C. Semantic Field
If we examine something of the nature of the relations words may enter into with other words of the same language that is sense relation: here we are concerned with so
called semantic field.
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Lehrer cited that theories of semantic fields that the vocabulary of a language is structured, just as the grammar and phonology of language are structured – the words
of language can be classified into sets which are related to conceptual field and divide up the semantic space or the semantic domain in certain ways. Nida explained that a
semantic domain consist essentially of a group of meanings by no means restricted to those reflected in single words which share certain semantic components. For
example when talking about a house, we can refer to the building and all of component itself such as window, door, floor, wall, root and ect. All of the component features of
a house, we call as semantic field or semantic domain of house. Lehrer as quoted by Akmajian et noted that words belonging to the same
semantic field undergo similar semantic change.
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Semantic field analysis uses feature to show the relationship of lexical items within a field or domain
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. For example, if we studied the word iron, we would also look at toaster, vacuum cleaner, and the other
items in the household tools domain. The features or components help us index the meaning of words, separate the various meanings of individual words, and analyze
relationship between similar words.
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Simpson, J.M.Y. A First Course in Linguistics. Edinburg: Edinburg University Press. 1962.p188
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Akmajian, et al, Linguistics : An Introduction to Language nad Communacation. London: the MIT Press, 1988. pp.238-252
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Hatch, Evelyn and Cherly Brown. Vocabulary, Semantics and Language Education. London: Cambridge University Press. p.33
Matthews stated that semantics field is a distinct part of the lexicon defied by some general term or concept. E.g in English the semantics field of color included
words such as black, and red that distinguished colors, or are hyponyms of the more general term color.
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Semantics field plays a role in semantic change. The words hot and cold are antonym describing physical temperature. With pair of antonyms, if one number
undergoes a metaphorical extension, the other tends to change in a parallel position. In colloquial styles, we can speak of a hot car stolen car, hence we would refer the
phrase cold car to one that is not stolen, on the ground that semantic field in a parallel position, and not just single members of the field
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D. Componential Analysis
Kategori