Type of Research Type of Data

CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD

In doing this research, there are several steps to be done. One of them is arranging the methodology of the research. This step is used to elaborate the way the researcher conducts the research. Its aim is to get the validity and the accuracy of the research results. This chapter particularly comprises of several subchapters: the type of research, the type of data, the data collection, and the data analysis.

3.1 Type of Research

This study conducts quantitative and qualitative research, it is because this research describe the most used strategy of gratitude expression with the reason of the strategy is used, and also give the numerical data about the recapitulation of the strategy that is used by EFL learners. Mackey and Gass 2005:163 state that “qualitative research tends to be more interested in presenting a natural and a holistic picture of the phenomena being studied.” The picture of the phenomena can be a socio-cultural context, like the ideological orientation of the speech community as a whole. Where quantitative research that usually is connected with attitude scales of the subjects observed, behavior categorized, and generally starts with an experimental design. The quantitative approach related to the quantification of data and numerical analysis that used to count and found the thanking strategies that used by EFL learners of English language based on 8 strategies by Cheng 2005, qualitative analyses were then to describe the thanking strategy that used by EFL learners based on pragmatics study and how their L1 effect the strategy. By combining these, more detailed information will able to present.

3.2 Type of Data

The type of data used in this research is qualitative and quantitave data. Denscombe 2007: 286 states that “qualitative data take the form of words spoken or written and visual images observed or creatively produced.” The data of this research are DCT questionnaire adopted from Cheng and interview. The questionnaire contains familiarity i.e., social distance and social status i.e., power. The interviewing process is employed to know the language background of the subjects. This qualitative data uses for describing the variation of using gratitude expression by EFL learners in 3 tribes, the description of the most strategy of gratitude expression in both version of language also show by qualitative data. Qualitative data also use to show the reason of that made by EFL learners when they choose one of strategy of gratitude expression. Quantitative data are the data that are in the form of number. The numerical characteristic of quantitative data helps the researcher conducting the data. In quantitative data show the amount of using the most gratitude expression by EFL learners of English Department of Letter and also present the number of variation that divide into 8 taxonomies by Cheng 2005.

3.3 Data Collection