The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo Magazine

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THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOUND IN TEMPO

MAGAZINE

A PAPER WRITTEN BY

KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS REG. NO. 112202040

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

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It has been proved by

Supervisor,

NIP. 19541117198003 1 002 Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.

Submitted of Faculty Of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma (D-III) in English Study Program

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program

NIP. 193211261981121001

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara As a paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination

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Accepted by:

The Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma III (D-III) of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

The Examination is held on June 2014

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara Dean

NIP. 195110131976031001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.

Board of Examiners Examiners :

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) 2. Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S. (Supervisor) 3. Drs. M. Syafi’i, M.A. (Reader)

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for a awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgment in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary educations.

Signed : ………

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS

Title of paper : The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo Magazine Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

1) I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Culture Study USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

2) I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction

Signed : ………

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ABSTRACT

A paper entitled “The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo Magazine” discussed about affixation process that is one of field linguistics, Morphology. The data of this research is five articles in Tempo magazine 1405/September 23-29, 2013. The scope of this writing is to find some kinds of prefixes and suffixes are used in Tempo magazine and to find what the dominant affix is. The method of research applied is descriptive qualitative. After analyzing the data, there are 5 kinds of prefixes, namely an-,-in-, ex-, un-, and dis-totally 12 words and 16 kinds of suffixes, namely -al, able er/ers, ed, tion/ion, ly, ful, ing, ment, age, -ce, -or/-ors, -ity, -ness, and -less totally 202 words and the most dominant of affix is suffix in this magazine.

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ABSTRAK

Kertas karya yang berjudul “The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo Magazine” membahas tentang proses afiksasi yang merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu Linguistik yaitu Morpologi. Data dari penelitian ini adalah 5 artikel yang terdapat dalam majalah Tempo 1405/September 23-29, 2013. Batasan masalah dalam tulisan ini adalah untuk menemukan jenis prefiks dan sufiks yang digunakan dan jenis afiks apa yang dominan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam kertas karya ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Dari analisa data, ditemukan 5 jenis prefiks(awalan) yaitu an-, in-, ex-,un- dan dis-dengan jumlah 12kata dan 16 jenis sufiks (akhiran) yaitu –al, able ers, ed, tion/ion, ive, ly, ing, ment, -age, -ce, -or/-ors, -ty/-y, -ness and -less dengan jumlah 202 kata dan afiks yang paling dominan adalah suffiks dalam majalah ini.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh

First of all the writer of this paper would like to say thanks ALLAH SWTwho has given a lot of blessing to him in writing this paper. Therefore he is able tofinish writing this paper. The writer believes that without the blessing that Godsend him, this paper cannot be finished as it is.

Secondly, the writer also wants to send thanks to the people or friends who have given him spiritual encouragements to finish this paper. The writer alsobelieves that this paper has not reached its perfectness so he would be very happywhen its readers want to give some valuable suggestions for its perfectness. The writer does not forget to give special thanks to:

1) Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Dean of the Faculty of culture Study forthe facilities during her study at the Faculty.

2) Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A., the chairperson of the Englishdepartment of the D-III Program.

3) Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, as my supervisor for his valuable corrections.

4) Drs. M. Syafi’i, M.A, as my reader and reviewer of this paper

5) All lecturer in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and lessons

6) My beloved parents, Husni Lubis and Sunarsih who havenever found it boring to grow and send me to the university for my future.

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7) My beloved brothers, M. Yusuf Lubis, Muslih Lubis and Zulkifli Lubis thank you for taking care of me and for the big support

8) My beloved sisters, Hairani Lubis and Herlin Lubis, who have given me a valuable encouragement to finish my study.

9) TK Dewantara Medan Johor, for giving me great experiences.

10)My best friends, Tika ‘Ciiin’ , Diba ‘Hoo’ and Ima ‘Hoo’ who has been giving me the joy, laughter and many other things. Hope our friendship can last for many more years. Thank you for nice friendship, I believe that we will be the successful person for developing Indonesia. Amiin

11)All of my friends that have been helping me. Thank you so much

12)My special one, Aditia Permadi who has giving me inspiration and motivation.

May Allah Swt compensate whatever you have given to me.

