Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

8 Speaking skills for RSBI seventh grade students of SMP Pangudi Luhur I Yogyakarta or RSBI students from other schools.

G. Definition of Terms

1. Authentic Materials There are several definitions of authentic materials. According to Peacock 1997, as cited by Martinez 2002: 1 authentic materials are materials that have been produced to fulfill some social purposes in the language community. While according to Widdowson 1990, as cited by Martinez 2002: 1 authentic materials are materials designed for native speakers of English used in the classroom in a way similar to the one it was designed for. Further, Martinez 2002: 1 described several advantages of using authentic materials 1 students are exposed to real discourse, 2 authentic materials keep students informed about what is happening in the world so they have an intrinsic educational value, 3 textbooks often do not include incidental or improper English, and 4 authentic materials can produce a sense of achievement. Looking at to those definitions and advantages of authentic materials, the researcher believed that authentic materials would be able to create challenge for the RSBI students. Thus, in this study the researcher designed a combination of Reading and Writing test for seventh grade students of SMP Pangudi Luhur I Yogyakarta by using authentic materials. 9 2. Rintisan Sekolah Berbasis International RSBI RSBI in Bahasa Indonesia stands for Rintisan Sekolah Berbasis International. In English it means international based school pioneering. The missions of RSBI School as it is quoted from www.smp1slawi.sch.id 2009 are to fulfill the service national standard in every aspect, including graduates competence, content, process, teachers, facilities, financial, management, assessment, and have produced graduates with international quality, and to develop a conducive school environment that supports the school to fulfill those aspects. In the future, when the school has been already successful in fulfilling the service national standard in every aspect, the school will be Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional SBI or in English it is called international standard school. SMP Pangudi Luhur I Yogyakarta pioneered the process of becoming an international standard since 2009. As a result, seventh grade RSBI class was established as the first class with international standard teaching and learning quality supported by international standard teaching and learning facilities with English as the language used in the teaching and learning process. The requirements of joining in this class are 1 students must have minimum 8 of the average academic scores, 2 have good computer skill, 3 have basic English skill, 4 have above average intelligence, and 5 have a critical thought. In addition, students have to pay more expensive school fee in this class. Fulfilling those requirements, the students of RSBI seventh grade class are obviously highly qualified in terms of intelligence and second language skill. Their high level of English skill is the focus in this study. Therefore, the researcher attempts to design 10 a combination of Reading and Writing test that is able to fit in high level of English. 3. Reading Mitchell 1982, as quoted by Clapham 1996: 11 defined reading as the ability to make sense of written or printed symbols. Reading is an interactive process that goes on between the reader and the text, resulting in comprehension. The text presents letters, words, sentences, and paragraphs that encode meaning. The reader uses knowledge, skills, and strategies to determine what the meaning is Byrnes, http:www.nclrc.orgessestialreadingreindex.htm. In this study, the researcher designs a combination of Reading and Writing test by taking the reading passages from real life sources for the reading comprehensions. Therefore, the materials are called authentic materials. The researcher expected that authentic materials which provide letters, words, sentences structure, grammar and language style used in the real life used by native speaker of English can challenge the RSBI seventh grade students of SMP Pangudi Luhur I Yogyakarta as the test takers in using their knowledge, skills, and strategies to determine meanings in the texts. Thus, they will feel a sense of challenge in dealing with the passages. 4. Writing According to Hyland 2003: 2, L2 writing teaching is organized in different focus. It focuses on language structures, texts function, themes or topic, creative expression, composing processes, content, genre and context of writing. In this study, the researcher designs a combination of Reading and Writing test 11 that will measure the Writing skill of RSBI seventh grade students of SMP Pangudi Luhur I Yogyakarta as the test takers in making sentences or to complete sentences with the good and proper language structures, analyzing the genre of writing, analyzing the texts function, and composing paragraphs with the right generic structure. Here, the Writing test materials are taken from real life sources as well as the Reading test. 12

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE