IMPROVING STUDENTSÂ’ SPEAKING ABILITY THROUGH FOOTBALL PICTURE MEDIA FOR TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2 MALANG

i

IMPROVING STUDENTS

’

SPEAKING ABILITY

THROUGH FOOTBALL PICTURE MEDIA

FOR TENTH GRADE STUDENTS

OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2

MALANG

THESIS

By:

GAGOEK APRIYANTO WAHIDI

08360224

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ii

IMPROVING STUDENTS’

SPEAKING ABILITY

THROUGH FOOTBALL PICTURE MEDIA

FOR TENTH GRADE STUDENTS

OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2

MALANG

THESIS

By:

GAGOEK APRIYANTO WAHIDI

08360224

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

iii

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY

THROUGH FOOTBALL PICTURE MEDIA

FOR TENTH GRADE STUDENTS

OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2

MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve

Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

GAGOEK APRIYANTO WAHIDI

08360224

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

vi

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

Sukses seringkali datang pada mereka yang berani bertindak, Dan jarang menghampiri penakut yang tidak mengambil

konsekuensi

(Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru)

Oleh Karena itu begitu memutuskan, segeralah bertindak. Pilihlah untuk bertindak, ketimbang menunda.

DEDICATION:

I dedicated this thesis to: My Beloved Mother Suhairiyah and Father Saleh Hosni Taha. My big family.

vii

My beloved friends in Pamekasan.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY

THROUGH FOOTBALL PICTURE MEDIA

FOR TENTH GRADE STUDENTS

OF SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2

MALANG

ABSTRACT

Speaking is the most important skill to be mastered. That is why people have to learn speaking. This research was aimed to know about improving students‟ speaking ability through football picture media for tenth grade students of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. The problem in this research was how can the skill of speaking of tenth grade of administration office class at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang be improved through the implementation of football picture media and What are the parts of criteria of success in speaking through the implementation of football picture media of tenth grade administration office class at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang

This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR) which was conducted in two cycles. The research subject of this research was the tenth grade of administration office. It consisted of 15 students. The research instrument that had been used were test and questionnaire.

Based on the result, gained the average of speaking test result on cycle I with the average score was 58. Whereas, on cycle I researcher used one football picture media in teaching speaking. Then, the researcher gave ten minutes for students to prepare the speaking activity. After that, researcher asked the students did the speaking test in front of the class with three minutes. On cycle II, there was improving average score became 77. It caused, on cycle II researcher used variety of football picture media. Than, researcher added the time became ffteen minutes for doing the speaking activity and five minutes for speaking test in front of the class.

To conclude, teaching speaking through football picture media could help students to improve their speaking ability. Besides, using football picture media could make the situation in the class more active. It can be alternative way to make interaction between teacher and students.

Key words: Football, Picture Media Advisor I,

viii

Drs. Adiloka, M.Pd Gagoek Apriyanto Wahidi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahi Rabbil „alamin, the researcher expresses his highest gratitude to Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta‟ala for blessing, love, opportunity, health, and mercy to complete this research. Shalawat is also sent to Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu

„Alaihi Wa sallam who had delivered the truth to human beings in general and Muslim in particular. The researcher would like to express his deepest gratitude to:

1. The advisor Drs. Adiloka, M.Pd and Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum. for invaluable guidence and usefull suggestions the process completing this research. 2. The Head Master of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang, Drs. Suhandoko

because his permission researcher could do the research at his school. Mrs.

Halimatus Sa‟diyah, S.Hum as English teacher because her corrections researcher have not difficulties experience during did the research.

3. His beloved mother Suhairiyah and father Saleh Hosni Taha because their invocation and support the researcher have not difficulties did the thesis. 4. His beloved friends Yopi Ardianto, Kartika Chasanah and Ziana Walidah

for their understanding and patience to help researcher in finishing the research.

Hopefully, Allah S.W.T will always bless all of them. Amien.