Medan, July 2014

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TABLE OF CONTENT

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION………. i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION………. ii

ABSRTACT……….……….. iii

ABSTRAK………..……… iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS………. vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of Study……….………….. 1

1.2 The Problem of Study……….………… 4

1.3 The Scope of Study……… 4

1.4 The purpose of Study………. 4

1.5 Significance of Study………. 4

2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF MORPHOLOGY 2.1 The Definition of Morphology……….………….. 5

2.1.2 Morpheme………...……….…………. 6

2.1.3 Words……….………...… 8

2.1.4 Roots, Bases and Stem……….…………... 9

2.2 The Process of Morphology……….………….…. 9

2.2.1 Affixation……….. .……….….. 9

2.2.1.1 Inflectional Affixes………... ..… …….…… 10

2.2.1.2 Derivational Affixes………. ..… ……..…… 11

2.2.2 Reduplication……….……..…….. 13

2.2.3 Compounding……….…….……... 13

2.2.4 Conversion………..……… ……….…. 14

2.2.5 Backformation………..………..……….………….. 15

3. THE ANALYSIS 3.1 Prefixes……… 16

3.2 Suffixes……… 17

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion………... 24

4.2 Suggestion………....24

REFENCES ………. 25 APPENDICES

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study

The title of this paper is The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo Magazine. Dealing with the topic we may understand that it discusses about the ways of how to form new words.

Language is a means of communication. Through language we can communicate with other people and even with other nation. In order to be able to communicate with other nation we use English. English is one of international languages.

Bloomfield (1933:3) says that language plays a great part in our life. Perhaps because of its familiarity, we rarely observe it, taking it rather for granted, as we do breathing or walking. The effects of language are remarkable, and include much of what distinguishes man from the animals, but language has no place in our educational program or in the speculations of our philosophers.

According to Trask.R.L (1999:83) language is a very powerful means of declaring and maintaining one’s identity, and there is no reason to suppose that this function is less important to most people than communicating information.

In order to communicate in English well, we should have English proficiency both in written and spoken. In English, written is distinct from spoken. It is considered that written English is more difficult than spoken English. Furthermore, to be better in written English we must know about the grammar first. Grammar is the most important thing in studying English. Studying grammar enable us to know how to use English correctly.

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Kaplan (1995: 134) states that the term of grammar is often used to refer to a particular body of information about a language. It has something to do with the structure of words and sentence.

Verhaar (1996:3) says, “linguistik berarti ilmu tentang bahasa”. It means that linguistics is science of language. The object of study of linguistics is language which has many branches. One of them is morphology. It is same opinion with Bloomfield that he stated on his book.

Bloomfield (1933:3) also says that linguistics, the study of language, is only in its beginnings. Linguistics is the field of the study, where the subject of the study is the language. It is a scientific knowledge which can be applied to all languages in the world. It does not belong to a certain language only.

Katamba (1993:10) states that morphology (and the lexicon) are like a bridge that links the other modules of the grammar. It is therefore necessary to examine morphology not in isolation, but in relation to the other modules. Morphology interacts with phonology and syntax as well as semantics. So, it can only be studied by considering the phonological, syntactic and semantic dimensions of word.

In this case, the writer would like to describe oneof the linguistic aspects, e.g “Morphology”. Morphology is called the study of morphemes and their arrangement in forming word according to Nida (1946:1). Or, morphology is the branch of linguistics studying how words are structured and how they are put together from smaller parts. For example, the English word unfriendly is formed from friend, the adjective-forming suffix –ly and the negative prefix un-. The

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word-formation process or the morphological process is the process of forming new words with the rules of morphology. Even though some languages recognize a part of the formation processes, in morphology there are fourteen word-formation processes and one of them is affixation. Affixation is the adding of bound morphemes to the base to form a word. The bound morphemes added initially to the base are called prefixes those inserted into the base are called

infixes, and those added to the end of the base are called suffixes. English has many prefixes and suffixes. Affixation is an interesting object to be analyzed because in the morphological process the productive in forming a new word is affixation. In this paper, the analysis of affixation is focused on form, distribution, and function.

The reason why the writer chooses the affixation topic in this paper because the writer wants to know the process of how a word is formed in English vocabulary especially the one that found in articles selected in Tempo Magazine 1405/September 23-29, 2013.

Thus, the writer wants to show that there are can be discussed from the topics have chosen in which the writer found of some morphological process and one of them “Affixation” that normally consist of prefixation and sufixation. This kind of the process is very important to English students especially for those who want to increase their vocabulary and they can determine meaning more easily if they already know the meaning of an affix, such as anti-(againts).

The last, the writer also wants to shows the readers more about the process.In this paper, affixation is chosen as the subject of analysis, which

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particularly concerns with morphological process in Tempo Magazine September edition 2013 as the data of this analysis.

