one.

11. The writer’s friends in the Faculty: Dewi and May for her translate, Adhit, Sarah and Arie and those can not be mentioned one by one.

May Allah, the all-Hearer and all-Knower, bless them all and gives them more that what they have given to the writer. Hopefully, this thesis gives benefit for all people who read it.

Jakarta, May 28th, 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ... i

APPROVEMENT ... ii

LEGALIZATION ... iii

DECLARATION ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ... 1

A. Background of the Study ... 1

B. Focus of the Research ... 3

C. Research Questions ... 4

D. Objectives of the Study ... 4

E. Significances of the Study ... 4

F. Research Methodology ... 4

CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ... 6

A. Character ... 6

B. Abnormal Psychology ... 9

1. Definition of Abnormal Psychology ... 9

2. Sexual Deviation ... 10

CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDING... 19

A. Data Description ………... 19

B. Analysis ….…………... 23

1. The Character of Sheba Hart ... 23

2. Sheba Hart’s Pedophilia ... 27

CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 35

A. Conclusion ... 35

B. Suggestion ... 36

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 37

APPENDIX ... 40

Appendix I ... 40

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Study

Film is a media in the form of audiovisual that shows the work to all people and getting feedback. The Dictionary of Oxford Learner mentioned that the definition of film is a story, which is recorded as a set of moving pictures to play on television or at the cinema; a roll or sheet of thin flexible plastics is sensitive to light, for use in photography.1 The French director Robert Bresson puts in a book ofAn Introduction Film Artis “A film is part of the image are not included in the theatrical version, but they are put into full-frame videos to give a

TV shaped picture.” When the script is hammered out, the idea for the film may be radically modified; the script’s presentation of the action may be drastically changed in shooting; and the material that is shot takes on new significance in the process of assembly.2

There are any films that are adapted from the novel. Film adaptation is the transfer of a written work to a feature film. It is a type of derivate work. A common form of film adaptation is the use of a novel as the basis of a film, but film adaptation includes the use of non-fiction including journalism, autobiography, comic book, scripture, plays and even other films. From the

1

A S Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learners’s Dictionary of Current English,ed. Jonathan Crowther (Oxfrod: Oxford Unioversity Press, 1995), p. 434.

2

David Bordwell and Kristin Thompson,Film Art: An Introduction Seventh Edition(Boston: University of Wisconsin, 2004), p. 20, 22.

earliest days of cinema, adaptation has been nearly citation needed as common as the development of original screenplays.3

There have been instances of novelist who have worked from their own screenplays to create novels at nearly the same time as a film. Both Arthur C. Clarke with A Space Odyssey and Graham Greene with The Third Man have worked from their own film ideas to a novel form. Although the novel version of The Third Man was written more to aid in the development of the screenplay than for the purposes of being released as a novel. Both John Sayles and Ingmar Bergman write their film ideas as novels before they begin producing them as films, although neither director has allowed these prose treatments to be published.

Notes on a Scandalfilm is a 2006 Academy Award-nominated British film

which is Patrick Marber’s fourth produced screenplay. It is a film adapted from

the 2003 novel“Notes on a Scandal”by Zoe Heller. Patrick Marber is an English comedian, a playwright, a director and an actor. Patrick Marber was also sole screenwriter who earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay. Whereas Zoe Heller is an English journalist and novelist.

In this film there are some of the main characters, such as Sheba Hart (Cate Blanchet), Barbara Covett (Judi Dench), Steven Conolly (Andrew Simpson), and Richard Eyre (Bill Nighy). But, the writer chooses Sheba Hart character as an object of the research. This film tells about an affair between a

3

young art teacher, Sheba Hart and her underage pupils, Steven Connolly which is

demolished by Sheba’s colleague teacher, Barbara Covett.

It begins when Barbara, a teacher history at a comprehensive school in London meets the new art teacher, Sheba Hart. Barbara feels drawn to Sheba and is happy to find that Sheba maybe the one. Nevertheless, when Barbara discovers

Sheba’s affair with Steven Conolly, her student in underage pupils, Barbara

confronts her. Then, Sheba asks Barbara not to tell her affair to her family and the school administration until Christmas. Barbara explains that she does not intend to tell as long as Sheba ends the relationship. However, Sheba cannot end her affair with her student until Christmas. Barbara becomes increasingly angry and tells

Sheba’s affair to a fellow teacher, Brian. Finally, Brian reports playground rumor

to Steven’s mother and head of comprehensive school.

Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in analyzing the character of Sheba Hart viewed from the theory of psychology that can be connected with the theory of sexual deviation that refers to Sheba’s pedophilia in

filmNotes on a Scandalby Patrick Marber.

B. Focus of the Research

Sheba Hart’scharacter in film Notes on a Scandal by Zoe Heller is focus of the research.

C. Research Question

Based on the background of the study above, the writer would like to make research question as follow:

How is the Pedophilia described in the character of Sheba Hart in theNotes on a Scandalfilm By Zoe Heller?

D. Objectives of the Study

The objective of this research is to know how the description of pedophilia in the character of Sheba Hart.

E. Significance of the Research

The writer hopes this research can be used for the English Department as one of the references in the studying of the psychology or literary work. The result of this analysis also will help the readers to give the information about abnormal psychology that used to express the Pedophilia in filmNotes on a Scandalby Zoe Heller.

F. Research Methodology 1. Method of the Research

Based on focus of the research above, so the writer uses descriptive qualitative method which tries to analyze and to give enough understand about the facts and the next will be analyzed based on the relevan theory of abnormal psychology.

2. Data Analysis

The collected data are analyzed by using the theory of abnormal psychology. First, the writer gives description about the film Notes on a Scandal.Second, the writer began to analyze the psychological problem of the main character through abnormal psychology concept.

3. Unit Analysis

Unit analysis that is used in this research is the film script ofNotes on a Scandal by Zoe Heller that produced by Scott Rudin and Robert Fox on 2006.

4. Place and Time of the Research

This research has been conducted since the 9th semester 2007 until 2009 in State Islamic University, Jakarta.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

In this research, the writer uses the theory of character and psychology to understand the problem faced by the character of Sheba Hart. The theory of psychology which is used in this research is the theory of abnormal psychology that is related to the sexual deviation.

A. Character

Some films, through both action and dialogue, focus on the clear delineation of a single unique character. Although plot is important in such films, what happens is important primarily because it helps us understand the character being developed. The major appeal of these characters lies in the qualities that set them apart from ordinary people. The theme of such films can best be expressed in a brief description of the central character, with emphasis on the unusual

aspects of the individual’s personality. Characters are the persons presented in

works of narrative who convey their personal qualities through dialogue and action by which the reader or audience understands their thoughts, feelings, intentions and motives.4

To be interested in the film as a whole, characters must seem real, understandable, and worth caring about. For the most part, the characters in a

4

story are believable in the same way that the story is believable. In other words, they conform to the laws of probability and necessity (by reflecting externally observable truth about human nature), they conform to some inner truth (man as we want him to be), or they are made to seem real by the convincing art of the actor.

Characterization in film has a great deal to do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously. The minute we see most actors on the screen, we make certain assumptions about them because of their facial features, dress, physical build, and mannerisms and the way they move. Our first visual impression may be proven erroneous as the story progresses, but it is certainly an important means of establishing character.

Characters in a fictional film naturally reveal a great deal about themselves by what they say. But a great deal is also revealed by how they say it. Their true thoughts, attitudes, and emotions can be revealed in subtle ways through word choice and through the stress, pitch, and pause pattern of their

speech. Actors’ use of grammar, sentence structure, vocabulary, and particular

dialects (if any) reveals a great deal about their characters social and economic level, education background, and mental processes.

The way other characters view a person often serves as an excellent means of characterization. Sometimes, a great deal of information about a character is already provided through such means before the character first appears on the screen. A complex and intriguing characterization is provided through the conversations of other characters.

One other important method of characterization is the use of names possessing appropriate qualities of sound, meaning, or connotation. This technique is known as name typing. A screenwriter usually thinks out his

characters’ names very carefully. Because a great deal of thought goes into the

choice of names, they should not be taken for granted but should be carefully examined for the connotations they communicate.

Another method for analyzing film characterization utilizes three defferent types of pairings:

a) Stock Characters and Stereotypes

Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession. Stereotypes are characters of somewhat greater importance to the film. They fit into preconceived patterns of behavior common to or representative of a large number of people, at least a large number of fictional people.

b) Static versus Developing Characters

Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot (internal, external, or both) and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the story. The change can be of any type but is significant to the total makeup of the individual undergoing the change. Developing characters become sadder or wiser, or happier and more self-confident. They might gain some new awareness of life, become more mature or more responsible, or become more moral or less so.Static charactersremain essentially the same throughout the

film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives (as might generally be the case with the hero of an action/adventure film), or they are insensitive to the meaning of the action and thus are not capable of growth or change.

c) Flat versus Round Characters

Flat characters are two-dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. They often tend to be representative character types rather than real flesh-and-blood human beings.Round characters or three-dimensional charactersare unique, individualistic characters who have some degree of complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be categorized.