Malang, January 2014

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER ... i

APPROVEMENT ... v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... vi

ABSTRACT ... vii

ACKNOLEDGEMENT ... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... ix

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of Problems ... 5

1.3 Purpose of the Study ... 5

1.4 Significance of Study …... 5

1.5 The Scope and Limitation ... 5

1.6 The definition Key Terms ... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Nature of Speaking ... 8

2.2 Definition of Teaching ... 9

2.3 Teaching Speaking ... 10

2.4 Definition of Media ... 11

2.5 Types of Media ... 12

2.6 Teaching Speaking Through Picture Media ... 12

2.7 Picture ... 14

2.8 Kinds of Picture ... 15

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 16

3.2 Research Subject ... 17

3.3 Research Instrument ... 18

3.3.1 Test ... 18

3.3.2 Questionnaire ... 19

3.4 The Procedure of Classroom Action Research ... 20

3.5 Data Collection ... 21

3.6 Data Analysis ... 25

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ... 27

4.2 Cycle One ... 28

4.2.1 Planning ... 28

4.2.2 Action ... 28

4.2.2.1 First Meeting ... 28

4.2.2.2 Second Meeting ... 30

4.2.3 Observation ... 30

x

4.3 Cycle Two ... 33

4.3.1 Planning ... 33

4.3.2 Action ... 33

4.3.2.1 First Meeting ... 34

4.3.2.1 Second Meeting ... 35

4.3.3 Observation ... 36

4.3.4 Reflection ... 36

4.4 Discussion ... 38

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion ... 45

5.2 Suggestion ... 46

REFERENCES ... 49

APPENDICES 1.1 Lesson Plan on Cycle I ... 51

1.2 Speaking test evaluation sheet (Cycle I) ... 58

1.3 Lesson Plan on Cycle II ...73

1.4 Speaking test evaluation sheet (Cycle II) ... 82

1.5 Questionnaire ... 97

xi

REFERENCES

Ahmed, Mahfuz. 2013. World Football Fans. (Online). Available: http://footballfans2013.blogspot.com/2013/04/what-is-football-game.html (access on January 29th,2014)

Ary, Donald. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education. Canada: Wadsworth Cengage learning.

Apriani. 2011. The use of STAD technique through pictures to increase students’ ability in writing descriptive text. Unpublished Thesis. Malang: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education UMM.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy Second Edition. San Francisco, California: Pearson Education.

Cahyono, Bambang Yudi (Ed.). 2010. The Teaching of English Language Skills and English Language Components. Malang: State University of Malang Press.

Cahyono, Bambang Yudi and Rohmani Nur Indah (Ed.). 2012. Second Language Research and Pedagogy: Toward the Development of English Language Teaching in Indonesia. Malang: State University of Malang Press.

Callahan, Joseph F and Leonard H. Clark. 1988. Teaching in the Middle and Secondary Schools Planning for Competence Third Edition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

Dewayanti, Rizki Anugrah. 2011. Audio Visual Media Used in Teaching Speaking at The Eight Grade of SMPN 1 Gratitunon Pasuruan. Unpublished thesis. Malang: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education UMM.

Fathurrohman, Pupuh and M. Sobri Sutikno. 2007. Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Bandung. PT. Refika Aditama.

xii

Febryanto, Nuzul. 2012. Using Pictures to Improve Students Writing Skill at SMP Muhammadiyah 06 DAU Malang. Unpublished thesis. Malang: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education UMM.

Harmer. 1991. The Teaching of English Language Skills and English Language Components. In Cahyono, Bambang Yudi (Ed.). (Page. ix). Malang: State University of Malang Press.

Kusumawati, Evy Diah. 2006. Developing Writing Skill by Using Pictures at The Second Class of SMPN 1 Selorejo. Unpublished thesis. Malang: University of Kanjuruhan Malang.

Nikam, Sandip J. 2012. Journal of Language in India, “Teaching speaking skills through communicative activities a classroom report”. Vol. 12, pp.395 – 402. KTHM College: Maharashtra India.

Pollard, Lucy. 2008. Lucy Pollard’s Guide to Teaching English. London: University of London.

Pramono, Sigit. 2005. Study on Students and Teachers Responses toward the Technique of Teaching and Learning Listening Using Music. Unpublished thesis. Malang: Faculty of Teacher training and Education UMM.

Rahayudi, Lindri. 2005. The Problem of Teaching Speaking in SMAN in Malang. Unpublished thesis. Malang: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education UMM.