This magazine is very interesting to go in certain direction to find many English affixes aimed inside. So it is the real reason why it is chosen as the data of analysis, especially to find out the most dominant affix that used in this magazine. 1.2 The Problem of Study

Based on the background that has been described, it focuses on the following problems:

1. What prefixes and suffixes are used in the Tempo magazine? 2. What is the most dominant affix that used in the Tempo magazine? 1.3 The Scope of Study

The writer limits this paper to make it organized to the subject that writer wants to analyze. In this paper is focused on the morphological process of affixes includes prefixes and suffixes based on the form, distribution, function and also the kinds of prefixes and suffixes that occurred in Tempo Magazine.

1.4 The Purpose of Study

The purposes in writing this paper are finish the study fromEnglish Department of the Diploma Program of the Faculty of Culture Study and to find out what the prefixes and suffixes are used in five articles in Tempo Magazine. 1.5 Significance of The Study

This paper is expected to give some significance for readers, they are to add the readers acknowledge about affixation in the magazine and to be reference for further studies concerning morphology.

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2. A BRIEF DISCRIPTION OF MORPHOLOGY 2.1 The Definition of Morphology

Morphology is a field of linguistics study that focused on the formation of words in a language. It means that how the words made from a morpheme or the morphemes as like as E.A Nida says that morphology is the study of morphemes and their arrangements in forming words.

While Coates stated on his book (1999:8) morphology is morph-ology, the second element meaning ‘the academic study of word’, as in psychology, biology

and so on. The first element is an adaptation of the Greek word meaning ‘form’ or ‘shape’. It was also present in morpheme. So a morpheme is a separate or distinctive unit of the form or shape words. Words will tend to have structure for some purpose, which is why morphemes typically have a meaning of their own.

Bloomfield (1933:207) says that by morphology of a language we mean the constructions in which bound forms appear among the constituents. By definition, the resultants forms are either bound forms or words, but never phrases. Accordingly, we may say that that morphology includes the constructions of words and parts of words.

Morphology, the study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, include: inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds. At the basic level, words are made of “morphemes”. These are the smallest units of meaning: roots and affixes (prefixes and suffixes). Native speakers recognize the morphemes as grammatically significant or meaningful. For example, “schoolyard” is made of “school” + “yard”, “makes” is made of “make” + a

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grammatical suffix “-s”, and “unhappiness” is made of “happy” with a prefix “un-” and a suffix “-ness“un-”.

2.1.2 Morpheme

Nida (1946:1) says that morphemes are the minimal meaningful units which may constitute words or parts of words, e.g. - re, de, un, ly, ceive, -mand, -tie, -boy, and –like in the combinations receive, demand, untie, boyish, likely. The morpheme arrangements which are treated under the morphology of a language include all combinations of words into phrases and sentences are treated under the syntax.

Katamba (1993:24) states that the morpheme is the smallest difference in the shape of a word that correlates with the smallest difference in word or sentence meaning or in the grammatical structure. For example, sawed, sawn, sawing and saws can all be analyzed into the morpheme. {Saw} can occur on its own as a word; it does not have to be attached to another morpheme. It is a free morpheme. However, none of the other morphemes listed just above is free. Each must be affixed (attached) to some other unit; each can only occur as a part of a word. Morphemes that must be attached as word parts are said to be bound morpheme.

Katamba (1993:20) states that the term morpheme is used to refer to the smallest, indivisible units of semantic content or grammatical function which words are made up off. By definition, a morpheme cannot be decomposed into smaller units which are either meaningful by themselves or mark a grammatical function like singular or plural number in the noun. If we divided up the word fee

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[fi:] (which contains just one morpheme) into, say, [f] and [i:] means by itself since sounds in themselves do not have meaning.

Morphemes, the morphological building blocks of words, are defined as the minimal linguistics units with a lexical or a grammatical meaning. For instance, the noun buyer consists of two morphemes, buy and –er. The verbal morpheme buy is called a free or lexical morpheme, because it can occur as a word by itself, whereas –er is an affix.

Based on the definition above it can be conclude that Morpheme is a meaningful of linguistics unit consisting of a word (such as dog; is a word) or a word element (such as the –s at the end of dogs).

Morpheme can be classified as either free or bound form. 1. Free Morpheme

Free morpheme is a morpheme that can stand alone as an independent word. For example, people, pretty, through, big, man, red, cut. Katamba (1993:41) stated that many words contain a root standing on its own. Roots, which are capable of standing independently, are called free morpheme.

