national and
international journals,
newspapers, related
magazines, encyclopedias and dictionaries. In addition, the writer also uses electronic
sources like e-books and websites.
1.5.2 Methods of Approach
Suharsini Arikunto in his book entitled Prosedur Penelitian Suatu
Pendekatan Praktek asserts that method of approach has to be integrated with the point of view of the research 2010:121. Based on this statement, the writer will
use exponential and sociology of literature approaches. The exponential approach does not completely evaluate all the structures that exist in the literature. It means
that the object studied in a literary work is just several aspects that represent in it, especially the intrinsic aspects of a work. In this study, the writer employs an
exponential approach to analyze the intrinsic elements that exist in the film like characters, setting, and conflict.
The last approach in this research is sociology of literature approach. It was developed by Laurenson and Swingewood 1972. According to Laurenson
and Swingewood in their book entitled The Sociology of Literature 1972:11-12,
sociology of literature approach actually contains the combination of sociology theory with literature theory. Sociology is principally specific object of study of
every person in community, the study of social institution and social process; it searches for the answer of some questions about the existence and structure of
society, while literature is specifically focused on the position of individual in society circumstance. The sociologists are concern that sociology of literature is
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very helpful toward analyzing the extrinsic elements especially some reflection of cultural values phenomena in literary works.
These extrinsic elements in literary works can be analyzed by employing some related theories toward the objective of the research. In this research, the
writer uses theory of personal and cultural values by Roy D’Andrade 2008. Additionally, the writer also involves some aspects of cultural values from
Shalom H. Schwartz’s theory 2006 in order to make a complete data analysis. Since both of these theories are complementary each other, therefore the writer
combines both of these theories in analyzing the manifestation of American cultural values reflected by Brad Cohen in
Front of the Class movie completely. 5