Rahmawati, Dwi Prihatin. 2005. Using Various Pictures to Improve Elementary School Students Interest in Learning English. Unpublished thesis. Malang: Faculty of Teacher Training and Education UMM.

Ravenna, Georgianna. 2012. International Journal of Education. “The Effects of

Increased Workloads on Online Instruction”. Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 125 – 165. USA: California State University.

Richard, Jack C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking From Theory to Practice. New York. Cambridge University Press.

Sukmadinata, Nana Syaodih. 2010. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of study, statement of problem, purpose of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and the definition of key term. Each section is presented as follows.

1.1 Background of Study

English is one of the most widely-used languages. It is an important tool to communicate for people in global community. That is why people have to learn English. According to Rahayudi (2005: 1), in every country, people learn about English in economic, politic, and education. In the field of economic we find that English is used in trade; in politic English is used to communicate the idea or the opinion of the people, and in education we know that many literatures are written in English. Besides, English is used by people to communicate with people around the world, to find a job easily, and to get a new friend from other country. It means, it is very important for everyone to know about English both of passively or actively.

In Indonesia, English is the first foreign language taught to the students from beginning level up to university level. It is one of the educational programs that must be increased and developed at schools in Indonesia. As we know at the 21st century, Indonesia faces globalization era. One of the important elements is to create the intellectual and quality students such as mastering English. The main objective of the English teaching at school as stated in regulation of minister of national education

2

Indonesia number 22 tahun 2006 is to develop the students’ ability in such a way that they will be able to understand it.

According to Cahyono (2010: ix), in order to be successful in using English as a means of communication, English language learners have to be capable of all of the language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. (Hamer, 1991, in Cahyono, 2010: ix) mentions, language skills are divided into receptive and productive skills because a listener and reader as well as a speaker and a writer share the same communicative purposes, respectively. Based on how language is conveyed, language skills can be categorized into those related to speech (listening and speaking) and written word (reading and writing).

From those skills, speaking is the most important skill to be mastered. The mastery of speaking skills in English is a priority for many second-language or foreign-language learners (Richards, 2008:19). If the students want to have a good speaking ability, it should be supported by teachers, students, curriculum, and facility. The teacher represents the ability or mastery on subject matters, the application of the methods techniques and approaches, as well as the attitude and responsibility of the teacher. The students bring intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, their attitudes, and their environment. The curriculum contains the planning, the syllabus, the approaches, and assessments. The facility consists of the building, the education environment, the teaching media, and the system of education (Cahyono 2010: 127).

Media of teaching speaking is very useful to make the process of teaching activity easier and more interesting. Teaching speaking is very important in foreign

3

language learning. Consequently teaching a foreign language is complex process (Wahyurianto, 2009: 8). The teacher must use good media in teaching to be able to attract the students to be more active in speaking. Fathurrohman and Sutikno (2007: 65), stated that media is something which brings information and knowledge in interacting between teachers and students. It can be said, media is a tool in teaching learning process which is used by teachers to explain the material. Besides, students can accept the material from teacher well. It means, there is an interaction between teachers and students.

One of the media that usually used is picture. Picture is photographic representation of people, places, and things that can translate abstract concept into more realistic or concrete items (Kasbollah, 1999: 21, in Rahmawati 2004). In this research, the researcher uses the football picture as a media in teaching speaking. The purpose of using football picture as media in teaching speaking process is making the students get interest to join speaking class in order to students can develop their speaking ability.

SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang is one of private schools in Malang which is located on Jalan Baiduri Sepah number 27. Based on the preliminary research in teaching English on teaching practice at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang, especially in administration office class, the students do not enthusiast in learning English especially speaking. The students get lower score in speaking ability. It is caused; students do not understand the explanation from the teachers. Then, students are bored, and sometimes they are afraid to make mistake in their speaking in the class.

4

Besides, in teaching speaking, teachers do not use kinds of media. As a result, the teaching learning process is running monotonous. In this case, it needs such kinds of

media to increase the students’ speaking ability.

