Type the command nbtstat –S. This displays the same sessions as with the –s Type the command tracert and view the results. This or tracert ? will display the

Implementing TCPIP in the Command Line | 111 2. Attempt a trace to google.com by typing tracert google.com. The results should be similar to Figure 5-15. Figure 5-15 Tracert Each step along the way to google.com is referred to as a hop. Each line in the results is a new network that has been hopped to. Notice the name of each router and its corresponding IP address. Usually, you can track geographically where the ICMP packets are going step by step, just by looking at the router name.

3. Type the command tracert –d google.com. This runs the same trace, but it does

so numerically as shown in Figure 5-16. This is a significant time saver. Notice how much faster the results are shown without any name resolution to get in the way. Figure 5-16 Tracert –d The idea behind this tracert command is that it allows you to find out whether a router has malfunctioned. By comparing the tracert results with your network docu- mentation, you should be able to alert the correct network person to the problem, or perhaps fix the problem yourself. Quite often a router simply needs to be rebooted or turned back on.

4. Type the command pathping google.com. Pathping is similar to tracert but it will

also compute the degree of packet loss, as shown in Figure 5-17. If there is packet loss, it would show up under the LostSent column and would display a percentage as well. If, for some reason, tracert doesn’t work on your computer or is not allowed on your network, you can use web-based reverse tracing tools such as the tools offered on the speedguide.net Web site. TAKE NOTE 112 | Lesson 5

5. Type the command pathping –n google.com. This option prevents name resolution

in the way that tracert –d does. This can display the results faster than the standard pathping command. ANALYZE DOMAIN NAMES WITH NSLOOKUP GET READY. In this exercise, we will analyze DNS information with the Nslookup command. Nslookup displays information about DNS names and their corresponding IP addresses, and it can be used to diagnose DNS servers. An Internet connection is required.

1. Type the command nslookup google.com and view the results. You should see

google.com’s corresponding IP address. Try the command with a few other well-known Web site domain names.

2. Type the command nslookup. This should bring you to the nslookup shell where you

can enact more commands. 3. Press the ? key and press Enter. This displays the various commands you can use in the nslookup shell.

4. Type exit to get out of the nslookup shell. We’ll work with this command in more

depth during Lesson 6. MAKE NETWORK CONNECTIONS WITH FTP AND TELNET GET READY. In this exercise, we will make connections to remote systems with FTP and Telnet. An Internet connection is required. 1. Type the command ftp ? and view the results. FTP stands for file transfer protocol. It is an application layer protocol as well as an application. The FTP command is used in the command prompt to connect to FTP servers. Figure 5-17 Pathping