33 Figure 2.16 Landcover Type Area in 1991, 1997, 2000 and 2007
Based on Table 2.9 and 2.10, and also Figure 2.16, Landcover has changed significantly over the period from 1991 to 2007 in Bandung area. From 1991 to
2000, although paddy field and forest decreased by only 9.04 and 3.37 , the decrease quantity amounts to 2.762 ha and 1.673 ha, respectively. In contrast,
built-up area was increased by 5.57 . These trends continued in the period from 2000 to 2007. The paddy field decreased by 2.91 , the speed is a little higher
than that of last period. The trend of forested change is reversed, increasing by 1.77 , from 2000 to 2007. The change trend of built-up area is relatively slow,
although an increase trend is kept.
2.4.4. Transitional Matrix and Weighted Factor of Landcover Priority
Transitional matrix was used to identifying trend changes between each landcover for two time periods. This is basically the same as the cross tabulation
matrix, which can be used for accuracy assessment. The result from Cross tabulation matrix analysis describe in Table 2.7 and
2.8 , shows the land use and land cover change matrix from 1991 to 2000. From the table, it is clear that there has been a considerable change during the 9-year
period. Built up area have increased in area by 4.28 and in the other hand, Forest and Paddy Field has decreased in area by 1.79 and 2.89 respectively.
34 Table 2.11
Landcover Change Transitional Matrix, 1991 –2000 in hectares
1991 2000
1991 Total
Ba Fr
Pf Al
Pl Sr
Wb Ba
33.382 33.382
Fr 17
48.065 232
1.054 484
3.188 27
17 Pf
3.107 29
80.975 790
175 154
3.107 Al
225 95
254 74.507
224 182
225 Pl
84 30
43 274
42.447 98
84 Sr
46 51
836 1.952
374 29.235 17
46 Wb
14 6.834
2000 Total 36.861
48.270 82.354
78.577 43.704 32.857
6.878 329.501
Changes Ha 3.479
-4.797 -2.876
3.090 728
346 30
Changes 10,42
-9,04 -3,37
4,09 1,69
1,06 0,44
Note : Ba, Built up Area ; Fr, forest ; Pf, Paddy field ; Al, agricultural; Pl, plantation ; Wb, water body ; Sr, Shrub ; and Bl, Bare land.
The Land usecover change transitional matrix analysis further indicates that of the 10,42 3.479 hectares increase in built-up area, 8,43 3.107 hectares
results from paddy field and 0,61 225 hectares from Agricultural. Plantation, Forest and shrub contributes 0,23 84 hectares, 0,12 46 hectares and 0,05
17 hectares respectively. Based on percentage term, in study area during the 9-years periods 1991
– 2000, the largest increase of built-up area is the result from land conversion
between paddy field into built-up area. These phenomena shown that most of the losses decreases of paddy field area during 1991-2000 were converted into built
up area. The vast conversion of paddy field to built-up area was occurred in Bandung and Cimahi munipacility.
During the period 2000-2007, the trend of internal structural variability of Landcover change transitional matrix in study area was almost similar to the
period before. The built-up area increased by 4,28 , if the result was comparing with last period, the percentage value is lowest than that of last period. Similarity
trend was found in Landcover change transitional matrix during the period 2000 –
2007. Paddy field is the most contributes in the land conversion into built-up area than the other type of landcover, the contributes is for about 3,49 1,342
35 hectares. Agricultural, forest, plantation and shrub contributes 0,35 136
hectares, 0.02 7 hectares, 0,13 49 hectares, 0,11 42 hectares respectively.
Table 2.12 Landcover Change Transitional Matrix, 2000
– 2007 in hectares 2000
2007 2000
Total Ba
Fr Pf
Al Pl
Sr Wb
Ba 36.861
36.861 Fr
7 47.183 168
101 248
563 48.270
Pf 1.342
6 79.059 834
722 384
7 82.354
Al 136
36 285 77.798
261 61
78.577 Pl
49 109
109 408 43.006
23 43.704
Sr 42
84 320
65 42 32.269
35 32.857
Wb 14
5 0 6.859
6.878 2007 Total
38.437 47.418 79.955 79.211 44.279 33.300 6.901 329.501 Changes Ha
1.576 -852 -2.399
634 575
443 23
Changes 4,28
-1,77 -2,91 0,81
1,32 1,35
0,33
Note : Ba, Built up Area ; Fr, forest ; Pf, Paddy field ; Al, agricultural; Pl, plantation ; Wb, water body ; Sr, Shrub ; and Bl, Bare land.