2. Bound Morpheme

Another type of morpheme is the bound morpheme, which occurs only when attached to another morpheme. In other words, bound morpheme is dependent form. Katamba (1993:42) stated on his book while only roots can be free morphemes, not all roots are free. Many roots are incapable of occurring in isolation. They always occur with some other word-building elements combine to them.

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The types of bound morphemes include prefixes and suffixes. For examples:

suffix –ful in faithful

prefix -re in return

suffix –ty in safety 2.1.3 Words

Katamba (1993: 21) says that word is unit of language that comes meaning and consist of one or more morpheme which are linked more or less tightly together and has a phonetically value, typically a word will consist of root or stem and zero or more affixes word can be combine to create phrase, clause, and sentence.

Words can be chopped into smaller pieces. At the phonological level, words can be divided into syllables or segments, and segments into their constituent phonological features. At the morphological level, words may consist of more than one unit as well.

Words are usually the easiest units to identify in the written language. So words are units composed of one or more morphemes; they are also the units of which phrases are composed.

For example in all right, English speaker might not agree whether all right

is one word or two and as a result disputes may arise as to whether alright is the correct way of writing all right.

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2.1.4 Roots, Bases and Stems

Coates (1999:27-29) says that when we look at words that have some internal structure, we may decide that the elements they consist of are not all equal: that some are more central than others.

In sending, for instance, we see the structure send-ing and conclude that the free morpheme send has had the bound morpheme –ing attached after it, and not vice versa.

The key element to which others are added is called the Root of the word. In other word, Root is a morpheme on which the rest of a word is built. For example, faith, frog, clean, hard, window.

A base is the any structure to which an affix may be added. A base can be a plain root. For example, switch, bottle, vanilla. A base can also consist of a root plus one or more affixes (corny, ex-husband). That we knew, not all affixes are lexical- some are grammatical.

What that is added grammatical affixes to is called Stem. A Stem is therefore a special kind of base. All stem are bases, but not all bases can be stems in English. For example: faith, window-clean, hardship.

2.2 The Process of Morphology 2.2.1 Affixation

Affixation is the adding of bound morphemes to the base to form a word. For example, be-head, discuss-ion, pre-pay, un-familiar-ity, form-al-is-able.

Katamba (1993:44) stated on his book an affix is a morpheme which only occurs when attached to some other morpheme or morphemes such as root or

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stem or base. Obviously, by definition affixes are bound morpheme. No word may contain only an affix standing on its own, like –s or –ed or –al or even a number of affixes strung together like –al-s.

Bauer (1998:25) says that only some of recurrent sequences of letters (or sound, in the spoken form of the language) which are not words are affixes. Affixes must also have their own meaning (although it may be difficult to specify precisely what that meaning is). For example, the un- in unfamiliarity means something like ‘not’, and is also found in other words like unnatural, unlikely, uninspiring, etc. But although there are other words such as uncle, undercoat, uniform, unit which begin with the same letters (and in some cases, the same sounds as well), these words do not have the affix un- because the bit that is left if the affix is removed is not a word of English and the un- does not have the appropriate meaning.

According to Katamba (1993:47-48) Affixes can be divided into two major functional categories, namely inflectional and derivational. This reflects recognition of two principal word building process: inflection and derivation. While all morphologists accept this distinction in some form, it is nevertheless one of the most contentious issues in morphological theory.

2.2.1.2 Inflectional Affixes

The purpose ofinflectional Affixes is to show the grammatical function of a form. For instance, Affixes –s is needed to change singular form to be plural form. Affixes –ed is needed to change the base verbal form to be past form. While

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affixes –er and –est is needed to show that it is degree of comparison. In other word, it is changing the meaning of the base to which they are attached.

2.2.1.3 Derivational Affixes

In this term is different from inflectional affixes. In this form, it is changing the word-class from one word-class to another. For example, the addition of –ly to the adjectives kind and simple produces the adverbs kind-ly and

simp-ly. As rule, it is possible to derive an adverb by adding the suffix –ly to an adjectival base.