B. Abnormal Psychology

1. Definition of Abnormal Psychology

Abnormal psychology is the application of the methods, concepts, principles and findings of general psychology that primarily, the psychology of perception, learning and development, and social psychology- to deviant behaviors and experiences. Abnormal psychology is an attempt to understand and explain the abnormal in the framework of the normal and general.5

Abnormality is all of behaviors or thought processes which are commonly agreed to be bizarre, unusual or odd. In a book of Psychology by

5

Ephraim Rosen, Ronald E. Fox, and Ian Gregory,Abnormal Psychology(Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1972), p. 3.

Diane E. Papalia and Sally Wendkos Olds said that: abnormal “is acting and thinking in an extremely bizarre way,…”6

Since the word abnormal literally mean “away from the normal”, it

implies deviation from some clearly defined norm. Social science offers two ways of distinguishing between the normal and abnormal. One emphasized by sociologists and anthropologists considers the question meaningful only as it

applies to a particular time: abnormal is that which deviates from society’s

norms. The other, stressed more by psychologists, sets as the basic criterion

the individual’s well-being and the maladaptiveness of his or her behavior.7 2. Sexual Deviation

A human is created as a sexual human by God. The wholeness of human is performed in the growth of normal and health sexual. Sexual potential appears in his behavior development. The sexual behavior biologically guarantee the continuity of human existence in the world. It is psychologically give a satisfaction of sexual desire. And socially, it is provided a basis of love and affection between couples according to the glorious values of his faith.

The glorious values which is proven up to know means positive to the

human’s live who is challenged in a widely free lifestyle. The change of

potential influence the people glorious values. There is much sexual deviation with its damaging effect.

6

Diane E. Papalia and Sally Wendkos Olds,Psychology(New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1985), p. 517.

7

Timothy W. Costello, Ph. D. and Joseph T. Costello, Ph. D.,Abnormal Psychology (HarperCollins College: HarperPerenial), p. 2.

The development of erogene zone and libido’s choice often suffer a

disturbance or barrier. The physic sexual development is obstructed due to the abnormal biology’s sex organ and the environment pressure or normal sex

organ with its deviate physic behavior in the environment. In other word, the atmosphere of environment is influenced sexual behavior.

In broadest sense, the term sexual deviation refers to sexual behavior that is different or atypical, that does not follow the prevailing patterns sanctioned by laws or the social mores of the particular society. Since socially sanctioned sexual patterns differ from one culture to another, among subgroups within a given culture, and over time, it is apparent that behavior labeled sexually deviant is not necessarily abnormal or maladaptive in the sense of being inherently detrimental to the individual or to other people.8

From a psychological point of view, a sexual deviation also termed a perversion or paraphilia, is best understood as a failure of psychosexual development. The normal individual progresses from diffuse infantile sexuality that consists of oral, anal, autoerotic, homoerotic, exhibitionistic, voyeuristic, and other components.9

Paraphilias (para-deviation, philia-attraction for) refer to sexual objects

or activities which dominate an individual’s life, but are considered abnormal

or deviant.10 A person can have the behaviors, fantasies, and urges that a person with a paraphilia has (such as exhibiting the genitals to an unsuspecting

8

James C. Coleman,Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life(United State of America: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1976), p. 558.

9

Ephraim Rosen, Ronald E. Fox, and Ian Gregory (1972),op.cit.p. 273

10

Frank B. McMahon and Judith W. McMahon,Abnormal Behavior: Psychology’s View(London: The Dorsey Press, 1983), p. 422.

stranger or fantasizing about doing so) but not be diagnosed with a paraphilia if the fantasies or behaviors are not recurrent or if he/she is not markedly distressed by them.11

There are three points should be noted about the concept of sexual deviation. First, a sexual deviation is relative to the culture, as is a sexual offense. For example, in ancient Greece, homosexuality was not considered a deviation. Second, although most deviations are also sexual offenses, a large number of offenses- for example, extramarital intercourse or nongenital heterosexual foreplay- are not deviations. Third, an important component of the concept of deviation is its stress on persistence in habit patterns. The individual who occasionally departs from normal sexual behavior is very different from the persistent deviate.12

Sexual behavior varies in (1) the intensity of the drive and the frequency of its gratification; (2) the mode of gratification; (3) the sexual object; and (4) the context within which the drive is aroused and gratified. A category of sexual deviation corresponds to each of these four dimensions. 1) In nymphomania, satyriasis and promiscuity there is excessive sexual activity, with inadequate attention to time, place or object.

2) The nature or mode of the sexual act-the “sexual aim of the impulse,” in Freud’s language- is deviant in masturbation, oro-genital or ono-genital activity, voyeurism, exhibitionism, transvestism (obtaining sexual gratification by wearing clothing appropriate to the opposite sex), sadism and forcible rape,

11

Gerald C. Davison, John M. Neale, and Ann M. Kring,Abnormal Psychology(United State of America: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2004), p. 441.

12

and masochism. Each mode of sexual activity may occur with a variety of different sexual objects. For example, in autoerotic masturbation the individual is his own object; in mutual masturbation the object may be an adult of the same sex, an adult of the opposite sex, a child and so forth.

3) The object of the sexual act is deviant in homosexuality, fetishism, preference for children (pedophilia), bestiality (Zoophilia), incest and so forth. 4) The social and physical contexts are deviant in prostitution. The use of pornography is not a sexual deviation unless such materials come to take the place of a live sexual object.

3. Pedophilia

Pedophilia is from the Greek languagepaidos that means a child. The main characteristic of pedophilia is the recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children. To get the diagnosed of pedophilia, a person must be at least 16 and at least 5 years older than the child.13 Some people with pedophilia are sexually attracted to children only, and some are aroused by both children and adults (APA, 2000).14

Although there are relatively few reports of females with pedophilia, they do exist (Arndt, 1991: Rowan, 1988). Glynis Whiting produced an in-depth investigation on one of the most under-reported crimes in North

America. Ms. Whiting wrote and directed a provocative documentary, “When

13

Jeffrey S Nevid, Spencer A. Rathus, and Beverly Greene,Psikologi Abnormal/Edisi kelima jilid 2(Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 2003), p. 82.

14

Bryan Strong …(et al.),Human Sexuality: Diversity in Contemporary America-5thed.(New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2005), p. 336.

Girls Do It: The Story of Female Sex Predators”. As Ms. Whiting states, “We

are always shocked to hear stories of sexual abuse, but it seems all the more

disturbing when the abusers are women.”15

Boys are especially harmed when they are victims of sexual abuse by women. Our culture will still refuses to accept that sexual abuse happens to girls and may even blame the female child or adolescent when it does. When sexual abuse happens to a boy society blames him, but in a different way. One of the most harmful cultural beliefs is that sexual abuse to boys by women is harmless. Women are viewed as maternal and nurturing. Because of these stereotypes, women are given greater freedom than men in touching children and expressing feelings for them. As a consequence, when a female with pedophilia embraces, kisses, or caresses a child, her behavior may be viewed as nurturing rather than sexual. But when a male not having pedophilia does the same thing, his behavior may be misinterpreted as sexual.

There are four types and several characteristics proposed of adult female sexual offenders who sexually abuse children and teens based on the information from reports of the Safer Society Press by Allen C. (1991) about Women and Men Who Sexually Abuse Children in A Comparative Analysis.16 Four types of adult female sexual offenders:

a) Predisposed familial offender: An adult female family member who has a history of trauma and is predisposed to sexual offending and other types of child maltreatment as an outcome of her own history of sexual abuse and

15

http://sexual-abuse.suite101.com/article.cfm/female_sex_offenders/September 5, 2009.

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violence. This typology would include a woman who is currently the victim of domestic violence by a male who is also sexually offending. This category recognizes the risk of previous and current victimization in the developmental pathway to sexual offending for females either alone or with a partner.

b) Developmentally delayed offender: An adult female who indicates a developmental delay that is diagnosed by a standardized test or assessment. This category recognizes the impact developmental problems and organic syndromes can have on a history of sexual offending for this group of females as well as their risk for a history of sexual victimization.

c) Child exploiter offender: An adult female who is a non-family member and has a history of exploiting her dominant relationship or authority status with a child or adolescent. This category recognizes the cognitive distortions that may be distinct to this category of female offender in terms of believing that her sexual abuse of a child or teen is based on mutual attraction and love interests rather than on planned manipulation of a minor for her own sexual and emotional gratification.

d) Violent female offender: An adult female who primarily uses physical coercion to commit her sexual offenses and may share characteristics of the above categories of typology. These women most often resemble the predatory type of aggressive sex offender who has a predominant need for power and control over her victim.

