THE EXPERIENTIAL FUNCTION USED BY MEN AND WOMEN IN WRITING OPINION AT WWW.KOMPASIANA.COM.
EXPERIENTIAL FUNCTION USED BY MEN AND WOMEN IN
WRITING OPINION AT WWW.KOMPASIANA.COM
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By
KHAIRUNNISAH
Registration Number: 8136111038
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Khairunnisah. The experiential function used by men and women in writing
opinion at www.kompasiana.com. A thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study
Program. Postgraduate School, State University of Medan 2015.
The objective of this study were to describe the types of process of experiential
function using by men and women in writing opinion www.kompasiana.com. The
research was designed with qualitative descriptive method. The source of the data
was men and women’s text who wrote their opinion in Bahasa Indonesia, which
wrote at www.kompasiana.com. The data were obtained by implementing analysis.
The analysis of this research was interactive method by Miles and Hubermen
approach. The research finding showed that the dominant type of process in men’s
text is relational process, while women’s text is material process. It was also
found that there are five types of process experiential function in men’s text, they
are relational process, material process, mental process, verbal process, and
behavioural process . while women’s text found six types of process they are
relational process, material process, mental process, verbal process, behavioural
process and existential process. Women use more relational process than men, and
it also found women use more material process than men. The total number of the
process of experiential function using by men and women in writing opinion at
www.kompasiana.comis different but it did not show a significant differences. The
reason of the different between men and women is the different brain structure. It
means, between men and women have different skill to thinking, sensing and
giving opinion. Thus, between men and women are different in using types of
process in rubric opinion.
ABSTRAK
Khairunnisah. Fungsi experiensial yang digunakan oleh laki-laki dan
perempuan dalam menulis pendapat pada www.kompasiana.com. Tesis :
Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Pascasarjana,
Universitas Negeri Medan 2015.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti fungsi experiensial yang
digunakan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan dalam menulis pendapat pada
www.kompasiana.com. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif
deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian adalah tulisan laki-laki dan perempuan yang
menulis pendapat mereka yang ditulis di situs www.kompasiana.com . Data
diperoleh dengan menggunakan analisis. Analisis penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan
dengan menerapkan metode pendekatan Miles dan Hubermen. Penemuan dari
penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis proses yang dominan pada tulisan lakilaki adalah proses relasional sedangkan perempuan adalah proses material. Selain
itu juga ditemukan bahwa ada lima jenis proses fungsi experiensial pada tulisan
laki-laki yaitu proses relasional, proses material, proses mental, proses verbal dan
proses tingkah laku. Sedangkan, pada tulisan perempuan ada enam jenis proses
yaitu proses relasional, proses material, proses mental, proses verbal , proses
tingkah laku , dan proses keberadaan. Para wanita lebih banyak menggunakan
proses relasional dibanding para lelaki, dan juga ditemukan para wanita
menggunakan lebih banyak proses material dibanding para lelaki. Total jumlah
proses dari funsi experiensial yang digunakan para lelaki dan para wanita berbeda
tetapi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Alasan perbedaan lelaki dan
perempuan adalah perbedaan struktur otak mereka. Maksudnya antara lelaki dan
perempuan itu memiliki perbedaan dalam hal berpikir, menilai, dan memberika
pendapat. Sehingga, lelaki dan perempuan berbeda dalam menggunakan jenis
proses dalam menulis pendapat.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful whom she
would like to ecpress her sincere gratitude, Allah the almighty who has given her
blessing health, strength and patience in the process of completing this thesis in
the title the experiential function using by men and women in writing opinion at
www.kompasian.com as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora at the Postgraduate of English Applied Linguistics Program,
State University of Medan.
This thesis would not also have been possible brought into existence
without the help of a great many people. At first, in particular, the writer would
like to express her gratitude to Prof. Dr. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A.,Ph.D., and Dr. Sri
Minda Murni, M.S., her first and second adviser for their so generous assistance,
guidance, advice, and precious time they spent on supervising and guiding this
thesis.
Secondly, the writer would also like to express her gratitude to the head of
English Applied Linguistics Program, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., her
secretary, Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., and Farid who have assisted her in the
process of administration requirement during the process of her study in the
postgraduate program. Special thanks to all lecturers of the English Applied
Linguistics Program State University of Medan who have given their valuable
knowledge to her in their lectures.
Thanks are due to her proposal reviewers and examiners, Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd., Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., and Prof. Dr. Lince
Sihombing, M.Pd., for their appropriate and helpful commentaries and
constructive suggestions.
She would also very much like to express her gratitude to the all writers in
www.kompasiana.com who have written their opinion in it. That is help the writer
for done her analysis of this study.
Last but not least, on a personal level, the writer would like dedicate her
love and sincerest gratitude to her parents, Drs. Arifin Aswar Nasution and Dra.
Syafrida Nasution, and sisters for their sincere and most reliable comfort, and
above all, their love and support. Arif Muda Adi Harahap, the one who always
loves,supports, suggests comments, prays, and accompanies her in every
condition, also deserves her thanks.