Affixes consist of suffixes, prefixes and infixes. 1. Suffixes

Suffixes (sometimes called postfixes) are the affixed morpheme goes after the stem. There some of suffixes in English:

a) suffix –able

e,g:suit + -able = suitable

consider + -able = considerable

b) suffix –al

e,g : tradition + -al= traditional emotion + -al = emotional

globe + -al = global

c) suffix –er

e,g :play + -er = player bank + -er = banker

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d) suffix –or

e.g :edit + -or = editor invest + -or = investor

moderate + -or = moderator

e) suffix –tion

e,g :cooperate + -ion = cooperation decorate + -ion = decoration

contribute + -ion = contribution

2. Prefixes

Prefixes are the affixed morpheme goes before the stem. There are some of prefixes:

a) prefix

dis-e,g:dis- + agree = disagree dis- + cover = discover

dis- + like = dislike

b) Prefix

re-e.g :re- + write = rewrite

re- + construct = reconstruct

c) Prefix

un-e.g :un- + certain = uncertain un- + aware = unaware un- + lucky = unlucky

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2.2.2 Reduplication

Reduplication:(repetition / copying). For example: Malay language orang

‘man’, orang-orang ‘men’). Reduplicatives are used in a variety of ways. Some

simply imitate sounds: ding-dong, bow-wow. Some suggest alternative

movements: flip-flop, ping-pong. Some are disparaging: dilly-dally, wishy-washy. And some intensify meaning: teeny-weeny, tip-top. Reduplication is not a major means of creating lexemes in English, but it is perhaps the most unusual one.

2.2.3 Compounding

Yule (1965:54) states that compounding is a joining of two separate words to produces a single form Thus, lehn and wort are combined to produced

lenwortin German. On the other wordsthis process is a compounding two or more base form and get word or form in new meaning. In English, this compounding of words are very variation and complex form. There is some of variation form: 1. Compound Noun

a. noun + noun For example:

hand book = handbook ‘buku pegangan’ mail box = mailbox ‘kotak masuk email’ post office = postoffice ‘kantor pos’

b. Adjective + Noun For example:

greenhouse = greenhouse ‘rumah kaca’

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c. verb + Noun For example:

kill joy = killjoy ‘orang yang suka merusak kesenangan orang lain’ break water = breakwater ‘pemecah gelombang’

cut throat = cut-throut ‘persaingan yang kejam’ 2. Compound Adjective

Noun + adjective For example:

letter perfect = letter-perfect ‘melakukan hal yang pasti dan benar’ garden fresh = garden-fresh ‘kebun yang udaranya sejuk’ 3. Compound Verb

Adjective + Noun For example:

bad mouth = bad-mouth ‘mengatakan hal buruk tentang seseorang’ black list = black-list ‘daftar hitam’ (dicoret, tidak digunakan lagi) cold shoulder = cold-shoulder ‘acuh tak acuh’ (selalu menghindari orang

yang tak ingin ditemui) 2.2.4 Conversion

The conversion process is particularly productive in modern English, with new uses occurring frequently. The conversion can involve verbs becoming nouns, with guess, must and spy as the sources of a guess, a must and a spy.

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takeover). One complex verb combination (want to be) has become a new noun, as in he isn’t in the group, he’s just a wannabe.

2.2.5 Backformation

Backformation is a very specialized type of reduction process known as backformation (Yule 1965:56). Typically, a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb). A good example of backformation is the process whereby the noun television first came into use and then the verb televise was created form it. Other examples of words created by this process are: donate (from ‘donation’), emote (from ‘emotion’), and enthuse

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3. THE ANALYSIS

The writer has analyzed kinds of affixesthat focused on prefixes and suffixes and the data of the analysis is five articles in Tempo Magazine 1405/September 23-29, 2013.The results of analysis are following:

3.1Prefixes

There are five kinds of prefixes that the writer found in article selected in Tempo Magazine, namely:

1. Prefix

an-Prefix an-+ other => another 2. Prefix in

-a) Prefix in- + stability => Instability

In this word, stability is noun form that added prefix in- and instability is opposite of stability.

b) Prefix in- + consistent => Inconsistent

In this word, consistent is adjective form that added prefix in-. Inconsistent is opposite of consistent

3. Prefix ex

-Prefix ex- + change => Exchange

In this case, the function of prefix ex- is to show that the base form (change) is opposite of exchange

4. Prefix

un-a) Prefix un- + healthy => Unhealthy

In this word, healthy is adjective form that added prefix un-. Unhealthy is opposite of healthy.

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b) Prefix un- + able => unable

In this word, able is adjective as base form that added prefix un-. The meaning of unable is also opposite of able.