Several characteristics of female sex offenders:

a) The majority of women who are reported are between 22 to 33 years of age. But Mohr et al (1962) found a distinct trimodal age distribution, with peaks in adolescence, the thirties and the fifties. The adolescence were retarded psychosexually and socially. The thirties were tended to regression, severe marital and social maladjustment and alcoholism. The oldest were characterized by loneliness and either actual impotence or concern about impotence.17

b) A high percentage of females who commit sexual abuse have experienced sexual abuse as children or teens and can have victimization histories twice the rate of men who sexually offend.

c) They often have a history of alcohol and or drug abuse.

d) A high percentage of females are in the family or the perpetrator is close to the victim- friend, teacher, coach, sitter, clergy.

e) A majority are employed in professional jobs or as manager.

f) Women do not tend to show a victim age preference in the same manner that male sex offenders do.

g) Most of them have married or divorce and have child.

The causes of pedophilia are complex and vary. A number of cases are suitable with weak, lazy, a rigid social relationship people stereotype and a solitary who is threatened of adult relationship and turn into the child to get the sexual satisfaction with children(Ames & Houston, 1990). In the number

17

of other cases, it can be a sexual experience in the age of child with another child which felt fun, so that, the person wants to feel the joy of his past. However, in some pedophilia case, the molested person is now able to turn back the situation as an effort to get the feeling of hold the power.

Based on a book of Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life by James C. Coleman, there are four causal categories that based on: (a) an intensive study of 38 pedophiliac offenders living in a segregated treatment center (Cohen, Seghorn & Calmas, 1969), and (b) in-depth interviews with many pedophiliacs, some of whom had managed to avoid arrest and others who had been arrested and served time (Rossman, 1973).

a)The personally immature offender, who has never been able to establish or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with male or female peers during his adolescent, young adult, or adult life. This way by far the most common type. He is sexually comfortable only with children, and in most cases knows the victim. Usually the act is not impulsive but begins with a type of disarming courtship which eventually leads to sexual play. Either male or female children may be the victims.

b) The regressed offender, who during adolescence shows apparently normal development, with good peer relationships and some dating behavior and heterosexual experiences.

“However, throughout this period there exist increasing

feelings of masculine inadequacy in sexual and nonsexual activities. And, as he enters adulthood, his social, occupational, and marital adjustment is quite tenuous and marginal. There is frequently a history of an inability to deal with the normal stresses of adult life and alcoholic episodes

become increasingly more frequent and result in the breakdown of a relatively stable marital, social and work adjustment. In almost all instances the pedophilic acts are precipitated by some direct confrontation of his sexual adequacy by an adult female or some threat to his masculine

image by a male peer.” (Cohen, Seghorn, & Calmas, 1969, p.

251).

c) The “conditioned” offender. Included here are individuals who have had their definitive sexual experiences with young boys. This conditioned behavior continues into adulthood in terms of sexual preference. These individuals are usually callous and exploitive in their sexual behavior in search of vulnerable children.

d) The psychopsthic offender. The individuals here are psychopathic personalities who prey on children in search of new sexual thrills. This category includes aggressive psychopaths whose behavior is motivated by both aggressive and sexual components. Such offenders usually have a history of antisocial behavior and could be described as hostile, aggressive psychopaths. Ordinarily they select a boy as the object of their aggression. Psychopaths, particularly those who use coercion are prone to denying their offenses or placing the blame on their victims.18

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDING

A. Data Description

In this chapter, the writer would like to analyze the character of Sheba Hart. The writer begins the analysis from physical appearance of Sheba Hart, and her behavior that can be seen from her thought, her statements and her interaction with other character. Then, the writer would like to discuss about the character of Sheba Hart that shows the symptom of Pedophilia. The writer tries to describe her behavior that shows the symptom of Pedophilia.

These are the data that the writer is going to use:

Page Number

Corpus Explanation

Character Pedophilia

24

Richard:You have been gone ages.

Sheba: Barbara was a little… Some school thing. How’s his

nibs.

Richard: Still awake. He’s madly

excited. I said he could stay up for you.

Sheba: And Polly?

Rischard: Depressed. Pete phoned.

They had a row and he’s not

coming tomorrow.

Sheba: Did you think he’s bad

news?

Richard: Well, these older men can be very dodgy.

Polly: Did Daddy tell you? He’s

gonna bin me. I know it.

Sheba: you’re very lovely, darling. He’s very clever enough to

kind-hearted, friendly, patient, attentive and well nurtured

appreciate it.

Polly: I’m fat as fuck, mum. Sheba: he’ll be back.

Polly: I can’t live without him

25

Sheba: Belated Christmas present. Barbara:Thank You. Oh, my word. Asprey.

Sheba: How is she?

Barbara: You are the most wonderful friend.

kind-hearted, friendly, and attentive

26

Barbara: Do you fancy a coffee? Sheba: Yeah. Sue! Do you want to join us for a coffee?

Sue: Great. I’ve got a bit of an

announcement. ...

Barbara:You’re pregnant?

Sheba: That’s fantastic.

Congratulation. When are you due?

Sue: June 7.

Sheba: The summer baby. How lovely.

Sue: I can’t believe nobody’s noticed. I’m 14 weeks. Didn’t you see how chunky I’m getting?

Sheba: Didn’t like to say. Where are you having it?

Sue: Homerton. It’s really nice

there. Lovely, friendly nurses.

kind-hearted, friendly, and attentive

26

Steven: Miss, would you have a look at me drawings?

Sheba: I will look in class. You do art, do not you?

Steven: I am not allowed. I am special needs. I gotta do extra reading instead.

Sheba: Did you do these at home? These are good. You can draw.

…

Sheba: I said that I would teach him after school, but only if he felt

like it. It is our job, isn’t it?

kind-hearted, friendly, patient, attentive and well nurtured

Manipulation towards

Sheba’s

characteristic

27 Barbara: The day we met, it had already begun?

Sheba: Yes.

Sheba does sexual intercourse

Barbara: And you had further relations that day?

Sheba: we went to the art room.

27

Steven: Evening, Miss. Make yourself comfortable.

… (They does sexual intercourse) Steven: You’re into The Streets?

Sheba: Well, my daughter is. Steven: Is she the same age as me? Sheba: None of your beeswax. Steven: Well, anyway, the point is

you’re fit.

Sheba: Well, so are you. … You’he done my brain in.

Steven: You wanna do it again? Sheba: What? Yes. I wanna do it again. I wanna do it again.

Sheba does sexual intercourse

30

Sheba: Mr. Connolly. I’m Mrs. Hart from St. George’s. Steven’s

not in trouble. I need to talk to him

about an art project….

Steven’s father: Yeah. Come in.

Come in.

Sheba: Thank you.

Steven’s father: It’s just upstairs there. It’s good of you to give him extra lesson. It’s the first on your left. It’s… It’s probably best to

knock.

Attentive and well nurtured

Manipulation towards

Sheba’s

characteristic

25

Steven: Any good?

Sheba: It’s a masterpiece. Don’t

they teach you anything? We used to worship her. Take it off.

Steven: What’s it for?

Sheba:Just, take it off, please. I’m

still making it.

Steven: Yeah, but why? Sheba:It’s for my son. Steven:But he’s 12, isn’t it?

Sheba: He’s got down’s syndrome.

kind-hearted, patient, attentive and well nurtured

Sheba does sexual intercourse

32

Barbara: She spoke of her vile mother, her grief over the death of her father the glory days when Richard scooped her up. And then jettisoned wife and children for what she called a nonstop fuckfest.

Sheba faces more deep-seated personality conflict and frustation

It is a peculiar trait of the privileged: immediate incautious intimacy. But Sheba went well beyond the tendencies of her class. She was utterly candid, a novice confessing to the mother superior. Sheba: You know, marriage and kids, I mean, it is wonderful, but it does not give you meaning. It gives you an imperative but it does

not help you… My father always used to say, you know, on the tube, “mind the gap”. I do not

know. It is just the distance between life as you dream it and life as it is.

33

Barbara: It must be exhausting, running a family and teaching as

well…

Sheba: I can not wait for term to end. Rol on Christmas and a month of sod all. I should not have kidded my self I could teach.

It is just that I have…I have spent

the last ten years looking after Ben, and I was so desperate to get out and do something. And finally we get him into this great local school and I am free to work. Barbara: You’re gonna be a

terrific teacher.

Sheba: Thanks. But I’m bloody

hopeless, and everyone knows it.

Sheba faces more deep-seated personality conflict and frustation

31

Steven: Thank you, Miss. You’re

beautiful, Miss. You don’t know

how beautiful you are.