It is honor for her to convey thanks to her friends in class A1 LTBI for
their helps and supports. Special thanks for her best friend Yani Sukriah Sir, Riski
Amrina Sari, Mahrani, Khoiriah for their support. Lastly, the writer offers her
regards and blessings to all of those who supported her in my respect during the
completion ofthis thesis.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... i
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. iii
LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... iv
CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 The Background of The Study ........................................................................ 1
1.2 The Problem of Study ..................................................................................... 8
1.3 The Scope of The Study ................................................................................. 9
1.4 The Objective of Study .................................................................................. 9
1.5 The Significance of The Study ....................................................................... 10
CHAPTER II ........................................................................................................... 11
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................. 11
2.1 Theoritical Framework ................................................................................... 11
2.2 Metafunction Of Language ............................................................................. 12
2.3 Experiential Function...................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 Material Process ...................................................................................... 18
2.3.2 Mental Process ........................................................................................ 19
2.3.3 Relational Process ................................................................................... 19
2.3.4 Verbal Process ........................................................................................ 20
2.3.5 Behavioural Process ................................................................................ 21
2.3.6 Existential Process .................................................................................. 21
2.4 Sex And Gender .............................................................................................. 22
2.4.1 Discourse And Gender ............................................................................ 23
2.4.2 The Characteristic Of Man And Woman in Writing............................... 24
2.4.3 The Difference Man and Woman using Experiential Function Process . 25
2.4.4 The Reason For Different Writing Man And Woman ............................ 28
2.5 Kompasiana.com ............................................................................................ 29
2.6 Relevant Studies ............................................................................................. 30
2.7 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................... 33
CHAPTER III ......................................................................................................... 35
RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................ 35
3.1 Research Design ............................................................................................. 35
3.2 Data And Data Source .................................................................................... 35
3.3 The Technique of Data Collection .................................................................. 36
3.4 The Technique of Data Analysis .................................................................... 36
3.5 Trustworthiness of The Study ......................................................................... 37
CHAPTER IV ......................................................................................................... 39
DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION ......................................... 39
4.1 The Data Analysis........................................................................................... 39
4.1.1 Kind of Process Dominantly Used by Men and women ......................... 39
4.1.2 The Types of Process Used By Women ................................................. 43
4.1.3 The comparison of experiential process realized by men and women
in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com. ................................................... 45
4.1.4 The reason man and woman use experiential function differently in
writing opinion at www.Kompasiana.com ....................................................... 53
4.2 Findings ............................................................................................................. 56
4.3 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 58
4.3.1 The Process of Experiential Function in the Written of Men and Women at
www.kompasiana.com ........................................................................................ 59
4.3.2 The Difference of different ways of experiential functions realized by
man and woman in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com ........................... 60
4.3.3 he reason men and women use experiential function differently in
writing opinion at www.Kompasiana.com ......................................................... 62
5.1 Conclusions..................................................................................................... 65
5.2 Suggestions ..................................................................................................... 66
REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 68
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 71
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The characteristic of women and men .................................................... 24
Table 4.1.1.1 The types of process used by men in opinion rubric at
www.kompasiana.com ...................................................................... 42
Table 4.1.1.2 The types of process used by women................................................ 44
Table 4.1.2 The comparison of experiential process realized by man and woman
in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com ...................................... 51
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Page
The Women’s Text www.kompasiana.com....................... 70
The Men’s Text www.kompasiana.com............................
Appendix 2 The analysis of women’s text…………………………..
The analysis of men’s text……………………………..
79
88
109
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
Nowadays, internet is very popular for people to search information in this
world. Clay (1994 : 6) states that the internet is a great number of collected
service for a big computer (server) and small computer (Personal Computer) using
Netting System of Communication by the phone pulse or radio waves that are
connected and get connected to each other and come from all parts of the world.
He also stated that the internet is a collective people who’s actively involve and
participate themselves so that create very valuable information source.
It means that people use internet not only for searching but also for sharing
experiences,events, ideas or opinions of the world. People can create their skills,
such as, sing, poetry, peom, express idea and experiences on the internet through
video or written form.
Logan (2000) admits that the internet constitutes the five links in an
evolutionary chain of languages that includes speech, writing, mathematics,
science, and computing, each developing its own distinct semantics and syntax. It
means, in internet people also can write their experiences, ideas, opinion, events
based on their perception of the world. Thus, people from the entire world are
possibly to write some information, public opinion or their experiences in the
internet.
1
2
Moreover, when we talk about writing people’s perception about the
world, it relate to functional language which is talk about the writing process. It
helps the people who read the text will be understood clearly. Halliday’s system
functional grammar (1994:106), enables the analysis of the experiential function
on people’s perception of the world through the way they use their language. It
means, the analysis of the function of language will help the readers to understand
what the writer means from the text. This research chooses article opinion taken
from some websites that have written by different numbers of the readers.
