From those statements, we know that narrative is one of the literary text that tell about an imaginative story complete with the time, the place, the
plot, and also the characters in that story.
2. The Objectives of Narrative Text
People read narrative text might be basically for enjoyment and pleasure; to gain a reader’s interest. It means they like enjoying themselves to
read any kinds of stories because they may possess similar feelings or find themselves in like situation. This
is in line with the statement “some purposes of narrative text are to explain and account for the relationship between people
and their world, and also to entertain the reader. ”
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The objective of narrative is to tell a story or relate an event or anecdote. Narrative often builds suspense and reserve a surprise until the end.
They may reveal rather than explain, letting the reader interpret the meaning, or they may direct attention to a social or political concern that has universal
relevance.
35
Mark and Cathy Anderson state another objective of narrative, besides entertain the reader, narrative can be to make the audience think about an
issue, teach them a lesson, or excite their emotions.
36
In sum up, the objectives of narrative text are the reader as if involved within the story to get pleasure, and also to get the feeling of some issue.
34
Judy Hardy and Damien Klarwein, Written Genres in the Secondary School, Cairns: Cairns Education Centre, 1990, p. 16.
35
Anderson, 1997, Loc.Cit.
36
Anderson, 2003, Loc.Cit.
3. The Schematic Structure of Narrative Text
An effective narrative text has several significant characteristics which a reader may use as standard to guide his reading. In a traditional narrative, the
focus of the text is on series of actions. Those are as following: a.
Orientation: Setting in time and place, characters In the first paragraph the narrator tells the audience who is in the
story, when it is happening, where it is happening, and what is going on.
b. Complication: Problem to be solved by character
This is the part of the story where the narrator tells about something that will begin a chain of events. These events will
affect one or more of the characters. Then, telling the problem to be solved by characters.
c. Resolution: The solution to the complication – a suitable ending to
the story In this part of the narrative where the complication is sorted out or
the problem is solved. It means that how is the problem that is created in the complication finally solved.
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Mark and Cathy Anderson state that the schematic structures of narrative text are:
a. an orientation in which the narrator tells the audience about who is
in the story, when the story is taking place, and where the action is happening
b. a complication that sets off a chain of events that influences what
will happen in the story c.
a sequence of events where the characters react to the complication
d. a resolution in which the characters solved the problem created in
the complication.
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The writer concludes that there is a little bit difference among the experts in dividing the schematic structure of narrative text. But actually their
intention is still the same. From the experts’ statements above for example, in
the first statement there are just three schematic structures of narrative text: orientation, complication, and resolution. And in the second one it is added a
37
Hardy and Klarwein, 1990, Loc.Cit.
38
Anderson, 2003, Loc.Cit.
sequence of event. According to the writer, a sequence of events can be a part of complication.
The following is the example of schematic structure of narrative text:
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39
http:www.isdaryanto.comdefinition-of-narrative-text , retrieved on Nopember 27 2012
Long time ago a remote village, in central China was inhabited mainly with farmers and hunters.
One day, a poor farmer lost his entire livestock to flood. He prayed hard to God for help or his
family would die of starvation.
Few days later, an old man with long grey beard, passed by his house took pity on him. He gave
him a goose and said “ I don’t have any expensive thing to give you and hope this goose
will help you to ease your hardship.” A week later to almost surprise the farmer found
and egg in his yard. This was no ordinary egg. It was a golden egg. He was suddenly overcome
with joy.
Thereafter, his livelihood had rapidly improved but the farmer had forgotten his earlier hardship.
He became lazy, arrogant and spendthrift.
Strangely, the goose only laid one golden egg every six months. The greedy farmer lost his
patient and slaughtered his goose thinking there were plenty of golden eggs inside its stomach.
Though he very much regretted for his
foolishness, it’s already too late.
orientation
resolution complication
4. The Grammatical Features of Narrative Text
Narrative text usually includes the following grammatical features. Here the writer explains the grammatical features of narrative text with the
example taken from the text on the previous page. They are: a.
nouns that identify the specific characters and places in the story e.g. farmer, hunter, village, man, goose, egg
b. adjectives that provide accurate descriptions of the characters and
settings e.g. poor farmer, old man, long grey beard, expensive thing, ordinary egg, golden egg, lazy, arrogant, greedy farmer
c. verbs that show the actions that occur in the story e.g. lost, prayed,
passed, took pity, gave, help, found, forgotten, laid, too late d.
time words that connect events, telling when they occurrede.g. long time ago, one day, few days later, a week later, thereafter.
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C. Jigsaw Technique
1. The Understanding of Jigsaw Technique
Jigsaw is one of technique in cooperative learning method. The idea of cooperative learning is that if student want to succeed in a team, he must help
his team-mates in doing the task that they have to solve.
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It means that the students have to cooperate in order they can get a whole picture of the lesson
material. Because if one of them do not help the other, he will miss one pieces of the material. In a classroom using cooperative learning, students work on
activities in small, heterogeneous group, and they often get some rewards for the overall of their performance.
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Jigsaw is one of interesting technique of cooperative learning method that is very simple to apply in a classroom.
In Jigsaw technique, students are assigned to five or six member heterogeneous study teams. Academic materials are presented to the students
40
Anderson, 2003, Loc.Cit.
41
Robert E Slavin, Cooperative Learning: second edition, Needham Heights: A simon and Schuster Company, 1995, p. 4.
42
Myra Pollack Sadker and David Miller Sadker, Teachers, Schools, and Society: Seventh edition, New York: Mc Graw Hill, 2005, p. 98.