Sheba: I hadn’t been pursued like

this for years. I knew it was wrong and immoral and completely

ridiculous, but I don’t know. I just

allowed it to happen.

They have mutual attraction and love interest.

B. Analysis

1. The Character of Sheba Hart

Pedophilia is not mentally ill in terms of suffering from a psychotic disorder.19 Not psychologically at ease in usual heterosexual relationship,…

paraphiliacs resort to abnormal sexual activity.20In Notes on a Scandal, Sheba Hart is the main character has a very important role in developing the story. Sheba Hart portrayed as a female has almost perfect personalities like kind-hearted, friendly, patient, attentive and well nurtured that is no relevant to her naughty behavior and deviate with a prepubescent child.

Sheba Hart is a female art teacher at a London Comprehensive School. She is almost forty-one years old and a wife from a sixty years old man, Richard Eyre who works as a teacher. Sheba Hart has two stepchildren, they are Polly who is about seventeen years old and Benjamin who is about eleven

years old and has Down’s syndrome.

Sheba Hart is a beautiful woman. She has blonde hair and white and fair skin. She also has a sharp well-formed nose, bright eyes with blue eyeball and a sharp cheekbone. She has a slim body, too. Although Sheba is not appeared take care of her body, but she has an attractive in physical appearance. In her routine, she is seldom to use more make-up. She just uses the natural and standard make-up like face powder and lipstick. Sheba never wears the clothes and accessories that appear luxurious. She often wears the small blouses with bright colors.

19

http://www.healing4women.com,Op.cit, (September 5, 2009)

20

Besides attractive in physical appearance, Sheba has almost perfect personalities as a kind-hearted, friendly, patient, attentive and well nurtured. In her family, Sheba shows her kind-hearted, her patient, her attentive and her well-nurtured characteristic. The dialogue beneath is all of her characteristic that shows her interest to her family. (See the subtitle on the page 54)

Richard: You have been gone ages.

Sheba: Barbara was a little… Some school thing. How’s his nibs. Richard: Still awake. He’s madly excited. I said he could stay up for you.

Sheba: And Polly?

Rischard: Depressed. Pete phoned. They had a row and he’s not

coming tomorrow.

Sheba: Did you think he’s bad news?

Richard: Well, these older men can be very dodgy.

Polly: Did Daddy tell you? He’s gonna bin me. I knowit.

Sheba: you’re very lovely, darling. He’s very clever enough to

appreciate it.

Polly: I’m fat as fuck, mum. Sheba: he’ll be back.

Polly: I can’t live without him

For her children, Sheba performs her role as an attentive mother and well nurtured. Sheba tries to compose Polly and gives a warmth hug when Polly has a problem. Whereas Ben, Sheba has to extra patient in caring Ben who faces down’s syndrome. Ben can not sleep before Sheba came back to her

home. It proved that Sheba was very loved by her children caused by her kind-hearted and her interest. Moreover, when Ben did follow his performer in a drama at his school, Sheba waxes enthusiastic to make a magician hat for performer of Ben. (See the picture F.1.1 and F.1.2 on the page 97 and the subtitle on the page 57)

Steven: Any good?

Sheba: It’s a masterpiece. Don’t they teach you anything? We used to

worship her. Take it off.

Steven: What’s it for?

Sheba:Just, take it off, please. I’m still making it.

Steven: Yeah, but why? Sheba:It’s for my son. Steven:But he’s 12, isn’t it?

Sheba: He’s got down’s syndrome.

Sheba Hart also has a kind-hearted, friendly and attentive characteristic toward her friends. Although Sheba knows that Barbara21 is a lesbian, Sheba never insults and hurts her feeling. Even, she is kind-hearted and attentive to Barbara. For example, Sheba is willing to accompany Barbara while she needs a friend. Sheba often invites Barbara for lunch or dinner with

her family. Sheba also gives all plate of Sheba’s art created and Christmas

price that is Asprey to Barbara. (See the subtitle on the page 56) Sheba: Belated Christmas present.

Barbara: Thank You. Oh, my word. Asprey. Sheba: How is she?

Barbara: You are the most wonderful friend.

Beside to Barbara, Sheba also has a close relationship with Sue. Sheba shows her friendship and her caring to Sue. Sheba often accompanies Sue for lunch after teaching. Beside that, Sheba also shows her enthusiasm when she hears that Sue is pregnant. Sheba hugs Sue excitingly. It shows that Sheba is a kind-hearted, friendly and attentive person. (See the picture F. 1.3on the page 73 and the subtitle on the page 44)

21

Barbara is a lesbianism who is neither a reliable nor a disinterested. She is an unmarried and a lonely woman in her early sixties. She is eager to find a special close friend. However, she knows that she has been unable to make a previous friendship last as she was accused of being possessive, domineering and demanding

Barbara: Do you fancy a coffee?

Sheba: Yeah. Sue! Do you want to join us for a coffee?

Sue: Great. I’ve got a bit of an announcement.

...

Barbara:You’re pregnant?

Sheba:That’s fantastic. Congratulation. When are you due? Sue: June 7.

Sheba: The summer baby. How lovely.

Sue: I can’t believe nobody’s noticed. I’m 14 weeks. Didn’t you see how chunky I’m getting?

Sheba: Didn’t liketo say. Where are you having it?

Sue: Homerton.It’s really nice there. Lovely, friendly nurses.

Whereas to her student, as a teacher, Sheba wants to do well something for her student. Moreover, when Steven complained to Sheba that he is not allowed to join the art study because he is a stupid student. Then, Sheba

attempts to discuss about Steven’s desire to the headmaster so that Steven may

follow the art class. When the headmaster refuses the demand of Sheba, Sheba gives the extra study for Steven. It also shows that Sheba is a kind-hearted, an attentive person and well nurtured. (See the picture F. 1.4 on the page 73 and the subtitle on the page 49)

Steven: Miss, would you have a look at me drawings? Sheba: I will look in class. You do art, do not you?

Steven: I am not allowed. I am special needs. I gotta do extra reading instead.

Sheba: Did you do these at home? These are good. You can draw.

…

Sheba: I said that I would teach him after school, but only if he felt

like it. It is our job, isn’t it?

Based on the explained above, out appearance of Sheba shows that Sheba has a good and perfect behavior. Sheba always shows her cheerfulness in the face of her family and friends. But why Sheba does the sexual deviation that tends to pedophilia.

2. Sheba Hart’s Pedophilia

Pedophilia, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is specified as a form of pedophilia in which a person either has acted on intense sexual urges towards children, or experiences recurrent sexual urges towards and fantasies about children.22 Sheba has the recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with Steven. Sheba and Steven often doing the sexual activity in many places. In the first sexual intercourse happens in the art room at their school. (See the subtitle on the page 52)

Barbara: The day we met, it had already begun? Sheba: Yes.

Barbara: And you had further relations that day? Sheba: we went to the art room.

In the second sexual intercourse happens in the train track. Sheba was lying of Richard and said that she would meet Barbara. In there, Sheba and Steven are very enjoying in their sexual intercourse. (See the subtitle on the page 51)

Steven: Evening, Miss. Make yourself comfortable.

… (They does sexual intercourse)

Steven: You’re into The Streets?

Sheba: Well, my daughter is. Steven: Is she the same age as me? Sheba: None of your beeswax.

Steven: Well, anyway, the point is you’re fit.

Sheba: Well, so are you. … You’he done my brain in. Steven: You wanna do it again?

Sheba: What? Yes. I wanna do it again. I wanna do it again.

22

The second dialogue is different with the first dialogue. In the second dialogue, Sheba does sexual intercourse until twice. Sheba admires Steven to do sexual intercourse again. It proves that Sheba has the recurrent intense sexual urges. She is happy to say,“I wanna do it again”.

Then, Sheba kisses Steven in the garage of Sheba’s house. Steven comes to Sheba’s house, saying Happy Christmas and giving a necklace as a gift. In the next day, Sheba and Steven do sexual intercourse in her own room

of Sheba’s house. In there, Sheba only wears a sweeter without shorts whereas

Steven is naked.

To a pedophilia, diagnostic criteria for pedophilia is over a period of at least six months.23 As someone does sexual abuse to a child, Sheba is a pedophile more than that over a period of six month. Moreover, she does sexual intercourse almost one year. She starts her sexual since the first time to make the acquaintance with Steven until at the end of his study. The dialogue on the page of twenty six means that Sheba does the sexual intercourse since

she first time to make the acquaintance with Steven. Sheba answers “yes” when Barbara asks “the day we met, it had already begun?”.

The dialogue beneath explain that Sheba has relationship with Steven for a year and she does not cut her relationship.It is causes of Barbara’s anger.