Halliday (1994:106) states that the experiential function is as way of
representing patterns of experience. The representing patterns of experience
through the process of doing, process of being, process of existing, process of
physiological and psychological, indicating perception, relational, activities of
saying, commanding, asking, and etc. All of these elements can make the readers
understand the text of opinion article.
Different people have different perception about something, so, they also
have different way in writing idea or opinions. Gender differences make
difference language in conveying the ideas (Alnes, 2009:8). It menas that every
people have different idea about something, especially men and women have
different way in convey their ideas based on their perception or experience. When
exploring the ideas of gender, discourse is important area to focus on. In general,
men and women are known to use language differently, but sometimes they may
unintentionally exhibit feminine or masculine language characteristic respectively
when they talk and also write.
3
Tannen (1990) stated that women use rapport talk to establish meaningful
connection with others, while men use report talk to gain status in relation to
others. Because women and men use language differently. It means that’s why in
the gathering women open the introduction and men to conclude. Women has
narture characteristic because women to rapport and men to report.
Lakoff (1975) proposed that women language is different with men
language in the use of grammatical features. Another theory said that women are
under constant pressure to display their personal (Eckert, 1989: 247). It means, the
differences between man and woman language use appear to be centered about the
interaction between the linguistic actor and his or her linguistic context the reader
and the author or writer.
A study about functional linguistic used by men and women has been
conducted by Elisabeth (2009) which focus on to investigate how the man and
woman are represented and created in Billboard whether it liberates or reinforces
traditional or stereotypical ideas of gender. The data were collected by show the
relative frequency of process types, they are material, relational, verbal,
behavioural, mental and existential processes. The findings of the research shows
that the review of men are more dynamic as there are more doing process or
material process than woman. While the reviews of women greater number of
being process or mental process.
The same research conducted by Barbara (2006) study of transitivity
realized through the analysis of the process shows that the male character is the
doer or more practical actions than the female. The data shows while the male
professor does actions to prove his capacity to himself and to public world, the
4
female student expects to be recognized by the professor for the action she
competently performs. It is realized through the mental processes that the female
is move by her emotions while the male does not show any sign of perception of
affection in his nature.
Based on the researcher observation in the media of internet ( website
www. Kompasiana.com) in November 2014 in writing opinion, man and woman
used some experiential function to give the idea or opinion. The mental and
relational process often found in men writing. The examples below have been
taken to give clear ideas about man and women writings :
a. Man’s opinion
Sebagai sosiolog (relational process), saya tentu prihatin (mental) membaca
(material) media, menonton TV dan mendengar (behavioural) curahan hati
teman-teman wartawan dan staf security DPR.
Oleh karena itu, saya mendesak (material) untuk segera diselesaikan (relational)
permasalahan pembagian kursi di komisi-komisi DPR RI secara adil dan
proporsional antara Koalisi Merah Putih (KMP) dan Koalisi Indonesia Hebat
(KIH).
Pertama, pimpinan kedua kubu yang berseberangan, sebaiknya segera duduk
(material) bareng untuk memusyawarahkan (material) persoalan yang
menjadikan (relational) mereka terpecah. Untuk memuluskan (material)
terwujudnya pertemuan perlu mediator.
Kedua, pimpinan partai politik perlu turun (material) gunung kalau tidak bisa
diselesaikan kedua kubu yang berseteru di DPR karena mereka hanya sebagai
(relational) opetaror pelaksana kebijakan pimpinan dari masing-masing partai
politik.
Ketiga, Presiden Jokowi sebaiknya memprakarsai (material) pertemuan
silaturrahim pimpinan partai politik untuk mendengar (mental) saran dan
pandangan mereka. Untuk memuluskan (material) pertemuan, ada baiknya
dibentuk (relational) tim advance yang akan menjajaki pertemuan dengan
pimpinan partai politik.
Oleh karena itu, DPR yang terbelah, bisa diselesaikan dengan cepat melalui
musyawarah pimpinan partai politik.
5
b. Woman’s opinion
Koalisi Indonesia Hebat di DPR yang terdiri dari Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
Perjuangan, Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa, Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, Partai
Hati Nurani Rakyat dan Partai NasDem meminta (material) Presiden Joko
Widodo (Jokowi) mengeluarkan (material) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti
Undang-undang MPR,DPR,DPD,DPRD(MD3).
Permintaan diajukan (relational) setelah aksi sapu bersih (material) kursi
pimpinan komisi -komisi di DPR oleh Koalisi Merah Putih. Namun Jokowi
enggan menindaklanjuti (material) permintaan Perppu itu. Saat ini Jokowi
memilih (material) fokus melaksanakan program pembangunan. Hal itu
disampaikan (verbal) Menteri Agraria Ferry Mursyidan Baldan di Kantor
Presiden,
Jakarta,
Kamis,
30
Oktober
2014.
"Kerjakan program kerja pemerintah dulu saja. Itu nanti saja, nggak usah
menjadi (relational) fix agenda.Toh mekanisme itu
sudah jalan,"katanya.