Kusumawati (2006), stated that pictures can be used in teaching writing skill at the second class students of SMPN 01 Selorejo. It shows teaching successful with 95 % of the students can make a good topic sentence, 85 % of the students have good unity of paragraph, 82 % of the students can make supporting sentence correctly, 75 % of students have been good in making concluding sentence, and only 57,5 % of the students make good coherence. It means, teaching writing by using pictures can improve students’ writing ability.

Febryanto (2012), stated that using pictures was success in improving

students’ skill in writing. It was caused by the use of such technique-pictures provided not only shared experience for students, but also helped them to focus on the pictures. Besides, pictures provided a lot of varieties of task. In other words, pictures can help students to focus and improve their writing skill.

The difference between this research and previous research is that research focuses on improving students’ speaking ability through football picture media at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. Whereas, the previous research focuses on improving writing skill use picture media at the second class of SMPN 01 Selorejo.

Based on the description above, the researcher is curious to investigate the use of football picture media in teaching speaking. Therefore, the researcher would like to conduct the research using football picture media in teaching speaking.

5

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. How can the skill of speaking of tenth grade of administration office class at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang be improved through the implementation of football picture media?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

1. To describe about the improving of students’ speaking ability through the implementation of football picture media of tenth grade of administration office class at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang.

1.4 Significance of Study

This study is expected to give contribution for English teacher and student at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang.

For the English teacher, English teacher can selecting chooses the media as teaching speaking in teaching learning proses. The researcher hope, the English teacher has new variation teaching speaking with use media.

For the student, the student can improve their speaking ability in their school and outside the school after get speaking material with using media.

1.5 The Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research is teaching speaking for tenth graders at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang.

6

In this research, researcher focuses in media used by teacher in teaching speaking, how to implementation the media in teaching speaking, and how the student responses in teaching learning proses.

1.6 The Definition of Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms used in this study are defined as follows:

1. Speaking is one of language skills which are interpreted as an expression of idea, opinion, or message with oral language (Cahyono and Indah, 2012: 8).

2. Teaching speaking means teaching the students to use the language in real communication. The English teacher should teach them to produce the English speech sounds and sound patterns. The students should be able to use words and sentences which are appropriate with the contexts (Cahyono and Mukminatien, 2011: 43).

3. Media is something which brings information and knowledge in interacting between teachers and students (Fathurrohman and Sutikno 2007: 65).

4. A. Picture is photographic representation of people, places, and things that can translate abstract concept into more realistic or concrete items (Kasbollah, 1999: 21, in Rahmawati 2004).

B. Football is played by two teams. Each team consist of 11 players and extra players are waiting outside the line if any player injured or depends on coach's

decisions to change the players.

7

(In short, the definition of football picture is photographic representation of anything about football such as football players, the game of football, the stadium, and the speactator)

5. SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang is one of private schools in Malang which is located on Jalan Baiduri Sepah No. 27.

Indonesia number 22 tahun 2006 is to develop the students’ ability in such a way that they will be able to understand it.

According to Cahyono (2010: ix), in order to be successful in using English as a means of communication, English language learners have to be capable of all of the language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. (Hamer, 1991, in Cahyono, 2010: ix) mentions, language skills are divided into receptive and productive skills because a listener and reader as well as a speaker and a writer share the same communicative purposes, respectively. Based on how language is conveyed, language skills can be categorized into those related to speech (listening and speaking) and written word (reading and writing).

From those skills, speaking is the most important skill to be mastered. The mastery of speaking skills in English is a priority for many second-language or foreign-language learners (Richards, 2008:19). If the students want to have a good speaking ability, it should be supported by teachers, students, curriculum, and facility. The teacher represents the ability or mastery on subject matters, the application of the methods techniques and approaches, as well as the attitude and responsibility of the teacher. The students bring intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, their attitudes, and their environment. The curriculum contains the planning, the syllabus, the approaches, and assessments. The facility consists of the building, the education environment, the teaching media, and the system of education (Cahyono 2010: 127).