Barbara: There’s someone in your garden!He came over the wall.

Sheba: Ow.. It’s probably the neighbour boy, lost his football.

Barbara: No, he’s going into the summer house! Sheba: It’s just a kid from next door. Forget it.

(Steven calls Sheba but Barbara is receive Steven’s call)

23

Steven:Where are you? I’ve been dreaming about your hot, sweet cunt

all morning. Hello? Hello?

Sheba: Richard’s on his way home. No, I can’t. No, I can’t. I’ll call

you.Barbara! Barbara! I’m sorry. I’m sorry. I’m sorry, Bar. …(See the subtitle on the page 58)

Pete: I’m going to be a wizard.

Barbara: Is that when you’re grown up?

Sheba: No. He’s been cast in his school play. Pete: I gonna wear a cape and my wand....

Richard: amongst next year’s cultural highlights, I greatly look

forward to Benjamin Hart in the key role of “The Wizard”, and I find

myself beside myself with anticipation.

…(See the subtitle on the page 46)

Barbara: I’ve got to go back to the vet’s after it’s done. Will you come with me? I can’t on my own.

Sheba: Of course I would. It’s just that Ben’s doing his play at his school… We’re all going. We’re late, actually.

Barbara: Someone has died!

Sheba:I… I know. And it’s terribly sad.

Barbara: You owe me this!

Sheba: I would if I could. I’m desperately sorry about Portia, but you

can see, I have to go.

Barbara: Think very carefully, madam. Be aware of the consequences. (See the subtitle on the page 61)

Sheba finished her relationship with Steven after Barbara disappointed by Sheba repeatedly. To the first dialogue, Sheba lies to Barbara for two cases. The first cases are Sheba said that someone were in her one own’s room is a child’s neighbourhood. The other cases are Sheba said that she would finish her relationship with Steven, but until this time, Sheba is not finished her relationship yet. Then, Richard’s said on the dialogue “amongst next year’s

cultural highlights, I greatly look forward to Benjamin Hart in the key role of

“The Wizard”” explained that Sheba finished her relationship with Steven is on the next year. When Ben plays in a drama, the conflict happened between Sheba and Barbara. After Barbara is really disappointed by Sheba, finally,

Barbara tells Sheba’s relationship with Steven to Brian forBarbara has said on

“Think very carefully, madam. Be aware of the consequences”.Finally, Brian

reports Sheba’s affair to headmaster until Sheba getting punishment in the

prison.

Boys are especially harmed when he is victim of sexual abuse by women. One of the most harmful cultural beliefs is that sexual abuse to boys by women is harmless because women are viewed as maternal and nurturing. Because of these stereotypes, women are given greater freedom than men in touching children and expressing feelings for them. As a consequence, when a female with pedophilia embraces, kisses, or caresses a child, her behaviour may be viewed as nurturing rather than sexual and its happen to Sheba.

As the dialogue page twenty six about Sheba’s say on”I said that I

would teach him after school, but only if he felt like it. It is our job, isn’t it?”

is a manipulation. Her job becomes her reason of her sexual to Steven. She wants viewed as a good teacher and a good nurturing whereas she has a sexual abuse with her student. The dialogue beneath is also describing about a good

Sheba’s nurtured.(See the subtitle on the page 58)

Sheba: Mr. Connolly. I’m Mrs. Hart from St. George’s. Steven’s not in

trouble.I need to talk to him about an art project…. Steven’s father: Yeah. Come in. Come in.

Sheba: Thank you.

Steven’s father: It’s just upstairs there. It’s good of you to give him extra lesson. It’s the first on your left. It’s… It’s probably best to

Steven’s father considers that Sheba would give an extra study for

Steven. He also considers that Sheba is a good nurtured. As the theory mentions that, there is no suspicion for Sheba as a woman when she does sexual abuse to a child. Sheba comes to meet Steven to solve their problem.

Sheba is a female sexual offender that exploiting her dominant relationship or authority status with a child based on mutual attraction and love interest tends to her sexual gratification. The dialogue beneath proves that they have love one each other. Sheba says, “I just allowed it to happen” to

show that they have a sexual relationship. As a teacher, Sheba exploits her dominant relationship or her authority status to a student for her sexual gratification. (See the picture F. 2.1 on the page 73 and the subtitle on the page 50)

Steven: Thank you, Miss. You’re beautiful, Miss. You don’t know

how beautiful you are.

Sheba: I hadn’t been pursued like thisfor years. I knew it was wrong and immoral and completely ridiculous, but I don’t know. I just

allowed it to happen.

As well as the previous theory, Pedophilia is the act of fondling a child sexually or attempting intercourse with one. There is emotional immaturity and one can also suspect the remote cause specified by Kaplan; that is more deep-seated personality conflicts and frustrations from which relief is sought.24 It is same cases with what said by Dr. Barbara Turner in online classes of Books on Sandplay Therapy that a variety of different theories exists as to the causes of pedophilia. Some researches attribute pedophilia to

24

arrested emotional development; that is, the pedophile is attracted to children because he or she has never matured psychologically.25

Sheba’s life before married with Richard is very freedom. It showed by her appearances likes a naughty young. She portrays as a free sex girls. Moreover, she meets Richard in the sex party where in there certainly exist drinks and prostitutes or sexual activities. To theory of pedophilia, there is one of the characteristic of pedophile which is they often have a history of alcohol or drug abuse. The dialogue between Barbara and Sheba shows that Sheba finds Richard in the sexual party. (See the subtitle on the page 48)

Barbara: She spoke of her vile mother, her grief over the death of her father the glory days when Richard scooped her up. And then jettisoned wife and children for what she called a nonstop fuckfest. It is a peculiar trait of the privileged: immediate incautious intimacy. But Sheba went well beyond the tendencies of her class. She was utterly candid, a novice confessing to the mother superior.

Sheba: You know, marriage and kids, I mean, it is wonderful, but it does not give you meaning. It gives you an imperative but it does not

help you… My father always used to say, you know, on the tube,

“mind the gap”. I do not know. It is just the distance between life as

you dream it and life as it is.

The underlined dialogue on fuckfest word in “…and then jettisoned

wife and children for what she called a nonstop fuckfest”is sexual party. She meets Richard when she has deep-seated personality conflict after her father die. She was drifted inexorably when her father died. After she married with Richard, she faces deep-seated personality conflicts and frustration. Apparently, her marriage never makes her life free. It also expressed by Sheba to Barbara in the underlined dialogue on “You know, marriage and kids, I

25

mean, it is wonderful, but it does not give you meaning. It gives you an

imperative but it does not help you…”. It proves that Sheba has more deep-seated personality conflicts and frustration. This cases is also performed on the dialogue beneath that Sheba tired with her condition and wanting a freedom. (See the subtitle on the page 47)

Barbara: It must be exhausting, running a family and teaching as

well…

Sheba: I can not wait for term to end. Rol on Christmas and a month of sod all. I should not have kidded my self I could teach. It is just that I

have…I have spent the last ten years looking after Ben, and I was so desperate to get out and do something. And finally we get him into this great local school and I am free to work.

Barbara: You’re gonna be a terrific teacher.

Sheba: Thanks. But I’m bloody hopeless, and everyone knows it.

Her statement about marriage was agreed with her condition of her play in this movie. She was giving her love and affection all to her family but it does contrary. She never was getting love and affection from her family. Moreover, She must take care both of her stepchildren who are not easy likes

her own child. She must patient with her son faces down’s syndrome and her

daughter is often rebellious and whereas her husband is very indifferent. Her husband, Richard is a very busy person with his job. So, Sheba is not getting the suitable of sexual intercourse and Sheba’s opportunity to do sexual

intercourse with Richard is limited.

It proves that Sheba needs a freedom to do something. All pressure in her life led her to pedophilia. Nevertheless, she has never been able to establish or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationship with male. She has never been able to express that she needs sexual intercourse from Richard. The

dialogue beneath is the Richard’s express shows that Sheba has never been

able to express her needs. (See the subtitle on the page 69)

Richard: I knew who you were when we meet. You were young, and I

knew it might get tough but I was prepared. You’re a good mother, but at times you’ve been a fucking lousy wife. Why didn’t you come to

me? You could have told me how lonely you were. You never trusted

me to help you. I’m not saying I was so fucking fabulous, but I was

here.

It means that Sheba is a personally immature offender. She has sexually comfortable only with children who she knows, that are her student. Here, nevertheless the regressed and maladjustment faces the pressure her life taken Sheba of her pedophilia. Like in the theory mentions about half of people with pedophilia report stressful events, such as marital or work conflict, personal loss or rejection and manifested considerable disturbance in reality perception particularly under the influence of alcohol.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

After analyzing the character of Sheba Hart in chapter three, the writer drew a conclusion that Sheba Hart suffered Pedophilia. It can be seen from the symptoms which refer to Pedophilia. Sheba faces Pedophilia influenced by the stressful events that she gets from her family and friends. It is influenced by her immaturity and maladjustment faces pressure her life.