Menurut (mental) Ferry jika sudah dalam kondisi darurat, baru presiden akan
menentukan langkah. Namun saat ini belum ada (existential) kondisi darurat
yang memaksa presiden menerbitkan (material) Perppu. Ferry mengingatkan
(mental) penyelesaian masalah di DPR dapat dilakukan
melalui musyawarah
mufakat. "Itu seninya. Yang belum dipakai seni itu. DPR kalau tensi tinggi jangan
dilawan keras, harus diredakan.
Skors,lobi,"ujarnya.
Menurut Ferry, yang perlu didorong (relational) bukan Perppu MD3 tetapi agar
mereka lebih menggunakan (material) seni dalam berpolitik yaitu musyawarah
mufakat."Cara yang lebih baik dari DPR, kembalikan lagi musyawarah mufakat,"
katanya (verbal).
From the above written, man’s text was simple than woman. It means the
man’s text was found mental and relational process frequently than others and the
most frequently process is relational process. It also found in woman’s text the
most frequently is relation process. However, in woman’s text found some
processes, it distinct in man’s text which is the most process appear is relational
process. On other words, the woman’s text is more complicated than man’s text
that it will make different perception for the readers to understand and also to
catch the meaning of the text.
In addition, from the example above there is some comparisons between
men and women’s sentence when they discuss the same topic, that is about “DPR
Terbelah”
6
Men’s
Women’s
Presiden
Jokowi
sebaiknya Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat dan Partai
memprakarsai pertemuan silaturrahim NasDem meminta Presiden Joko
pimpinan partai politik
Widodo
mengeluarkan
Peraturan
Pemerintah
Pengganti
UndangundangMPR,DPR,DPD,DPRD(MD3).
DPR yang terbelah, bisa diselesaikan Ferry
mengingatkan
penyelesaian
dengan cepat melalui musyawarah masalah di DPR dapat dilakukan
pimpinan partai politik.
melalui musyawarah mufakat.
From the data display, the first sentences show that men directly argued to
the actor that is Jokowi to do something, while in women’s text there were
mediator to asked the actor (Jokowi) to do something. It means, men is to do
point in convey their idea, while women still use the polite sentence. The second
sentence, it also happen the same case. However, they have same idea to solve the
problem about the case. it means that, between men and women have same
conclusion to solve problem but they are different in the use process.
Based on the prior observation, there was a gap between the fact and the
theory. The theory proposed by Halliday and Ruth Wodak, man use more material
process which show that man as doer or more doing. While, woman as passive
and sensitive use more mental process in written. Whereas the fact it was found
that man often used relational process in writing opinion.
Some studies have reported significant differences in the opposite
direction. Philips et al. ( 1987) display key political and public-speaking roles and
speech genres in which women participate rarely, or not at all. In public speaking,
women participate rarely than men. It show that men have greater command of
the discourse of power than women, which it men do more actions, events, while
women more emotion, sensitive. However, the study showed that men used more
7
material process in written form whereas women used longer sentences by using
some process which is mental process was dominant.
Another studies have reported that women occur as actors in material
processes far more frequently than men, which is indication that women’s agency
is emphasized more than men’s (El Biadi, 2013). He argued that the general
stereotyped image about men is that they have tendency to lose their temper more
easily than women and that they are endowed with more physical strength which
justifies the violence they commit. While in Goal of material process men also
occur with higher frequency.
Rubin and Greene (1992) found that overall, women in the study tended to
use more markers of excitability (e.g., exclamation points) and a higher frequency
of egocentric phrases (e.g., “I believe that . . .”) within their writing than men.
With regard to gender role orientation rather than biological gender, writers with
more instrumental (rather than expressive) orientations were more likely to use
longer sentences and to refer to themselves in the first person. Gender typicality
was difficult to establish. For example, even a feature such as anticipating a
reader’s reservations (e.g., “I know you might think that drug testing is no big
deal if you have nothing to worry about, but . . .), which was found to occur more
often in women’s writing than in men’s,
Moreover, context seemed to have the greatest effect on some aspects of
gender performance. For instance, women and men did not differ in their use of
egocentric sequences (e.g., “I guess,” “I think”) when writing to a distant audience
and after revision, but the invitation to write informally to intimate readers
engendered a higher incidence of such subjective phrasing for women.Men’s
8
production of this particular feature was generally unresponsive to the social
context of the writing task.
Based on the observation and the findings of Barbara (2006) study, the
researcher sees that men and women in Billboard seems different in write their
opinion, where men used more material process and women used more mental
process. But, the fact found in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com , it was
found that the frequency of the six process of experiential function are not
significantly different. Even, the man’s process dominantly in writing is relational
process. Therefore, the researcher wants to analyze the experiential process occur
dominantly in writing opinion between men and women. This study can be used
to writer or journalists to more attend in writing opinion to reach the
understanding among the readers or reviewers. When the text use many processes
it can be complicated and unclear to understand, and vice verse. Therefore, it is
very important to conduct a study on SFL of experiential function in writing
opinion by man and woman.
1.2 The Problems of the Study
The research based on the background of the study, the writer conducts
study the gender differences in the use of experiential function among the
opinion’s people. The following questions will be forwarded as the research
problems:
1. What kind of process is dominantly used in the writing opinion article
of men and women?
