Review of Related Studies

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter is divided into three main parts, which are review of related studies, review of related theories, and theoretical framework. Review of related studies contains the reviews of the other previous studies such as undergraduate theses and journals related to this present study. Review of related theories contains the reviews of the theories applied in this present study. Meanwhile, theoretical framework contains the functions of the theories applied in order to solve the problems of this present study.

A. Review of Related Studies

The related studies in this study are taken from two journals and two undergraduate theses. These are needed for the comparison to this study itself. Each related study is discussed below. The first related study is taken from Windsor’s and Hwang’s journal 1997. They state that to understand the meaning of the words and the meaning of derivational categories is an important thing in order to identify the entire meaning of words receiving derivational affixes, especially suffixes, and to learn the word classes of suffixes. In their journal, Windsor and Hwang compare fourth-graders’ ability in Language Learning Students LLD to the same grade students in Language Age LA, and Chronological Age CA in analyzing suffix meanings because, according to them, the basic of derivational knowledge is on 6 the fourth grade. Based on their observation, they conclude that LLD students have comprehensive knowledge of word formation. Furthermore, they have opinion that derivational knowledge is not only useful for vocabulary growth but also useful for reading and spelling ability. The second related study is taken from Dressman 1985. In his journal, he analyzes the suffix {-ist}. He explains that the suffix {-ist} in English words is adopted from Greek. It is mostly contributed by philosophers and political writers in nineteenth century. He adds that the suffix {-ist} is often used by journalists and publicists so that it makes the suffix {-ist} become a productive suffix. Dressman analyzes which one of the base words that can be attached to the suffix {-ist}. Moreover, he also analyzes other suffixes that can be attached to the suffix {-ist} such as the suffix {-ic} in Romantic which becomes Romanticist. In his conclusion, he states that the suffix {-ist} is rarely attached to verbs and the function of it is as agentive nominalization. Another related study is taken from Setyorini’s undergraduate thesis 2005 entitled “A Morphological Study of the English Adjective Suffix {-al}”. She explains that, in her study, she analyzes three main problems as her discussion. Firstly, she analyzes the function and meaning of the suffix {-al} by using two sources which are Corpus Morphology and Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of English Language. Secondly, she analyzes the allomorphs that the suffix {-al} has. Thirdly, she uses Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary to find out the phonetic transcription in order to analyze the morphophonemic processes. Based on her analysis, she figures out that the 7 function of the suffix {-al} is to form nouns to be adjectives, while the meaning cannot be separated with its bases. She also explains that the suffix {-al} has four allomorphs which are {–ial}, {-ual}, {-inal}, and {–ar}. Besides, there are five morphophonemic processes that occur which are stress shift, consonant change, vowel change, insertion, and deletion. The last related study is taken from Hananto’s undergraduate thesis 2015 entitled “A Morphological Study of the Suffix {-ive}”. Hananto analyzes the suffix {-ive} by dividing his study into three objectives. The first objective is to collect the base of the suffix {-ive} based on two sources which are The New Oxford American Dictionary Second Edition and Webster’s New Explorer Encyclopedic Dictionary. The second objective is to find the allomorphs of the suffix {-ive}. The last objective is to identify the meaning of the root and the words attached to suffix {-ive}, and then to conclude the meaning of the suffix {- ive}. In his conclusion, he finds out that the bases of the suffix are verbs and nouns. He adds that, based on diachronic analysis, the suffix {-ive} is originated from Latin which is {-ivus}. He also finds out that the suffix {-ive} has two allomorphs which are {-ative} and {-itive}. In addition, the suffix {-ive} has some meanings because there is no coherence between the bases and the words attached to suffix {-ive}. The researcher considers that the related studies mentioned are relevant to this study. Those four related studies that discuss suffixes have some similarities to this study. In the first journal which has been mentioned by the researcher, Windsor and Hwang discuss LLD students’ knowledge of derivational 8 suffixes. It is similar to this study because the object of this study which is the suffix {-ure} is included as derivational suffixes. Additionally, the next journal written by Dressman which discusses the suffix {-ist} is similar to this study which also discusses suffix. Moreover, the undergraduate theses written by Setyorini and Hananto which discuss suffix also have some similarities to this study. In Setyorini’s undergraduate thesis, the analysis of the bases, function, meaning, and morphophonemic processes of the suffix {-al} that becomes her study is similar to the objectives of this study. Meanwhile, in Hananto’s undergraduate thesis, he also analyzes the bases and meaning of the suffix {-ive} which is the topic of his study. On the other hand, it is different in a way that the researcher would like to do this study on the different object. The first dissimilarity is shown in the first related study by Windsor and Hwang. They discuss derivational suffixes generally while this study focuses on the derivational suffix {-ure}. In Dressman’s journal, “The suffix –ist”, there are also two dissimilarities. Besides the suffix which is chosen, the suffix {-ist} is not categorized as the derivational suffix. Whereas, the suffix {-ure} does. The other dissimilarities are also found in the undergraduate theses mentioned above. In their undergraduate theses, Setyorini focuses on the suffix {-al} and Hananto focuses on the suffix {-ive} while this present study focuses on the suffix {-ure}. Besides, both theses use allomorphs as their main objects while in this study allomorphs are only used to support the analysis. 9 Due to the related studies above, this study is proposed to expand the study about suffixes. It can enrich the study in the field of morphology. This present study analyzes the suffix {-ure} in order to develop the morphology field as the suffix {-ure} has never been analyzed before.

B. Review of Related Theories