Because of these more deep-seated personality and frustration, Sheba has the recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child, Steven. They do the sexual activities in many places. Basically, Sheba is not mentally ill in terms of suffering from a psychotic disorder, she resorts to abnormal sexual activity. Therefore, although she has pedophilia with her student, she has also a kind-hearted, friendly, patient, attentive and well-nurtured characteristic. But, her good characteristic was not responded by her beloved family. She never was getting attention and affection from her family, especially from her husband. It is causes Sheba has pedophilia. Nevertheless, the immaturity and maladjustment faces the pressure in her life taken Sheba of her pedophilia. As someone did sexual abuse to a child, Sheba has pedophile more than that over a period of six months. She starts her sexual since the first time to make the acquaintance with Steven until at the end of his study.

B. Suggestion

The Notes on a Scandalare produced by Scott Rudin and Robert Fox production house that portray about psychological conflict. InNotes on a Scandal, Sheba described as someone who has good personalities and deviance to do sexual abuse toward a prepubescent child.

This research is just one way to interpret a literature. The movie can be analyzed from many points of view, but in this opportunity, the writer uses general of abnormal psychology theory to analyze it and proving the pedophilia conflicts that contained on it. The writer does suggest the readers who are interested in the movie to conduct deeper study relating with abnormal psychology in literary works, to read and access some sources from various books and sites. Reading the literary analysis which written by many authors will also be helpful in understanding the abnormal psychology in a literary work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Boggs, Joseph M and Dennis W, Petrie, The Art of Watching Films. USA: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000.

Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristin, Film Art: An Introduction Seventh Edition. Boston: University of Wiconsin, 2004.

Coleman, James C, Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life. USA: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1976.

Costello, Timothy W Ph.D and Costello, Joseph T Ph.D, Abnormal Psychology. Harper Collins College: Harper Perenial.

Davison, Gerald C, Neale, John M, and Kring, Ann M, Abnormal Psychology. USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2004.

Farkhan, Muhammad, Proposal Penelitian Bahasa Dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella,2007.

Farkhan, Muhammad,Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: Cella, 2007.

Hornby, A.S,Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

McMahon, Frank B and McMahon, Judith W,Abnormal Behavior: Psychology’s

View. London: The Dorsey Press, 1983.

Nevid, Jeffrey S, Rathus, Spencer A, and Greene, Beverly, Psikologi Abnormal/Edisi kelima jilid 2. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 2003.

Papalia, Diane E and Wendkos Olds, Sally, Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1985.

Rosen, Ephraim, Fox, Ronald E and Gregory, Ian, Abnormal Psychology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1972.

Sarason, Irwin G and Sarason, Barbara R,Abnormal Psychology: The Problem of Maladaptive Behavior. Washington: Upper Saddle River, 2002.

Sdorow, Lester M and Rickabaugh, Cheryl A, Psychology. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002.

Strong,Bryan…(et al.),Human Sexuality: Diversity in Contemporary America 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2005.

Telford, Charles W and Sawrey, James M, Psychology as a Natural Science: A Concise Introduction to the Fundamentals of Behavior. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1972.

Zimbardo, G Philip,Psychology and Life. USA: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1985.

WEBSITE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_adaptation (accessed on March 11, 2009) http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/LTCharacter.html (accessed on March 11, 2009) http://sexual-abuse.suite101.com/article.cfm/female_sex_offenders (accessed on September 5, 2009)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedophilia#History-of-the-term (accessed on March 11, 2009)

http://www.healing4women.com/media/female/sex/offenders/Duncan.pdf (accessed on September 5, 2009)

http://www.minddisorders.com/Ob-Ps/Pedophilia (accessed on September 5, 2009)

APPENDIX

Appendix I

The subtitle of film“Notes on a Scandal”By Zoe Heller received from: http://www.moviesubtitles.org/subtitle-5628.html.

00:00:44,711 --> 00:00:46,804 [Children Chattering]

00:01:04,497 --> 00:01:08,558

[Barbara Narrating]: People have

always trusted me with their secrets. 00:01:08,668 --> 00:01:11,899 But who do I trust with mine? 00:01:12,005 --> 00:01:15,964 You. Only you.

00:01:47,974 --> 00:01:51,375 The first day of a new term. 00:01:52,946 --> 00:01:56,507

Here come the local pubescent proles... 00:01:56,616 --> 00:01:59,141

the future plumbers and shop assistants...

00:01:59,252 --> 00:02:02,653 and doubtless the odd terrorist too. 00:02:02,755 --> 00:02:05,485 [Shouting, Chattering]

00:02:05,592 --> 00:02:09,494 In the old days, we confiscated cigarettes and wank mags. 00:02:09,596 --> 00:02:12,656 Now it's knives and crack cocaine. 00:02:15,235 --> 00:02:17,897 And they call it progress. 00:02:18,004 --> 00:02:20,973 [Boy]: Roger!

00:02:21,074 --> 00:02:24,043 [Boy]: Piss off!

Headmaster: - Tony. Tony.

00:02:24,144 --> 00:02:27,136 Mrs. Hart, art department. 00:02:27,247 --> 00:02:30,876

Barbara: 1517, Martin Luther nails his 95 points...

00:02:30,984 --> 00:02:35,216 to a church door in Wittenberg-00:02:35,321 --> 00:02:38,017 [School Bell Rings]

00:02:40,193 --> 00:02:42,127 [Girl]: Poison granny. 00:02:47,834 --> 00:02:50,701 Piss off, you prick.

00:02:50,803 --> 00:02:54,534 Headmaster: Before we begin, for those of you who haven't delivered your reports..

00:02:54,641 --> 00:02:56,973

Please lob them in my general direction. 00:02:57,076 --> 00:02:59,340

Thank you, Bill. Thank you, Mary.

00:02:59,445 --> 00:03:02,346 Thank you, John.

Thank you, Elaine.

00:03:02,448 --> 00:03:06,214 Ah. Has everyone met our new art teacher, Sheba Hart?

00:03:06,319 --> 00:03:09,379 Sheba: Hello.

Headmaster: I've asked Sheba to sit

in on this meeting.

00:03:09,489 --> 00:03:12,253 As you all know, I regard the arts... 00:03:12,358 --> 00:03:15,794 as absolutely essential to our policy of reform through nurture.

00:03:15,895 --> 00:03:17,795 Thank you, Chris.

00:03:17,897 --> 00:03:19,797 Very good. Very good.

Ah, thank you, Sue.

00:03:19,899 --> 00:03:22,129 I say, that's a big one, isn't it? 00:03:22,235 --> 00:03:24,404

Sue: I'll be up till the crack of dawn.

[Chuckles]

00:03:24,404 --> 00:03:25,769 I'll be up till the crack of dawn. [Chuckles]

00:03:25,872 --> 00:03:28,306

Headmaster: Anyone else not handed

in their homework? Right. 00:03:28,408 --> 00:03:31,104 And, uh, thank you.

00:03:31,211 --> 00:03:33,145 Lovely. Thank you.

00:03:35,415 --> 00:03:37,440 Barbara?

00:03:44,891 --> 00:03:47,758 This is your report? On the history department?

00:03:47,860 --> 00:03:50,624 On its entire workings? 00:03:50,730 --> 00:03:53,426

And your general thoughts for its future development?

00:03:53,533 --> 00:03:56,900

Barbara: You'll find it's quite

thorough, Headmaster. 00:03:58,705 --> 00:04:01,799 Headmaster: "The history department functions much as one would expect... 00:04:01,908 --> 00:04:03,773 "for a school of this stature and intake. 00:04:03,876 --> 00:04:07,676 "Examination results have been consistent for 30 years... 00:04:07,780 --> 00:04:11,614 "below the national average but above the level of catastrophe.

00:04:11,718 --> 00:04:16,246 Recommendation: No change necessary. "

00:04:19,158 --> 00:04:21,820

Barbara: Took me most of the summer to write it.

00:04:23,663 --> 00:04:26,928

[Barbara Narrating]: Hard to read the

wispy novice.

00:04:27,033 --> 00:04:29,024

[Boy]: Piss off, you prick. 00:04:29,135 --> 00:04:32,229 Is she a sphinx or simply stupid? 00:04:32,338 --> 00:04:35,239

All right. Off the phone, please. Give me the phone.

00:04:35,341 --> 00:04:38,469 Artfully disheveled today. [ Chattering Continues ] 00:04:38,578 --> 00:04:41,945

The tweedy tramp coat is an abhorrence. 00:04:42,048 --> 00:04:45,313

It seems to say, "I'm just like you." 00:04:45,418 --> 00:04:48,319 But clearly she's not.