9
2. How are different ways of experiential functions realized by men and
women in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com ?
3. Why do men and women use experiential function differently in
writing opinion at www.Kompasiana.com?
1.3 The Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited into the experiential function used in the
written form in convey opinion of different gender namely men and women. The
opinions are written by men and women in internet. They are free to write their
opinion about politic field.
There are three aspects will be observed in this study. The first one is the
systematical functional grammar that is the process dominantly used by men and
women in written form. The Second is different use of experiential function in the
writing opinion of men and women and the third is the reason for the different use
of experiential function in writing opinion between men and women.
1.4 The Objectives of the Study
The objective of this study was to find out the answer of the research
problems. To be more specific the objectives of the study are:
1. to find out the process dominantly used by men and women in writing
opinion.
2. to describe the different of the process in the writing opinion of men and
women toward the readers.
3. to explain the reasons for the different use processes of experiential
function between man and woman in writing opinion.
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1.5 The Significance of the Study
A study which is designed to cover some intended result should have the
significances.
A. Theoretically
1. The result of the study is considered to provide valuable understanding
and to enrich the theories of gender and language in discourse study.
2. The result of the study can be used as reference for those who want to
conduct a study in gender and language.
B. Practically
The result of this study is expected to contribute faithful information
about gender and language for students, teachers or lecturers, researchers
and people who will write opinion in internet.
1. Firstly, for the students, so they can enrich their knowledge about
gender and language.
2. Secondly, for the teachers and lecturers, so they can use it to
support the teaching and learning materials related to the gender
and language.
3. Thirdly, the result of the study can be useful for researcher to gain
a deep insight especially in gender and language in writing opinion
through experiential function.
4. Fourthly, the result of this study can be useful for people who will
write any opinions in internet to enhance their awareness to be
more appreciative with their writing or opinion.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
The study concerned on the process of experiential function using by men
and women in writing opinion at www.kompasian.com. Based on the analysis, the
conclusions are drawn as follows:
Actually, the best way to describe the different between the genders is in a
cross-cultural format. Women use rapport talk to establish meaningful
connection with others, while men use report talk to gain status in relation to
others. Because women and men use language differently, they also write
differently and use different type of processes in their text. Men, on the other
hand, use communication in order to try to maintain their independence and
negotiate their status in a hierarchical social order. Men try to do this by out
doing all of the other males with their knowledge and skill. It is interesting how
men try to stick out in groups for their incredible individuality. Thus, based on
the finding the dominant process of experiential function used by men in
writing opinion is relational process. It shows that men tend to describing and
identifying about something based on their perception.
Whereas women tend to fear sticking out. The dominant process of
experiential function used by women in writing opinion is material process,
because women talk for interaction, or to build rapport.
In addition, the difference of process of experiential function using by men
and women in writing opinion at www.kompasian.com is found that there are only
five types of process experiential function namely relational process, material
process, mental process, behavioural process and verbal process. Then, there are
six types process of experiential function in women’s written which are found in
this study. They are relational process, material process, mental process,
behavioural process, verbal process, and existensial process. It is also found that
the women use more material process than men in writing opinion.It show that
says that the main difference between men’s and women’s communication styles
are that men simply talk for information, hence the lable “report talk.” Men tend
to feel overwhelmed and may even feel “dizzy” when women include a large
amount of information that men deem as unnecessary.
The reason of the difference men and women in using process of
experiential function in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com is the brain
structure. It make them different in thinking and response something. Because
most women, sharing and discussing something and usually more concerned
about how problems are solved than merely solving the problem. While, for men
solving a problems presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence.
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are presented as follows:
1. Since this research has not involved all aspects of experiential function
using by men and women’s written, it is expected that other researchers
can develop this research.
2. It is also suggested to the other students of English Applied Linguistic
Study Program :
a. The research on language and gender has just begun and there is much
room left for us to complete. The research involves many disciplines
and many related aspects need to explore and research further.
b. Students of Applied Linguistic Study Program should explore and
investigate some other phenomena of experiential function process of
men and women in any society in order to enrich the linguistics
knowledge.
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WRITING OPINION AT WWW.KOMPASIANA.COM
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By
KHAIRUNNISAH
Registration Number: 8136111038
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2015
ABSTRACT
Khairunnisah. The experiential function used by men and women in writing
opinion at www.kompasiana.com. A thesis: English Applied Linguistics Study
Program. Postgraduate School, State University of Medan 2015.
The objective of this study were to describe the types of process of experiential
function using by men and women in writing opinion www.kompasiana.com. The
research was designed with qualitative descriptive method. The source of the data
was men and women’s text who wrote their opinion in Bahasa Indonesia, which
wrote at www.kompasiana.com. The data were obtained by implementing analysis.
