Likewise, reading as receptive skills also is unique as listening. Reading used to receive the communication via writing through kinds of media of writing.
The most common media used in writing are papers, books, journals, novels, or notes. As we know the way its written is different among any media. An academic
papers or books for instance will use formal written English. On the other hand, novels and notes may use informal language. As for informal language, the reader
usually does not have to be in the same base knowledge to read notes or novels because it is usually used in daily conversational language people commonly used.
Yet, academic papers and books are much more complex. It requires the readers to have at least the same background knowledge as the writers in order to comprehend
and understand the information written in it.
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This is in line with Alderson who stated that to comprehend in reading, many kinds of factors included. The level of
understanding, the technique of reading and reading purposes affect many kinds of reading orientation toward getting information out of a written media. One may read
for pleasure, academic purposes or getting information. Whereas, one may read with skimming technique just to extract the information needed from the written media
or some other may read the whole book intensively just to help them understand the information written.
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D. Language Skills in Curriculum 2013
According to KI and KD of curriculum 2013, it is not only literally that uses language skills, but they also focused on student centered learning. This means that
in Curriculum 2013 students were expected to use language skills with several Characteristic values embedded. Those aspects of characteristics are self-discipline,
honest, polite, responsible, cooperative, responsive, proactive and religious value. However in the real classroom activities, many problems could happen while the
28
Jeremy Harmer, op cit., p. 17.
29
J Charles Alderson, Assessing Reading, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 1
– 66.
classroom is in progress. Brown and Yule believe that teaching speaking in a classroom is another different level. The writing exercises relatively easy to
manage, whereas the students could solve it individually with their own pace of writing speed, their range of vocabulary or grammar understanding. However,
speaking is different. They cannot speak individually. They need someone to listen to their speaking and respond to what they have said.
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Not only exercising the students to learn using language skill as real and as active as possible, the KI and KD in Curriculum 2013 also emphasizes the process
of learning for a students. It can be started with their beliefs about gratefulness of their chances in learning English language in order to enhance their mental
foundation about how important of studying a foreign language nowadays, then appreciating all those beliefs into study. This KD manages students to analyze their
materials when they study, leave them to observe their materials, analyze and then derive their own comprehension on the speaking materials. In the last process, they
construct their materials and then produce their speaking from their understanding during their analysis of the materials. The class session in Curriculum 2013 is also
longer compared to class session in KBK and KTSP. It is given in reconsideration of Curriculum 2013 process of analyzing and student centered session during the
class consume lots of time so that students are given longer session in classroom.
E. Previous Study