Over the time from 1991 to 2000 and 2000 – 2007, the increase of built-up
area was caused mainly by the conversion from paddy field into built-up area. The reason from this condition, spatial distribution of paddy field in the study area is
near from built-up area and the paddy field area mostly located in flat area. Actually, the expansion of urban-built up area is making possible for this
condition. Landcover Transitional probabilities during 1991
– 2007 were used to derive each types of landcover priorities in this case paddy field, plantation, forest,
agricultural, shrub, forest and water body conversion into built-up area. Landcover transitional probabilities during 1991-2000 and 2000
– 2007 were shown in Table 2.13.
36 Table 2.13
Landcover Transitional Probabilities, 1991 – 2000
1991 2000
Ba Fr
Pf Al
Pl Sr
Wb Ba
1,000 0,000
0,000 0,000
0,000 0,000
0,000 Fr
0,000 0,906
0,004 0,020
0,009 0,060
0,001 Pf
0,036 0,000
0,950 0,009
0,002 0,002
0,000 Al
0,003 0,001
0,003 0,987
0,003 0,002
0,000 Pl
0,002 0,001
0,001 0,006
0,988 0,002
0,000 Sr
0,001 0,002
0,026 0,060
0,012 0,899
0,001 Wb
0,000 0,000
0,002 0,000
0,000 0,000
0,998 Table 2.14
Landcover Transitional Probabilities, 2000 – 2007
2000 2007
Ba Fr
Pf Al
Pl Sr
Wb Ba
1,000 0,000
0,000 0,000
0,000 0,000
0,000 Fr
0,000 0,977
0,003 0,002
0,005 0,012
0,000 Pf
0,016 0,000
0,960 0,010
0,009 0,005
0,000 Al
0,002 0,000
0,004 0,990
0,003 0,001
0,000 Pl
0,001 0,002
0,002 0,009
0,984 0,001
0,000 Sr
0,001 0,003
0,010 0,002
0,001 0,982
0,001 Wb
0,000 0,000
0,002 0,001
0,000 0,000
0,997 Landcover change detection in study area was monitoring during the periode
1991 until 2007 is for about 16 years periode. In this research three , time periode for each landcover classification data are not same, 1991
– 1997 is for 6 years periode, 1997
– 2000 is for 3 years periode and 2000 – 2007 is for about 7 years periode. Trend of Probabilities conversion from each landcover type into built-up
area was calculated based on years periode devided by 16 years periode and multiplied by each landcover probability. The mathematical expression for this
statement can be described in equation 2.12 .
91 97 97 00
00 07
6 3
7 16
16 16
t
P P
P P
1.12
37 Table 2.15 Probability trend conversion from each Landcover type to Built-up
area during 1991 – 2007
Years Landcover
Fr Pf
Al Pl
Sr 1991 - 1997
0,00053 0,01970
0,00147 0,00063
0,00040 1997 - 2000
0,00024 0,01551
0,00362 0,00032
0,00036 2000 - 2007
0,00037 0,01697
0,00111 0,00103
0,00073 P
t
0,00040 0,01772
0,00172 0,00075
0,00054 Weighted calculation for each landcover type conversion into built-up area
was done by using ranking methods based probability trend conversion. Water body was not included in weighted calculation, because water body is constraint
facto r that isn’t allowed conversion into build up area.
Table 2.16 Weighted for Each Landcover Type
Landcover Type Probability
Average Rank Sum
Straight Rank
Reciprocal Weight
1rj Normalized Weight
Forest 0,00040
5 0,20
0,09 Paddy Field
0,01772 1
1,00 0,44
Agricultural 0,00172
2 0,50
0,22 Plantation
0,00075 3
0,33 0,15
Shrub 0,00054
4 0,25
0,11 Total
2,28 1
Base on Table 2.16 paddy field was contributed the highest weighted for landcover priority conversion to built-up area is for about 33,33 . Agricultural,
plantation, shrub and forest is for about 26,7 , 13,3 and 0,67 separately. These phenomena shown that most of the losses decreases of paddy field area
during 1991-2007 were converted into built up area. Actually, in the study area paddy field was located and distributed near from built up-area and mostly located
in flat area. Sprawl development type of built-up area in this study area is radial sprawl, so for each year built-up area development will be spreading from city
center to the fringe of the city.
38
2.5. Conclusion