The analysis of this research was interactive method by Miles and Hubermen
approach. The research finding showed that the dominant type of process in men’s
text is relational process, while women’s text is material process. It was also
found that there are five types of process experiential function in men’s text, they
are relational process, material process, mental process, verbal process, and
behavioural process . while women’s text found six types of process they are
relational process, material process, mental process, verbal process, behavioural
process and existential process. Women use more relational process than men, and
it also found women use more material process than men. The total number of the
process of experiential function using by men and women in writing opinion at
www.kompasiana.comis different but it did not show a significant differences. The
reason of the different between men and women is the different brain structure. It
means, between men and women have different skill to thinking, sensing and
giving opinion. Thus, between men and women are different in using types of
process in rubric opinion.
ABSTRAK
Khairunnisah. Fungsi experiensial yang digunakan oleh laki-laki dan
perempuan dalam menulis pendapat pada www.kompasiana.com. Tesis :
Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Pascasarjana,
Universitas Negeri Medan 2015.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti fungsi experiensial yang
digunakan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan dalam menulis pendapat pada
www.kompasiana.com. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif
deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian adalah tulisan laki-laki dan perempuan yang
menulis pendapat mereka yang ditulis di situs www.kompasiana.com . Data
diperoleh dengan menggunakan analisis. Analisis penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan
dengan menerapkan metode pendekatan Miles dan Hubermen. Penemuan dari
penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis proses yang dominan pada tulisan lakilaki adalah proses relasional sedangkan perempuan adalah proses material. Selain
itu juga ditemukan bahwa ada lima jenis proses fungsi experiensial pada tulisan
laki-laki yaitu proses relasional, proses material, proses mental, proses verbal dan
proses tingkah laku. Sedangkan, pada tulisan perempuan ada enam jenis proses
yaitu proses relasional, proses material, proses mental, proses verbal , proses
tingkah laku , dan proses keberadaan. Para wanita lebih banyak menggunakan
proses relasional dibanding para lelaki, dan juga ditemukan para wanita
menggunakan lebih banyak proses material dibanding para lelaki. Total jumlah
proses dari funsi experiensial yang digunakan para lelaki dan para wanita berbeda
tetapi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Alasan perbedaan lelaki dan
perempuan adalah perbedaan struktur otak mereka. Maksudnya antara lelaki dan
perempuan itu memiliki perbedaan dalam hal berpikir, menilai, dan memberika
pendapat. Sehingga, lelaki dan perempuan berbeda dalam menggunakan jenis
proses dalam menulis pendapat.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most gracious and the most merciful whom she
would like to ecpress her sincere gratitude, Allah the almighty who has given her
blessing health, strength and patience in the process of completing this thesis in
the title the experiential function using by men and women in writing opinion at
www.kompasian.com as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora at the Postgraduate of English Applied Linguistics Program,
State University of Medan.
This thesis would not also have been possible brought into existence
without the help of a great many people. At first, in particular, the writer would
like to express her gratitude to Prof. Dr. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A.,Ph.D., and Dr. Sri
Minda Murni, M.S., her first and second adviser for their so generous assistance,
guidance, advice, and precious time they spent on supervising and guiding this
thesis.
Secondly, the writer would also like to express her gratitude to the head of
English Applied Linguistics Program, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., her
secretary, Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., and Farid who have assisted her in the
process of administration requirement during the process of her study in the
postgraduate program. Special thanks to all lecturers of the English Applied
Linguistics Program State University of Medan who have given their valuable
knowledge to her in their lectures.
Thanks are due to her proposal reviewers and examiners, Prof. Dr. Busmin
Gurning, M.Pd., Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., and Prof. Dr. Lince
Sihombing, M.Pd., for their appropriate and helpful commentaries and
constructive suggestions.
She would also very much like to express her gratitude to the all writers in
www.kompasiana.com who have written their opinion in it. That is help the writer
for done her analysis of this study.
Last but not least, on a personal level, the writer would like dedicate her
love and sincerest gratitude to her parents, Drs. Arifin Aswar Nasution and Dra.
Syafrida Nasution, and sisters for their sincere and most reliable comfort, and
above all, their love and support. Arif Muda Adi Harahap, the one who always
loves,supports, suggests comments, prays, and accompanies her in every
condition, also deserves her thanks.
It is honor for her to convey thanks to her friends in class A1 LTBI for
their helps and supports. Special thanks for her best friend Yani Sukriah Sir, Riski
Amrina Sari, Mahrani, Khoiriah for their support. Lastly, the writer offers her
regards and blessings to all of those who supported her in my respect during the
completion ofthis thesis.