Media of teaching speaking is very useful to make the process of teaching activity easier and more interesting. Teaching speaking is very important in foreign

language learning. Consequently teaching a foreign language is complex process (Wahyurianto, 2009: 8). The teacher must use good media in teaching to be able to attract the students to be more active in speaking. Fathurrohman and Sutikno (2007: 65), stated that media is something which brings information and knowledge in interacting between teachers and students. It can be said, media is a tool in teaching learning process which is used by teachers to explain the material. Besides, students can accept the material from teacher well. It means, there is an interaction between teachers and students.

One of the media that usually used is picture. Picture is photographic representation of people, places, and things that can translate abstract concept into more realistic or concrete items (Kasbollah, 1999: 21, in Rahmawati 2004). In this research, the researcher uses the football picture as a media in teaching speaking. The purpose of using football picture as media in teaching speaking process is making the students get interest to join speaking class in order to students can develop their speaking ability.

SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang is one of private schools in Malang which is located on Jalan Baiduri Sepah number 27. Based on the preliminary research in teaching English on teaching practice at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang, especially in administration office class, the students do not enthusiast in learning English especially speaking. The students get lower score in speaking ability. It is caused; students do not understand the explanation from the teachers. Then, students are bored, and sometimes they are afraid to make mistake in their speaking in the class.

Besides, in teaching speaking, teachers do not use kinds of media. As a result, the teaching learning process is running monotonous. In this case, it needs such kinds of media to increase the students’ speaking ability.

Kusumawati (2006), stated that pictures can be used in teaching writing skill at the second class students of SMPN 01 Selorejo. It shows teaching successful with 95 % of the students can make a good topic sentence, 85 % of the students have good unity of paragraph, 82 % of the students can make supporting sentence correctly, 75 % of students have been good in making concluding sentence, and only 57,5 % of the students make good coherence. It means, teaching writing by using pictures can improve students’ writing ability.

Febryanto (2012), stated that using pictures was success in improving students’ skill in writing. It was caused by the use of such technique-pictures provided not only shared experience for students, but also helped them to focus on the pictures. Besides, pictures provided a lot of varieties of task. In other words, pictures can help students to focus and improve their writing skill.

The difference between this research and previous research is that research focuses on improving students’ speaking ability through football picture media at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang. Whereas, the previous research focuses on improving writing skill use picture media at the second class of SMPN 01 Selorejo.

Based on the description above, the researcher is curious to investigate the use of football picture media in teaching speaking. Therefore, the researcher would like to conduct the research using football picture media in teaching speaking.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

1. How can the skill of speaking of tenth grade of administration office class at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang be improved through the implementation of football picture media?

1.3 Purpose of the Study

1. To describe about the improving of students’ speaking ability through the implementation of football picture media of tenth grade of administration office class at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang.

1.4 Significance of Study

This study is expected to give contribution for English teacher and student at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang.

For the English teacher, English teacher can selecting chooses the media as teaching speaking in teaching learning proses. The researcher hope, the English teacher has new variation teaching speaking with use media.

For the student, the student can improve their speaking ability in their school and outside the school after get speaking material with using media.

1.5 The Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research is teaching speaking for tenth graders at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang.

In this research, researcher focuses in media used by teacher in teaching speaking, how to implementation the media in teaching speaking, and how the student responses in teaching learning proses.

1.6 The Definition of Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms used in this study are defined as follows:

1. Speaking is one of language skills which are interpreted as an expression of idea, opinion, or message with oral language (Cahyono and Indah, 2012: 8).

2. Teaching speaking means teaching the students to use the language in real communication. The English teacher should teach them to produce the English speech sounds and sound patterns. The students should be able to use words and sentences which are appropriate with the contexts (Cahyono and Mukminatien, 2011: 43).

3. Media is something which brings information and knowledge in interacting between teachers and students (Fathurrohman and Sutikno 2007: 65).

4. A. Picture is photographic representation of people, places, and things that can translate abstract concept into more realistic or concrete items (Kasbollah, 1999: 21, in Rahmawati 2004).

B. Football is played by two teams. Each team consist of 11 players and extra players are waiting outside the line if any player injured or depends on coach's

decisions to change the players.

(In short, the definition of football picture is photographic representation of anything about football such as football players, the game of football, the stadium, and the speactator)

5. SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Malang is one of private schools in Malang which is located on Jalan Baiduri Sepah No. 27.