1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the researcher would like to present the introduction of the research. This chapter is divided into six parts. They are research background,
problem formulation, problem limitation, research objective, research benefits, and definition of terms.
A. Research Background
A learning teaching process is a process to transform and develop knowledge. This process is very important because every process has learning
goal. To achieve the learning goal, students should do the process well. They should contribute and participate in the process of learning and teaching so that
they will know and understand the material and later on they will achieve the learning goal. Tatar 2005 states “active classroom participation played an
important role in the su ccess of education and students‟ personal development in
the future” p.145. It means that students‟ participation and contribution in learning teaching process are very important for educational and personal
development. Besides, the students need encouragement to participate and contribute in the process in order to achieve the learning and teaching goal. One
of the ways is by creating an activity which makes the students are motivated to PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
2 learn and follow the lesson. Felder 2001 states “if the teacher uses monotonous
teaching style, the students may become bored and inattentive in class, do poorly on tests, and get discouraged about the courses” p.2. Thus, the role of the teacher
is very important to help the students participate and contribute in the learning teaching process. By choosing an appropriate method, the students can develop
better learning activity so that they can participate and contribute actively in the learning teaching process.
In learning English, the students should master four skills. They are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Reading is one of important skills that
students should master. Carell 1988 states that in the study of English as a foreign language, the main motive why students learn language is reading.
Simanjutak 1988 adds that “successful students need good study skills in reading in order to comprehend with a minimum of time and effort the abundance
of reading material” p.iii. Through reading, students expose themselves to new things, new information, new ways to solve a problem, and new ways to achieve
one thing. Besides, students will improve their understanding. The more students read, the more they understand one thing.
In reading, a reader is actively responsible for making sense of text. However, do they fully understand what they have read? The students need
guidance to learn and improve their reading competence. Reading competence is done to get the information from the text. Snow 2002 says reading
comprehensively should be done for a purpose, to achieve information of the text. Students who have good reading competence can read accurately and efficiently
3 so they can get the information from the text. Wilma Miller believes that
“comprehension or understanding of what is read is the most important aspect of reading process” as cited in Cushenbery, 1985. Since reading is important
especially for students‟ success, the students need an appropriate way to encourage them improve the reading competence.
In this research, the researcher employed classroom action research to develop better learning activity so that the students could improve their reading
competence. The researcher chose class VII B of SMP Pangudi Luhur St. Vincentius Sedayu. It was because the students needed more opportunity to
participate in the learning teaching process. It was shown when the researcher did the class observation. The result of the observation indicated that the students
need more learning activities so that they can take part actively in the learning and teaching process. When the researcher did class observation, the researcher found
that the students ‟ activities were listening and taking notes on important
information. The students did not get involved actively in the learning teaching process. As a result, this situation led the students into boredom. Besides, they did
other things such as drawing, talking to friends, and disturbing others. Thus, the students needed a set of learning activity that could involve their
‟ activeness. In reading class, the researcher found that the students needed more
opportunity to learn and understand the content of their reading. In this class, the students only read the text while one student read it aloud. As a result, most
students did not pay attention to their friend. They just did something that was not related to the lesson. Sometimes, the teacher used pointing and asking to make the
4 students participated in the learning teaching process. However, there were only
one or two students who would be the participant in the learning teaching process. They were active based on the teacher command. Furthermore,
the students‟ reading competence in this class was low. It was shown from the result of the quiz
that was given by the teacher in the preliminary study. The researcher saw that the mean score was 55, 3. Besides, according to Masidjo, the mean score of the quiz
result in the preliminary study was categorized bad. From the data, the researcher noted a major problem found in the class VII
B SMP Pangudi Luhur St. Vincentius Sedayu. The students were bored and inattentive in learning teaching process. The students needed more interesting
learning activity so that they could take part actively in the learning teaching process. Furthermore, the students had low achievement in reading. There was a
possibility that made the students got low achievement in reading. The possibility was the limited learning activity in the learning and teaching process. It was
because learning activity affected students‟ outcomes. Wasserman et al. state that “learning activities are designed to develop learning that supports course
ou tcomes” p.277. Besides, in the reading activity, some students were busy with
themselves, some of them were talking to their friends, and some others were drawing. The situation in the class became not effective for the students to read. It
was because the class was very noisy. The students has important role in learning teaching process. They should
take part so that the learning teaching process works well. They need a learning activity so that they can take part in the learning teaching process. Here, the use of
5 learning method has important role. It is because by applying the method, there
are a lot of learning activities that can be done by the students. According to Broudy and John 1969 “method refers to a set procedure that is carried out
according to some rules” p.9. They add that “the rule prescribes that in a certain class of situation, for example, the teaching of reading, steps are to be taken in a
certain sequence, and that the procedures are to use certain materials in certain ways at certain time” 1965: 9.
The researcher tried to find the solution of the problem faced. The researcher chose jigsaw method as a solution of the problem. Aronson 2002,
states “jigsaw classroom is like a jigsaw puzzle, each piece-each student‟s part- is essential for the completion and fill understanding of the final product” p.114.
By using jigsaw method, the students will take part in the whole learning activity because they have responsibility to understand and master their own part. Then,
they will complete the information from other parts. Therefore, the researcher needs to do a research about: “The Implementation of Jigsaw Method to Develop
Better Learning Activity for Improving Reading Competence in SMP St. Vinc
entius Sedayu.”
B. Problem Formulation