00:04:48,421 --> 00:04:51,686 A fey person, I suspect. Stop it, girls. Just stop it.

00:04:51,791 --> 00:04:53,691 Fey.

00:04:53,793 --> 00:04:56,523

Steven: Oi, oi. Pass it. Yes. Come over here. Very good.

00:04:56,629 --> 00:05:01,566 Yeah!

[ Chattering ]

00:05:03,636 --> 00:05:07,037 Barbara: Put your shirt on. Steven: I got the winner, miss. 00:05:07,140 --> 00:05:09,506 Barbara: Glory be! Shirt! 00:05:09,609 --> 00:05:11,839 [ Boys Chattering ]

00:05:11,944 --> 00:05:16,472 [Barbara Narrating]: She has certainly rippled the waters of our stagnant pond. 00:05:16,582 --> 00:05:19,312

They flock to her.

00:05:19,419 --> 00:05:22,354 Even limp little Brian had a go. 00:05:22,455 --> 00:05:24,480 Oh, the horror.

00:05:24,590 --> 00:05:27,081 Brian: Hiya.

Sheba: Oh, hello.

00:05:27,193 --> 00:05:29,753 Brian: That's a lovely blouse.

01:13:00,171 --> 01:13:03,106 [Barbara Narrating]: He knows it was me. Does she know too? 01:13:04,942 --> 01:13:07,172 More than I can bear.

01:13:07,278 --> 01:13:09,473

Is that why she's not returned my calls? 01:13:20,358 --> 01:13:22,326

[ Phone Rings ]

01:13:22,493 --> 01:13:24,324 [ All Shouting ]

01:13:25,663 --> 01:13:27,631 Woman: Miss Covett!

01:13:27,732 --> 01:13:32,169 [ All Shouting ]

[ Man 1 ]: Barbara, have you spoken to Sheba Hart yet?

01:13:32,270 --> 01:13:34,932 [ Shouting Continues ] [ Man 2 ]: When's she coming out? 01:13:35,039 --> 01:13:37,371 [ Man 3 ]: Barbara, tell us why you're friends

with-01:13:37,475 --> 01:13:39,500 [ Woman ]: Miss Covett, did you teach the boy at all?

01:13:39,610 --> 01:13:41,669 [ All Shouting ]

01:13:41,779 --> 01:13:44,748 [ Man 4 ]: Barbara, how is Sheba's husband taking all this?

01:13:44,849 --> 01:13:46,976 Barbara: Barbarians.

01:13:49,954 --> 01:13:52,047 Richard: Sorry about your job. 01:13:52,156 --> 01:13:55,023 Barbara: You see, the headmaster thought I knew.

01:13:55,126 --> 01:13:57,686 Richard: Did you?

Barbara: No.

01:13:57,795 --> 01:14:00,764 Man: When's she coming out? Woman: Come on out, Sheba! 01:14:00,865 --> 01:14:02,833

Barbara: Where is she? 01:14:02,934 --> 01:14:04,902 Richard: In her lair.

01:14:09,073 --> 01:14:11,405

Polly: Your boyfriend is younger than mine!

01:14:11,509 --> 01:14:15,001 Sheba: He's not my boyfriend. Polly: You slept with a child! 01:14:15,112 --> 01:14:18,138 [ Sobbing ]

01:14:18,249 --> 01:14:20,376 Oh, Jesus wept!

01:14:20,485 --> 01:14:22,646 The specter at the feast! 01:14:22,753 --> 01:14:25,313 Barbara: You watch your tongue, madam.

Polly: Frigging freak! 01:14:29,360 --> 01:14:32,352 Barbara: Oh. There, there. 01:14:32,463 --> 01:14:35,159

[ Sighs ]

01:14:35,266 --> 01:14:37,234 Sheba: Thanks for coming. 01:14:38,436 --> 01:14:41,030 I'm so sorry about school. 01:14:43,407 --> 01:14:46,376 Was he-Thank you. Was he awful to you?

01:14:53,451 --> 01:14:57,615 Barbara: Listen. You could say no-I- I'd completely understand-01:14:57,722 --> 01:15:00,088 but

Richard-01:15:01,125 --> 01:15:03,025 Sheba: He needs some time alone. 01:15:03,127 --> 01:15:05,721 He's asked me to leave. 01:15:05,830 --> 01:15:08,560

Can I come stay with you just for a few days?

01:15:12,670 --> 01:15:14,763

Barbara: You're welcome for as long as you like.

01:15:22,880 --> 01:15:25,474 [ Reporters Shouting ]

Woman: When's she coming out? 01:15:30,821 --> 01:15:32,948

Man: Are you the chauffeur, Barbara? 01:15:33,057 --> 01:15:35,958

Woman: When's she coming out? Barbara: Is Ben at school? 01:15:36,060 --> 01:15:40,190

Man: Barbara, don't be shy, love! You gotta come out sometime!

01:15:40,298 --> 01:15:42,766 Barbara: Does he know what's happening?

01:15:42,867 --> 01:15:45,131 Richard: It's really none of your business.

01:15:45,236 --> 01:15:47,170 [ Door Closes ]

01:15:47,271 --> 01:15:49,171 Woman: What about the kids? 01:15:49,273 --> 01:15:51,332 Man: How's her husband? 01:15:51,442 --> 01:15:54,138 Is he going to divorce her? 01:15:54,245 --> 01:15:57,339 Woman: Come on, Sheba! Make my day!

01:15:57,448 --> 01:15:59,348 [ Indistinct ]

01:15:59,450 --> 01:16:01,475 [ All Shouting ]

Woman: There she is!

01:16:01,586 --> 01:16:03,713 How's the family coping, Barbara? 01:16:05,122 --> 01:16:07,090 Man: Is he going to divorce her? 01:16:07,191 --> 01:16:09,751 Woman: What about the kids? Man: Come on out, Sheba! 01:16:09,860 --> 01:16:14,229 Sheba: I've got a mortgage to pay! Richard: I knew who you were when we met.

01:16:15,833 --> 01:16:19,929 You were young. I knew it might get tough, but I was prepared.

01:16:20,037 --> 01:16:23,336 Woman: When is she coming out? 01:16:23,441 --> 01:16:28,140

Richard: You're a good mother, but at times you've been a fucking lousy wife. 01:16:28,245 --> 01:16:30,543

Why didn't you come to me? 01:16:30,648 --> 01:16:33,708

You could have told me how lonely you were.

01:16:33,818 --> 01:16:36,286 You never trusted me to help you. 01:16:36,387 --> 01:16:39,288 I'm not saying I was so fucking fabulous...

01:16:39,390 --> 01:16:41,324 but I was here.

01:16:41,425 --> 01:16:43,393 Man 1: Come on out, Sheba. 01:16:45,563 --> 01:16:48,123 Sheba?

01:16:51,035 --> 01:16:53,503 [ All Shouting ]

01:16:53,604 --> 01:16:56,129 Man 2: There she is! There she is! 01:16:56,240 --> 01:16:58,140 [ All Shouting ]

01:16:59,977 --> 01:17:04,846

[Barbara Narrating]: This last month has been the most delicious time of my life.

01:17:08,386 --> 01:17:11,651

Of course, we've had our ups and downs. 01:17:11,756 --> 01:17:16,090

The pressure is intense when two women share their lives.

01:17:17,228 --> 01:17:21,756 But, oh, what marvelous intensity it is. 01:17:26,671 --> 01:17:28,571 [ All Shouting ]

Man: Look! It's the crone! 01:17:28,673 --> 01:17:30,504 Barbara.

01:17:30,608 --> 01:17:33,873 Woman: Barbara! Barbara! Is it true you're a white witch?

01:17:33,978 --> 01:17:35,912 [ All Shouting ]

Barbara, is Sheba coming out? 01:17:39,450 --> 01:17:42,044

[Barbara Narrating]: Circumstances are not always ideal.

01:17:43,487 --> 01:17:46,513 [ Toilet Flushes ]

The swinish press.

01:17:46,624 --> 01:17:49,957 The stringent bail terms. 01:17:50,061 --> 01:17:52,723 Meetings with lawyers and so on. 01:17:52,830 --> 01:17:56,857 But all things considered, we're coping admirably.

01:17:57,968 --> 01:18:01,563 In fact, gold stars abundant. 01:18:03,107 --> 01:18:05,041 The cuckold...

01:18:05,142 --> 01:18:07,940 permits her to see their children once a week.

01:18:09,013 --> 01:18:11,538 There are usually tears... 01:18:11,649 --> 01:18:15,380 and fits of teenage tantrums too. 01:18:15,486 --> 01:18:19,923

In time, she'll recognize she's just not the mothering kind.