5. Prefix

dis-Prefix dis-+ covering => discovering

In this word, covering is verb form that added prefix dis- become discovering. The function of prefix dis-, opposite of covering

3.1 Suffixes

The kind of suffixes that has found in five of articles in Tempo magazine is sixteen, namely:

1. Suffix –al

a) Nation + -al => national

In this word, nation is noun as base form that added suffix -al. The meaning of national is more than one nation.

b) Vocation + -al => vocational

In this word, vocation is noun form that added suffix -al become vocational as noun but they are different because it more that one vacation

c) Organization + -al => organizational

In this word, organization is noun form that added suffix -al become organizational as noun but they are different because organizational means that more that one organization

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In this word, culture is noun form that added suffix -al become cultural as noun

2. Suffix –ial

a) President + -ial=> presidential

President is noun form that added suffix -ial. Presidential is adjective form.

b) Office + -ial=> official

Office is noun form that added suffix -ial. Official is adjective form.

c) Commerce + -ial => commercial

Commerce is noun form that added suffix -ial. Commercial is adjective form.

d) Finance + -ial => financial

Finance is noun form that added suffix -ial. Financial is adjective form. 3. Suffix –able

a) Consider + -able => considerable

Consider is verb form that added suffix -able. Considerable is adjective form 4. Suffix –er/-ers

a) Import + -ers => importers

In this word, import is verb as base form that added suffix -ers become importers. It means some persons who act the activity.

b) Farm + -ers => farmers

In this word, farm is verb as base form that added suffix -ers become farmers. It means some persons farm.

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In this word, pray is verb as base form that added suffix -er become prayer. The word class of prayer has changed become noun. It means that a person who pray.

d) Small + -er => smaller

In this word, small is adjective that added suffix -er become smaller. It means comparison degree. In other word, the function of suffix -er is comparison.

e) Bomb + -er => bomber

In this word, bomb is verb that added suffix -er become bomber as noun. It means a person who throws or places bomb.

5. Suffix –ed

a) Address + -ed => addressed

In this word, address is noun that added suffix -ed become addressed. The function of suffix -ed is to show the action in the past.

b) Change+ -ed => changed

Change is verb as base form that added suffix -ed become changed. It means action in the past time.

6. Suffix –tion/-ion

a) Object + -ion => objection

In this case, object is noun as base form that added suffix- ion. The meaning of objection is noun also.

b) Affect + -ion => affection

In this word, affect is verb that added suffix -ion become affection. It has changed become noun.

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c) Discriminate + -ion=> discrimination

Discriminate is verb then added with suffix -ion become discrimination. It has changed become noun

d) Educate + -ion => education

Educate is verb that added suffix -ion become education. It has changed word class become noun.

e) Obligate + -ion => obligation

Obligate is verb that added suffix -ion become obligation. It has changed word class become noun.

7. Suffix –ly

a) Clear + -ly => clearly

Clear is adjective that added suffix -ly become clearly. The meaning of clearly is adjective also.

8. Suffix –ful

a) Wonder+ -ful=> wonderful

Wonder is verb as base form that added suffix -ful become wonderful. It has changed of word class become noun.

9. Suffix –ing

a) Meet + -ing=> meeting

In this word, meet is verb that added suffix –ing. The function of suffix –ing

is to show that the action is happening now. 10.Suffix –ment

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In this word, assign is verb as base form that added suffix -ment. The word class of assignment has changed become noun.

b) Require + -ment => requirement

Require is verb that added suffix -ment become requirement. It means adding

suffix -ment has changed word class of requirement become noun.

c) Develop + -ment => develpoment

Develop is verb that added suffix- ment. Development is noun. 11.Suffix –age

a) Marry + -age => marriage

In this case, marry is verb as base form that added suffix -age. Marriage is noun.

12.Suffix –ce

a) Consequent + -ce => consequence

Consequent is adjective that added suffix -ce. It has changed, consequence become noun.

b) Emergency + -ce => emergence

Emergency is adjective that added suffix -ce. The word class has changed, emergence is noun

c) Convenient + -ce => convenience

Convenient is adjective that added suffix -ce. The word class has changed, convenience is noun.

13.Suffix –or/-ors

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Speculate is verb form that added suffix ors become speculators. The function of suffix -or is some person who act. In other word, speculators means that persons who speculate.

b) Regulate + -ors=> regulators

Regulate is verb form that added suffix ors. Regulators mean noun form.

c) Cultivate + -ors=> cultivators

Cultivate is verb form that added suffix ors,cultivators become noun form.

d) Audit + -or => auditor

Audit is verb form that added suffix or. The word class changed, auditor is noun.

e) Visit + -ors => Visitors

Visit is verb form that added suffix or. The word class changed, auditor is noun form.