TABLE OF CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................... i
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. iii
LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................................................................... iv
CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................ 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 The Background of The Study ........................................................................ 1
1.2 The Problem of Study ..................................................................................... 8
1.3 The Scope of The Study ................................................................................. 9
1.4 The Objective of Study .................................................................................. 9
1.5 The Significance of The Study ....................................................................... 10
CHAPTER II ........................................................................................................... 11
REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................. 11
2.1 Theoritical Framework ................................................................................... 11
2.2 Metafunction Of Language ............................................................................. 12
2.3 Experiential Function...................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 Material Process ...................................................................................... 18
2.3.2 Mental Process ........................................................................................ 19
2.3.3 Relational Process ................................................................................... 19
2.3.4 Verbal Process ........................................................................................ 20
2.3.5 Behavioural Process ................................................................................ 21
2.3.6 Existential Process .................................................................................. 21
2.4 Sex And Gender .............................................................................................. 22
2.4.1 Discourse And Gender ............................................................................ 23
2.4.2 The Characteristic Of Man And Woman in Writing............................... 24
2.4.3 The Difference Man and Woman using Experiential Function Process . 25
2.4.4 The Reason For Different Writing Man And Woman ............................ 28
2.5 Kompasiana.com ............................................................................................ 29
2.6 Relevant Studies ............................................................................................. 30
2.7 Conceptual Framework ................................................................................... 33
CHAPTER III ......................................................................................................... 35
RESEARCH DESIGN ............................................................................................ 35
3.1 Research Design ............................................................................................. 35
3.2 Data And Data Source .................................................................................... 35
3.3 The Technique of Data Collection .................................................................. 36
3.4 The Technique of Data Analysis .................................................................... 36
3.5 Trustworthiness of The Study ......................................................................... 37
CHAPTER IV ......................................................................................................... 39
DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION ......................................... 39
4.1 The Data Analysis........................................................................................... 39
4.1.1 Kind of Process Dominantly Used by Men and women ......................... 39
4.1.2 The Types of Process Used By Women ................................................. 43
4.1.3 The comparison of experiential process realized by men and women
in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com. ................................................... 45
4.1.4 The reason man and woman use experiential function differently in
writing opinion at www.Kompasiana.com ....................................................... 53
4.2 Findings ............................................................................................................. 56
4.3 Discussion ......................................................................................................... 58
4.3.1 The Process of Experiential Function in the Written of Men and Women at
www.kompasiana.com ........................................................................................ 59
4.3.2 The Difference of different ways of experiential functions realized by
man and woman in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com ........................... 60
4.3.3 he reason men and women use experiential function differently in
writing opinion at www.Kompasiana.com ......................................................... 62
5.1 Conclusions..................................................................................................... 65
5.2 Suggestions ..................................................................................................... 66
REFERENCES........................................................................................................ 68
APPENDICES ........................................................................................................ 71
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The characteristic of women and men .................................................... 24
Table 4.1.1.1 The types of process used by men in opinion rubric at
www.kompasiana.com ...................................................................... 42
Table 4.1.1.2 The types of process used by women................................................ 44
Table 4.1.2 The comparison of experiential process realized by man and woman
in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com ...................................... 51
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Page
The Women’s Text www.kompasiana.com....................... 70
The Men’s Text www.kompasiana.com............................
Appendix 2 The analysis of women’s text…………………………..
The analysis of men’s text……………………………..
79
88
109
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background of the Study
Nowadays, internet is very popular for people to search information in this
world. Clay (1994 : 6) states that the internet is a great number of collected
service for a big computer (server) and small computer (Personal Computer) using
Netting System of Communication by the phone pulse or radio waves that are
connected and get connected to each other and come from all parts of the world.
He also stated that the internet is a collective people who’s actively involve and
participate themselves so that create very valuable information source.
It means that people use internet not only for searching but also for sharing
experiences,events, ideas or opinions of the world. People can create their skills,
such as, sing, poetry, peom, express idea and experiences on the internet through
video or written form.
Logan (2000) admits that the internet constitutes the five links in an
evolutionary chain of languages that includes speech, writing, mathematics,
science, and computing, each developing its own distinct semantics and syntax. It
means, in internet people also can write their experiences, ideas, opinion, events
based on their perception of the world. Thus, people from the entire world are
possibly to write some information, public opinion or their experiences in the
internet.
1
2
Moreover, when we talk about writing people’s perception about the
world, it relate to functional language which is talk about the writing process. It
helps the people who read the text will be understood clearly. Halliday’s system
functional grammar (1994:106), enables the analysis of the experiential function
on people’s perception of the world through the way they use their language. It
means, the analysis of the function of language will help the readers to understand
what the writer means from the text. This research chooses article opinion taken
from some websites that have written by different numbers of the readers.
Halliday (1994:106) states that the experiential function is as way of
representing patterns of experience. The representing patterns of experience
through the process of doing, process of being, process of existing, process of
physiological and psychological, indicating perception, relational, activities of
saying, commanding, asking, and etc. All of these elements can make the readers
understand the text of opinion article.
Different people have different perception about something, so, they also
have different way in writing idea or opinions. Gender differences make
difference language in conveying the ideas (Alnes, 2009:8). It menas that every
people have different idea about something, especially men and women have
different way in convey their ideas based on their perception or experience. When
exploring the ideas of gender, discourse is important area to focus on. In general,
men and women are known to use language differently, but sometimes they may
unintentionally exhibit feminine or masculine language characteristic respectively
when they talk and also write.
3
Tannen (1990) stated that women use rapport talk to establish meaningful
connection with others, while men use report talk to gain status in relation to
others. Because women and men use language differently. It means that’s why in
the gathering women open the introduction and men to conclude. Women has
narture characteristic because women to rapport and men to report.
