Set up daily ping tests to a server with the same IP that will consist of one hundred Configure these so that they run every day and are output to a text file.

128 Working with Networking Services O B J E C T I V E D O M A I N M A T R I X S KILLS C ONCEPTS MTA E XAM O BJECTIVE MTA E XAM O BJECTIVE N UMBER Setting Up Common Networking Services Understand networking services. 3.5 Defining More Network Services Understand networking services. 3.5 Defining Name Resolution Techniques Understand names resolution. 3.4 K E Y T E R M S acknowledge APIPA authentication header AH discovery domain name system DNS DORA Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP encapsulating security payload ESP IP forwarding Internet Protocol Security IPsec offering Remote Access Service RAS Remote Desktop Protocol RDP Remote Desktop Services request Routing and Remote Access Service RRAS security association SA Terminal Services Windows Internet Name Service WINS Network engineers love networking services. Services busy at work, such as DHCP and DNS, are equal to the beautiful sound of a hammer to a building contractor. These ser- vices are what make the networking world go round. Proseware, Inc., expects you, as a network engineer, to set up a smart, efficient set of networking services, including DHCP, DNS, terminal services, and even WINS for the company’s older devices. It is important to understand how to configure servers to run these services, as well as how to configure clients to connect appropriately to those services. This should be understood from both a theory standpoint and a hands-on one. In addition, testing, troubleshooting, and performance baselining are all important aspects of network services. In this lesson, we will explore how to install and configure DHCP, DNS, WINS, and Terminal Services, and we’ll discuss other technologies such as RAS and IPSec as well. By mastering these skills and concepts, you will gain another level of experience on your way to being a network engineer. L E S S O N 6 Working with Networking Services | 129 ■ Setting Up Common Networking Services Networking services, such as DHCP and Terminal Services, are common in Microsoft networking environments. These help automate processes that would otherwise be done manually by a network administrator. They also allow greater connectivity for a much broader group of computing solutions. In this section, we will demonstrate the basics of DHCP and Terminal Services in action. THE BOTTOM LINE CERTIFICATION READY How would you set up a DHCP network? 3.5 Working with DHCP DHCP is the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. It sends IP information to clients automatically, making configuration of IP addresses on the network easier and auto- mated. This protocol uses a four-step process known as DORA when disseminating IP addresses, and it employs ports 67 and 68. In order to better understand how to work with DHCP on the server and on the client side, you must have a basic idea of how DHCP works. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP allows properly configured client comput- ers to obtain IP addresses automatically from a DHCP server. This is done so that a network administrator does not have to manually configure IP addresses on all the computers on a network individually. The DHCP server takes care of this task quickly and automatically. This protocol therefore reduces the amount of system administration, allowing devices to be added to the network with little or no manual intervention. The IP information obtained might include the following: • IP addresses • Subnet masks • Gateway addresses • DNS server addresses • Other advanced options A server or appliance runs the DHCP service and is configured to send the IP information to the clients. Usually, client computers benefit from this service; however, sometimes serv- ers also obtain IP information automatically. This depends on the type of server and, as far as DHCP goes, the server acquiring the IP address automatically also becomes a client. For example, a file server may host files, but it may also be a client of a DHCP server. There are a few types of hosts that can be excluded from the scope of DHCP, including routers, firewalls, and some servers such as domain controllers. The beauty of a DHCP device is that it is fast, efficient, and should not cause an IP conflict. Now, let’s talk about how DHCP works. DHCP sessions use a four-step process known as DORA. The four steps are in this process are as follows: • Discovery: The client computer broadcasts out to the network in order to find a DHCP server. • Offering: The DHCP server sends out a unicast “offering” of an IP address to the client computer. • Request: The client broadcasts to all servers that it has accepted the offer. • Acknowledge: The DHCP server sends a final unicast to the client that includes the IP information the client will use. 130 | Lesson 6 Normally, when a computer first tries to obtain an IP address, it goes through all four stages. However, if a client already has an address and wants to renew it within certain time param- eters, only the last two steps are necessary. So, for example, if the client computer ran an ipconfig release and an ipconfig renew, only the request and acknowledge steps would occur. This is because the computer retains information about the IP address within the registry. If the IP address’s lease hasn’t run out, this information can be taken from the registry, and as long as the server agrees to the computer reusing the address, everything will work the same as it did previously. DHCP works on two ports, 67 and 68. Servers run inbound port 67 to listen to client requests in order to hand out IP addresses. Clients run inbound port 68 to accept the data from the server. CONFIGURE DHCP GET READY. In this exercise, you will learn how to configure DHCP on the server and on the client side. Here, we will be using Windows Server 2008 as the DHCP server. This server will have a static IP address assigned to the network adapter. Installing a DHCP server consists of the following actions: • Installing the DHCP service • Configuring an IP scope • Activating the scope • Authorizing the server • Configuring advanced IP options optional

1. Go to your Windows Server. Configure the DHCP server statically with the following

IP address: 192.168.1.100.

2. Install and configure the DHCP service:

a. Go to the Server Manager console window. You can get to this in various ways,

such as by clicking Start Administrative Tools Server Manager. b. On the left side, click Roles. c. On the right side, click Add Roles. This displays the Add Roles Wizard. d. Click Next. This displays the Select Server Roles window. e. Check DHCP Server and click Next. f. Read the Introduction. Note that this local server should have a static IP address assigned. This is a general rule of DHCP; DHCP servers should use a static IP. Click Next. g. In the Network Connection Bindings step, verify that the static IP is check marked and click Next. h. In the IPv4 Settings step, leave the information blank and click Next. This step refers to DNS and domain controllers that we have not set up yet. Without this information, the DHCP server will simply hand out IP addresses, subnet masks, and gateway addresses.

i. In the IPv4 WINS settings step, click Next. Again, we haven’t set this up yet.

You can always return to your DHCP server later to confi gure such things as WINS and DNS. DHCP utilizes ports 67 and 68. TAKE NOTE Working with Networking Services | 131 j. Add a DHCP scope by clicking the Add button. A scope is a range of IP addresses that can be handed out to clients. Add the following information: • Scope name: Proseware Scope1 • Starting IP address: 192.168.1.150 • Ending IP address: 192.168.1.199 • Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 • Default gateway: 192.168.1.1 • Subnet type: Wired An example of this is shown in Figure 6-1. Of course, this information will vary depending on the confi guration you want for your network. Also, you have the option to select wireless as the Subnet type. Note that Wired has a lease duration of six days by default, whereas Wireless has a duration of eight hours. Wireless connections should always have a shorter lease equal to the duration of one work day or less. Make sure that “Activate this scope” is checkmarked and click OK. That adds the scope to the list. You can add more in the future if you wish, but for now, we will leave it as is. Click Next to continue.

k. In the Confi gure DHCPv6 Stateless Mode window, select Disable. We are focusing

on IPv4 for this exercise, but IPv6 could always be confi gured later if neces- sary. Click Next.

l. For the IPv6 DNS Settings window, simply click Next. We will not be

confi guring this feature.

m. You should now see a Confi rmation window Figure 6-2. Review the information

in this window and make sure it is correct before clicking Install. In the fi gure, we left DHCPv6 Stateless Mode enabled because our particular server needs to have it running. Figure 6-1 Adding a DHCP scope