14.Suffix –ity

a) Ethnic + -ity =>ethnicity

Ethnic is noun form that added suffix ity become ethnicity. Ethnicity is adjective form.

b) Plural+ -ity => plurality

Plural is noun form that added suffix ity become plurality. Plurality is adjective form.

15.Suffix –ness

Wit + -ness => Witness

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16.Suffix-less

Regard + -less => regardless

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4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1CONCLUSION

1. After analyzing the data, writer finds 5 prefixes and the number of prefixes totally is 12 words. The prefixes are an-, in-, ex-, un- and dis-. The writer also finds 16 suffixes are used in five articles of Tempo Magazine and the number of suffixes totally is 202 words. The suffixes are –al, -ial, -able, -er/-ers, -ed, -tion/-ion, -ly, -ful, -ing, -ment, -age, -ce, -or/-ors, -ity, -ness and –less.

2. The dominant affix that has found in this magazine is suffixes.

4.2 SUGGESTION

Based on the conclusion of the research there are some suggestion to everyone who reads this paper reader should learn morphology seriously, because the subject is very complex and related one to others. So, if the reader missed some materials, they would not understand the others. Reader must be carefully in studying the morphological process, how to build the words, how to form the words become new words or new meaning. Finally, the reader who wants to analyze the process of morphology, should analyze the data carefully and relate to theory proposed by the linguist she/ he chooses

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References

Bauer, Laurie. 1998. Vocabulary. New Fetter Lane, New York: Routledge Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language.New York: United State of America

Cahyono, Yudi Bambang. Kristal-Kristal Ilmu Bahasa. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press

Coates, Richard. 1999. Word Structure. London: Routledge

Katamba, F. 1993. Modren Linguistics-Morphology. Hampshire, New York: PALGRAVE

Lubis, Syahron Drs. M.A. 2006. Kosakata Bahasa Inggris. (Unpublished book). Medan: UniversitasMuhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Matthews, P.H.1997. Dictionary of Linguistics. New York. Oxpord University Press

Muchtar, Muhizar Drs. M.S. 2006.Morphology. (Unpublished book)Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara

Nida Eugene A. 1949. Morphology. Rexdale, Canada: The University of

Michigan

Sembiring, C.A. 2013.Kompilasi Bahan Kuliah. Medan, Sumatera Utara: The University of North Sumatera

Sembiring. C.A 2014. Buku Panduan Program D-3 Studi Bahasa Inggris.Medan, Sumatera Utara: The University of North Sumatera

Sibarani, Robert. 2001. An Introduction to Morphology. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka

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Verhaar, J.W.M 1996. Asas-asas Linguistik Umum. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press

Yule, George. 1987. The Study of Language, Second Edition, Cambridge: The Press Syndicate of University Cambridge

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Appendices 1. Prefixes

a. Prefix

an-Another (page41, line2)

b. Prefix

in-Instability (page42, line179); inconsistent (page43, line241); inimitable (page 56, line14); inevitably (page56, line 99)

c. Prefix

ex-Exchange (page41, line 96) d. Prefix

un-Unhealthy (page43, line248); unable (page III, line83); unfairly (page III, line 94); unrestricted (page41, line25); uncertainty (page41, line67)

e. Prefix

dis-Discovering (page IV, line170) 2. Suffixes

a. Suffix –al

Presidential (page41,line19); commercial (page41,line38); officials (page41,line67); national (page42,line210); organizational (page56,line44); vocational (page II,line29); principal (page III, line46); financial (page IV,page175); medical (page IV,line170); cultural (pageVIII,line71)

b. Suffix –able

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c. Suffix –er/-ers

Importers (page 41,line9); producers (page41, line116), farmers (page41,line123); employer (page42,line136); smaller (page42,line136); former (page42,line185), bigger (page43,line239); deserters (page56,line63); islander (page57,line117); laughter (pageII,line8); planter (pageIII,page51); announcer (IV, line 210); listeners (page IV,line213); pioneer (page IV,line223); prayer (pageV,line1); foreigner (pageV,line64); bomber (pageVI,line86); younger (pageVII,line33); shelter (pageVII,line81);

workers(pageVII,line139)

d. Suffix –ed

Addressed (page41, line7); charged (page41, line116); aimed (page41, line17); changed (page42, line39); intended (page41,line37); controlled (page41, line50); maintained (page57,line155); checked (page42,line139);

planted (page42,line150); compared (page42,line156); cultivated

(page42,line270); improved (page43,270); departed (page57,line168);

baptized (page57,line214); started (page II, line12); institutionalized (pageII,line38); fixed (page II, line39); pointed (page III,line44); enjoyed (pageIII,line53); established (pageIII,line55); determined (pageIII,line69);

watched (pageIII,line73); dreamed (pageIII,line102); owned

(pageIII,line113); emphasized (pageIII,line125); learned (pageIV,line143);

introduced (pageIV,line147); agreed (pageIV,line162); relieved

(pageIV,line172); assigned (pageIV,line194); varied (page IV,line206);