01:18:21,092 --> 01:18:24,186 And then Barbara will be there to comfort her.

01:18:24,295 --> 01:18:29,460

Nurse, beloved friend and wise counsel. 01:18:55,159 --> 01:18:57,093

[ Object Shatters ]

01:19:54,084 --> 01:19:55,984 Man: The crone returneth! 01:19:56,086 --> 01:19:58,145 Woman: Barbara, were you pushed, or did you jump?

01:19:58,255 --> 01:20:00,280

Man: And if you jumped, was it into a dike?

01:20:00,391 --> 01:20:02,825

Is Sheba still alive? What have you done with her?

01:20:02,927 --> 01:20:05,487 Woman: How's the family coping, Barbara?

01:20:05,596 --> 01:20:08,827 [ All Shouting ]

Woman: Barbara! Barbara 01:20:11,101 --> 01:20:13,069 Barbara: Sheba?

01:20:24,148 --> 01:20:27,845 Sheba: What you say about me... 01:20:28,986 --> 01:20:32,080 about...

Richard-01:20:33,290 --> 01:20:35,884 You're not fit to shine his shoes. 01:20:37,761 --> 01:20:40,093 And Ben and...

01:20:40,197 --> 01:20:42,165 Polly.

01:20:42,266 --> 01:20:44,996 That I'd be happier without them? 01:20:49,607 --> 01:20:51,575 Why did you do it?

01:20:51,675 --> 01:20:54,940 [ Groans ]

Because I didn't help you collect your cat?

01:20:55,045 --> 01:20:57,343 Oh!

You've cost me my family! 01:20:57,448 --> 01:21:00,281 Barbara: No! Look! Take some responsibility!

01:21:00,384 --> 01:21:04,377 I gave you exactly what you wanted. 01:21:04,488 --> 01:21:07,548 You'd still be stuck in that marriage without me.

Sheba: What?

01:21:07,658 --> 01:21:11,287 Barbara: You can't accept it yet, but-Sheba: You think I wanted to be here with you?

01:21:11,395 --> 01:21:14,057

Barbara: You need me. I'm your friend. Sheba: You've put me in prison. 01:21:14,164 --> 01:21:17,463 I could get two years.

Barbara: They'll fly by. 01:21:17,568 --> 01:21:21,231

I'll visit you every week. We've so much life to live together.

01:21:21,338 --> 01:21:25,468

Sheba: You think this is a love affair? A relationship?

01:21:25,576 --> 01:21:29,876 What? Sticky gold stars and and a-and a stra-and of my hair?

01:21:29,980 --> 01:21:32,471 No.

And a receipt from Pizza Express? 01:21:32,583 --> 01:21:35,051 It's a flat in the Archway Road... 01:21:35,152 --> 01:21:37,052 and you think you're Virginia frigging Woolf! .

01:21:37,154 --> 01:21:39,952 And where did you get my hair? Did you pluck it from the bath...

01:21:40,057 --> 01:21:41,991 with some special fucking tweezers? 01:21:42,092 --> 01:21:45,152 Barbara: Don't you know it's rude to read a person's diary? It's private! Sheba: We're not companions. 01:21:45,262 --> 01:21:47,753 We're not friends. You don't even like me.

01:21:47,865 --> 01:21:50,493 Barbara: That's not true. I only have tender feelings for you, only love! 01:21:50,601 --> 01:21:52,262 Sheba: No! No!

[ Groans ]

01:21:52,369 --> 01:21:55,099

You're barking fucking mad. You don't know how to love.

01:21:55,205 --> 01:21:57,469 You've never your whole life. 01:21:57,574 --> 01:21:59,838 Me. Jennifer Dodd.

01:21:59,944 --> 01:22:01,969 You're nothing but waste and disappointment.

01:22:02,947 --> 01:22:05,177 You bitter old virgin!

01:22:05,282 --> 01:22:09,912

You're lonely for a reason. They loathed you at school- all of them.

01:22:10,020 --> 01:22:14,286 I was the idiot who bothered. But only because no one told me you're a fucking vampire!

01:22:14,391 --> 01:22:17,519

So what is it, Bar? You want to roll around the floor like lovers? 01:22:17,628 --> 01:22:19,528 You want to fuck me, Barbara? 01:22:19,630 --> 01:22:21,996 Barbara: Please don't diminish our-Sheba: Our what?

01:22:22,099 --> 01:22:24,465 What?

Barbara: No. Give it back. 01:22:24,568 --> 01:22:26,365 I know you.

01:22:26,470 --> 01:22:28,631 Selfish and vain. You think you have a divine right.

01:22:28,739 --> 01:22:33,142 [ Grunts ]

You don't belong in the world. You belong here! You big baby! 01:22:33,243 --> 01:22:35,211 [ Reporters Shouting ]

01:22:36,947 --> 01:22:39,245 Sheba: Here I am!

01:22:39,350 --> 01:22:41,477 [ Shouts ]

01:22:41,585 --> 01:22:44,884 Here I am!

01:22:44,989 --> 01:22:47,549 [ All Shouting ]

01:22:47,658 --> 01:22:49,489 [ Shouting ]

01:23:04,508 --> 01:23:06,476 Barbara: Okay. Get back. 01:23:08,979 --> 01:23:10,378 Go back.

01:23:13,484 --> 01:23:15,952 [ Glass Clinking ]

01:23:26,263 --> 01:23:28,857 Sheba: We never invited you to the fucking Dordogne.

01:23:32,169 --> 01:23:36,606

Barbara: I'm sorry, but you specifically said if I happened to be in France, I should drop in.

01:23:36,707 --> 01:23:38,937 Sheba: We didn't mean it. 01:23:40,277 --> 01:23:42,245 Barbara: Well, fine.

I won't come then.

01:23:47,885 --> 01:23:50,410 Sheba: I asked you to lunch because I liked you.

01:23:51,688 --> 01:23:54,054 I would've been your friend. 01:24:02,232 --> 01:24:04,291 I need more than a friend. 01:24:23,520 --> 01:24:26,011 [ Horns Honking ]

01:24:27,157 --> 01:24:30,149 [ Siren Wailing In Distance ] 01:26:22,105 --> 01:26:24,266 Barbara: I knew her.

01:26:24,374 --> 01:26:26,899 Annabel: Sorry?

01:26:27,010 --> 01:26:28,910 Barbara: I knew her.

01:26:29,012 --> 01:26:31,207 Annabel: Really?

Barbara: Mmm.

01:26:31,315 --> 01:26:33,215 We taught at the same school. 01:26:33,317 --> 01:26:36,218 Annabel: God. What was she like? 01:26:38,055 --> 01:26:39,989 Barbara: A bit...

01:26:40,090 --> 01:26:42,024 chilly.

01:26:43,527 --> 01:26:45,495 A touch furtive.

01:26:47,998 --> 01:26:50,262 A sort of absent person. 01:26:52,135 --> 01:26:54,865 Oh, but I didn't know her well. May I? 01:26:54,972 --> 01:26:56,940 Mm-hmm.

01:27:02,779 --> 01:27:05,077 Annabel: Do you still teach? Barbara: No, no.

01:27:06,383 --> 01:27:08,351 Retired.

01:27:09,620 --> 01:27:12,646 Thank goodness.

[ Chuckles ]

01:27:12,756 --> 01:27:15,919

Barbara:

You've-Annabel: Oh.

[ Laughs ]

01:27:16,026 --> 01:27:17,926 Barbara: Here.

01:27:18,028 --> 01:27:19,996

Annabel: Thanks.

01:27:20,097 --> 01:27:22,861 [ Children Chattering]

[In Distance ]

01:27:25,769 --> 01:27:28,169 Barbara: I love it here. Annabel: Mmm.

01:27:28,272 --> 01:27:30,263 Barbara: It's spectacular at dusk. 01:27:37,347 --> 01:27:39,838 I'm Barbara.

01:27:44,588 --> 01:27:46,954 Annabel: Annabel.

01:27:51,695 --> 01:27:55,529 I wonder, Annabel.

01:27:55,632 --> 01:27:57,827 Barbara: Do you like music? Annabel: Oh. Yes.

01:27:57,934 --> 01:27:59,834 Barbara: Uh, it's just that I've got tickets...

01:27:59,936 --> 01:28:01,836 for Handel's Water Music at the Albert Hall.

01:28:01,938 --> 01:28:03,838 Annabel: Oh.

Barbara: On Saturday night. 01:28:03,940 --> 01:28:06,431 You could bring a friend if there's, uh, someone

01:28:06,543 --> 01:28:08,943 Annabel: Oh, no. Oh, no. There isn't. 01:28:09,046 --> 01:28:11,014 Barbara: Well, there we are.

Appendix II

F. 1.1 F. 1.2

F. 1.3 F. 1.4