other public places that are accessed by the participants every day. In addition, the gender of the participant may affect the speaker’s speech pattern. However,
the factor is not included as a part of the study in order to keep the number of DCT items to minimum.
The second technique is interview. Mackey Gass 2005:173 state that “interviews are often associated with survey-based research, as well as being a
technique used by many qualitative researchers”. They added that interviews are similar to natural conversation where the participants can reach out the
researcher’s ideas about the area of interest Mackey Gass, 2005: 173. In this research the researcher uses semi structured interviews “semi structured
interviews in which the research uses a written list of questions as a guide, while still having the freedom to digress and probe for more information” Mackey
Gass, 2005: 173. This interview session is used to know the language background of the participants who have been divided into three groups. The
session of held of interview is divide into 2 sessions, first the researcher held the interview before giving the subject the DCT task. This first session to know their
tribe and it make the researcher easy to arrange their tribe base on the result of the first interview. The second session held after the researcher collect the data of
DCT questionnaire, this interview to know the reason of the using of gratitude expression in certain situation by the subject. This interview held not only face to
face with the subject, but also use Email and BBM because not all subject can meet the researcher to give their reason, thye second of interview session held
January after the researcher analyze the result of the DCT data.. The interview data are useful to elaborate the questionnaire so that I can get more information
about the chosen topic Mackey M.Gass, 2005: 173.
3.4 Subjects
The subject of this research is the students for academic 20102011, This research takes 27 subjects out of 136 students from English Department academic
year 2010, with the description 15 for Javanese students, 11 of Madurese students and 1 for Using student. Considering the number of population that is large to
manage, samples are taken. Arikunto makes a limitation when sampling technique can be applied. Samples are taken if the number of population is more than a
hundred. he gives the minimal sample that can be taken is 15-25 percent of the population is the acceptable amount of sample Arikunto, 2012:24. The reason
why the amount of the students is different because the researcher cannot find the subject that really have a certain background of the students, because most of
students is from Javanese, they know Using and Madurese because their friend and their environment only. The reason of using student 2010 as the subject is
because they finish their all subjects in the English Department of faculty of Letter except thesis writing, because of this the researcher conclude that they have
a lot of experience that the other students in studying English language in Faculty of letter. This research focuses on three language ethnicities which are Javanese,
Madurese, and Using.
3.5 Data Analysis
For the data analysis, This research uses descriptive and statistical method. The descriptive method is used to analyze the results of the DCT task and
interviewing process that are based on 8 strategy of Cheng. Besides, the method can be employed to describe the effect of language background L1 towards
gratitude expression. Statistical method is used for counting the result of the most useful strategy for the participant in doing gratitude expressions. There are 3 steps
in doing the analyzing of data: 1. The researcher counts the results of the DCT data by EFL learners in
every tribe and every version by giving the diagram in every tribe. This grouping of variation gratitude expressions based on the 8 taxonomy by
Cheng 2005. They are thanking, appreciation, positive feeling, apology, and recognition of imposition, repayment, other and alerter.
The result with conclude the example of the variation gratitude expression made by EFL learners in every tribe.
2. The most use gratitude expression explained after getting the variation of gratitude expression. This step explains the most use strategy of 8
taxonomy by Cheng 2005 in every tribe and every version. There are also the reasons about why certain strategy becomes the most use
strategy by EFL learners of Javanese, Madurese and Using. The reason about the variation of gratitude expression that used by EFL learners is
come from interviewing the subject, where after knowing the result of the DCT, the resercher interviewing the subject about their answer in
DCT. 3. The last is analyzing the effect of L1 in the way of producing gratitude
expression in L2. For analyzing the effect of L1, the researcher classifies the data on the situations used in the DCT questionnaire. It is to know in
what way the effect of L1 happen when they producing gratitude expression in L2. These situations are direction, notesbook, computer,
study, coffee, paper extension, and recommendation later. In this subchapter the researcher also showing the reason why L1 is still have
ceratin effect to the subject in the producing gratitude expression that come from interviewing process after the researcher has the result of the
DCT questionnaire.
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
