Peter Mather and Mc Carthy divided reading skill into two skills, there are scanning and skimming, “scanning is a process of quickly searching
reading material in order to locate specific bits of information,” whether skimming is used to identify the main idea of the text.
10
Robert Karlin stated that teacher can use two basic steps in teaching scanning, there are:
1. Select some questions on which the class is working and write them on the chalkboard.
2. Present a passage that containing the specifics question and answer.
11
When we scan the text, we may not have to start from the beginning of the text, we may jump it to find the information we need. And
when we are skimming, we may read the first and the last sentences of each paragraph to find the main idea of the text, because some of text may put it in
the first sentence or put it in the last sentence. The writer consider that people read for different purposes and it
will influence the way they read, because they use different reading skill for different purposes. For example, when they read a page in a telephone number
to find a single name, they do scanning. People use skimming, when they read and want to get the main idea of the text or to find what the text about.
4. Reading Process
According to Dorothy Rubin, reading process include three domains, 1 the affective, 2 the perceptual, and 3 the cognitive.
12
10
Peter Mather and Mc Carthy, Reading and All the Jazz, New York:Mc Graw Hill, 2007, p. 526-531
11
Robert Karlin, Teaching Elementary Reading, 3
rd
ed, Principle and Strategies, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980, p. 235
12
Dorothy Rubin, A Practical Approach to Teaching Reading, New York:CBC College Publishing, 1982, p. 8
The affective domain includes the feelings and the emotions of the reader, when the students read a text, their feelings and emotions will probably
influence the way they interpret the text. For example, when the students feel very hungry and they find the word fool, they may read it as food. This
situation may be happen to the students in the school.
13
In the perceptual domain that can be defined as giving meaning to
the text which we are read. Dorothy stated that “perception is a cumulative process that is based on an individual’s background of experiences”.
14
The next process is cognitive domain, it include the area of thinking. When we have difficulty in thinking, we may have difficulty in
reading. According to Dorothy, “reading is a thinking act”.
15
Therefore, the three domains of reading process can influence our reading skill.
Meanwhile, Sandra Silberstein as she quoted from Grabe 1991 stated that there are aspects of the reading process, which can be summarized
as follow: 1. The readers or students are expected to be able to identify the word and
grammatical form automatically. 2. The fluent reader can receive the vocabulary and the structural knowledge.
3. The reader or students that have the background knowledge can be easy to comprehend the text.
4. The reader or students who can synthesis the information from the text can help them to develop their evaluation skill, because in synthesizing the
information, they can compare the information with their knowledge. 5. The reader or students can aware of their goals and choose the right
strategies to achieve the goals.
16
13
Dorothy Rubin, A Practical, …. , p. 8
14
Dorothy Rubin, A Practical, …. , p. 9
15
Dorothy Rubin, A Practical, …. , p. 9
16
Sandra Slberstein, Techniques and Resources in Teaching Reading, Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 12
B. Group work 1. Definition of Group Work
