Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF LITERATURE

31 be used in language teaching.

B. Theoretical Framework

This stage discusses the steps that will be conducted in designing the materials. The study will be implementing the concept of Task-Based Language Teaching TBLT. TBLT is chosen because it develops the students’ participation in learning English. This method also facilitates the students with careful and systematic steps of achieving the objectives of the lesson. In completing the study, the researcher combines RD cycle with a Kemp’s instructional design model. Kemp’s instructional design is chosen due to several reasons. First, Kemp’s model flexibility enables it to be applied to all levels of education. Second, its continuous flexible cycle provides interdependence among the elements of the system. The first step is Research and information collecting. This stage aims at gathering data about the students and factors that can influence the students’ learning process. In this stage, the researcher conducts the interview and distribute questionnaire. The interview is conducted to English teacher in order to get information about the students’ characteristics, needs, problems, and preferences. The data will be derived from the English teachers’ experience. The questionnaires are distributed to the eighth-grade students of SMP N 3 Sleman. The researcher considers the learners’ characteristics which include two major characteristics as the basis for constructing the materials. The first major characteristics include some academic factors like students’ academic background, 32 level of intelligence, and preference. The second major or characteristics are the social factors such as age and relation among students. The researcher also collects information about their opinion on the use of animated movies in listening. This preliminary data will be useful to consider before designing the materials. The later stage is Planning. This stage concerns about elaborating the Standard Competences and Basic Competences. The Standard Competences will be used to formulate the goals of the lesson, while the Basic Competencies will be useful to formulate the objectives of the lesson. The objectives will take the role as the learning indicators. The learning indicators can be used to describe what the students are intended to be able to do after they complete the lesson. In this stage, the researcher also lists the subject content of the materials. The result of planning stage is used to develop the preliminary form of product. The teaching learning activities that will be performed in the lessons are determined here. Thus, the elements that have been obtained in the previous stage will be elaborated, combined, and modified in this stage to meet the goals of the study. The next step that should be conducted is Preliminary Field Testing. In order to check the validity of the designed materials, the researcher asks several experts to evaluate the materials. The instruments for evaluation are prepared to get the values, comments, criticisms, and suggestions on the designed materials. The evaluation result will show whether the materials designed are applicable and appropriate for the target students or not. After obtaining the result of the evaluation questionnaires, the researcher 33 analyzes the result. Using the result of the evaluation obtained in the previous stage, the researcher revises the designed materials. The revision is aimed at maximizing the quality and effectiveness of the designed materials.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, we shall be looking at some details of the methodology employed in the study. This chapter was divided into research method, research participants, research instruments, data gathering techniques, data analysis techniques, and research procedures.

A. Research Method

As formulated in the first chapter, there were two research problems that were going to be answered in this study. The first question raised how English instructional listening materials for the eighth grade students using animated movie are designed. The second question concerned what would the listening materials look like. In order to answer those research problems, the researcher selected specific certain research method. The research method would be used to specify the steps of conducting the study. Research and Development RD cycle offered by Borg and Gall 2007 would likely be conducted to answer the research questions. RD cycle, as defined by Borg and Gall 2007:589, was an industry-based development model in which the findings of the research are used to design new products and procedures, which then are systematically field tested, evaluated and refined until they meet specific criteria of effectiveness, quality, or similar standards. RD was chosen since its plan provided clear and systematic procedures of developing and