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(pageV,line13); converted (pageV,line47), fostered (pageV,line52); triggered (pageV,line57); caused (pageV,line63); leased(pageVI,line78); devastated (pageVI,line95); intervened (pageVI,line100); joined (pageVI,page105);

included (pageVII,line8); displayed (pageVII,line18); named

(pageVIII,line53); headed (pageVIII,line55); gained (pageVIII,line60); critized

(pageVIII,line63); destroyed(pageVIII,line82); avoided(pageVIII,line91); donated (pageVIII,line101); covered (pageVIII,line117); responded (pageVIII,line128)

e. Suffix –tion/-ion

Emotion (page41,line8); regulation (page41,line19); distribution

(page41,line21); calculations (page41,line41); restrictions (page41,line59);

conclusion (page41,line68); division (page41,line78); corruption

(page41,line84); investigation (page41,line87); objection (page41,line101); situation (page42,line168); transportation (page43,line240); fluctuations (page43,line247); indication (page43,line253); manipulation

(page43,line261); consideration (page56.line36); affection (page56,line58); colonization (page56,line61); population (page56,line92); contraption (page57,line115); affection (page11,line37), institution (pageIII,line56); discrimination (pageIII,line82); decision (pageIII,line97); education (pageIII,line107); mission (pageIII,line110); application (pageIII,line116); foundation (pageIII,line126); obligation (pageIV,line172); population (pageV,line19); demonstration (pageV,line28); retaliation (pageVI,line151);

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circumcision (pageVI,line167); generation (pageVII,line33); eviction (pageVIII,line89); instruction (pageVII,line22)

f. Suffix –ly

Clearly (page41,line17); finally (page41,line52); definitely (page41,line76); supply (page41,line104); luckily (page42,line54); hardly (page43,line228); actually (page43,line254); respectively (page43,line286); conversely

(page43,line290); pointedly (page56.line15); expensively (page56,line45); eventually (page56,line65); presently (page56,line82); gently (page56,line96);

practically (page56,line111); casually (page57,line113); surely

(page57,line126); lively (page57,line175); solemnly (page57,line176);

uniquely (page57,line181); constinuously (pageII,line30); nearly

(pageII,line35); possibly (pageIII,line63); especially (pageIII,line116),

intentionally (pageIII,line135); formly (pageIII,line141); slowly

(pageIIV,line153); relatively (pageIV,line179); mostly (pageVI,line113);

quickly (pageVI,line162); early (pageVIII,line103); daily (pageVIII,line113);

gradually (pageVIII,line133) g. Suffix –ful

Wonderful (page56,line75); meaningful (pageVI,line127) h. Suffix –ing

Meeting (page41,line29); anticipating (page 41,33); producing

(page42,line194); depending (page42,line213); running (page56,line1);

expecting (page56,line20); providing (page56,line74); feeding

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(pageII,line30); passing (IV,line142); discovering (pageIV,line170); emphasizing (pageIV,line220)

i. Suffix –ment

Assignment (page41,line12); requirement (page41,line45); instrument (page41,line120); government (page41,line127); settlement (pageIV,line142); commitment (pageIII,line70); enrollment (pageIV,line144); development (pageVI,line164); environment (pageVII,line36)

j. Suffix –age

Marriage (pageV,line46) k. Suffix –ce

Consequence (page41,line65); emergence (page43,line266); convenience

(page57,line122); tolerance (pageII,line37) l. Suffix –or/-ors

Speculators (page41,line77); regulators (page41,line85); cultivators (page43,line229); instructor (pageII,line41); auditor (pageIV,line169); ancestors (pageV,line43); perpetrators (pageIV,line87); visitors

(pageVI,line155); governor (pageVIII,line110) m. Suffix –ity

Affability (page56,line88); steady (page57,line143); fraternity

(page57,line201); diversity (pageII,line18); ethnicity (page III,line75); plurality (pageV,line34); hostility (pageV,line61); opportunity (pageVIII,line111)

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Witness (page57,line142); o. Suffix -less

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The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo Magazine