Lakoff (1975) proposed that women language is different with men
language in the use of grammatical features. Another theory said that women are
under constant pressure to display their personal (Eckert, 1989: 247). It means, the
differences between man and woman language use appear to be centered about the
interaction between the linguistic actor and his or her linguistic context the reader
and the author or writer.
A study about functional linguistic used by men and women has been
conducted by Elisabeth (2009) which focus on to investigate how the man and
woman are represented and created in Billboard whether it liberates or reinforces
traditional or stereotypical ideas of gender. The data were collected by show the
relative frequency of process types, they are material, relational, verbal,
behavioural, mental and existential processes. The findings of the research shows
that the review of men are more dynamic as there are more doing process or
material process than woman. While the reviews of women greater number of
being process or mental process.
The same research conducted by Barbara (2006) study of transitivity
realized through the analysis of the process shows that the male character is the
doer or more practical actions than the female. The data shows while the male
professor does actions to prove his capacity to himself and to public world, the
4
female student expects to be recognized by the professor for the action she
competently performs. It is realized through the mental processes that the female
is move by her emotions while the male does not show any sign of perception of
affection in his nature.
Based on the researcher observation in the media of internet ( website
www. Kompasiana.com) in November 2014 in writing opinion, man and woman
used some experiential function to give the idea or opinion. The mental and
relational process often found in men writing. The examples below have been
taken to give clear ideas about man and women writings :
a. Man’s opinion
Sebagai sosiolog (relational process), saya tentu prihatin (mental) membaca
(material) media, menonton TV dan mendengar (behavioural) curahan hati
teman-teman wartawan dan staf security DPR.
Oleh karena itu, saya mendesak (material) untuk segera diselesaikan (relational)
permasalahan pembagian kursi di komisi-komisi DPR RI secara adil dan
proporsional antara Koalisi Merah Putih (KMP) dan Koalisi Indonesia Hebat
(KIH).
Pertama, pimpinan kedua kubu yang berseberangan, sebaiknya segera duduk
(material) bareng untuk memusyawarahkan (material) persoalan yang
menjadikan (relational) mereka terpecah. Untuk memuluskan (material)
terwujudnya pertemuan perlu mediator.
Kedua, pimpinan partai politik perlu turun (material) gunung kalau tidak bisa
diselesaikan kedua kubu yang berseteru di DPR karena mereka hanya sebagai
(relational) opetaror pelaksana kebijakan pimpinan dari masing-masing partai
politik.
Ketiga, Presiden Jokowi sebaiknya memprakarsai (material) pertemuan
silaturrahim pimpinan partai politik untuk mendengar (mental) saran dan
pandangan mereka. Untuk memuluskan (material) pertemuan, ada baiknya
dibentuk (relational) tim advance yang akan menjajaki pertemuan dengan
pimpinan partai politik.
Oleh karena itu, DPR yang terbelah, bisa diselesaikan dengan cepat melalui
musyawarah pimpinan partai politik.
5
b. Woman’s opinion
Koalisi Indonesia Hebat di DPR yang terdiri dari Partai Demokrasi Indonesia
Perjuangan, Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa, Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, Partai
Hati Nurani Rakyat dan Partai NasDem meminta (material) Presiden Joko
Widodo (Jokowi) mengeluarkan (material) Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti
Undang-undang MPR,DPR,DPD,DPRD(MD3).
Permintaan diajukan (relational) setelah aksi sapu bersih (material) kursi
pimpinan komisi -komisi di DPR oleh Koalisi Merah Putih. Namun Jokowi
enggan menindaklanjuti (material) permintaan Perppu itu. Saat ini Jokowi
memilih (material) fokus melaksanakan program pembangunan. Hal itu
disampaikan (verbal) Menteri Agraria Ferry Mursyidan Baldan di Kantor
Presiden,
Jakarta,
Kamis,
30
Oktober
2014.
"Kerjakan program kerja pemerintah dulu saja. Itu nanti saja, nggak usah
menjadi (relational) fix agenda.Toh mekanisme itu
sudah jalan,"katanya.
Menurut (mental) Ferry jika sudah dalam kondisi darurat, baru presiden akan
menentukan langkah. Namun saat ini belum ada (existential) kondisi darurat
yang memaksa presiden menerbitkan (material) Perppu. Ferry mengingatkan
(mental) penyelesaian masalah di DPR dapat dilakukan
melalui musyawarah
mufakat. "Itu seninya. Yang belum dipakai seni itu. DPR kalau tensi tinggi jangan
dilawan keras, harus diredakan.
Skors,lobi,"ujarnya.
Menurut Ferry, yang perlu didorong (relational) bukan Perppu MD3 tetapi agar
mereka lebih menggunakan (material) seni dalam berpolitik yaitu musyawarah
mufakat."Cara yang lebih baik dari DPR, kembalikan lagi musyawarah mufakat,"
katanya (verbal).
From the above written, man’s text was simple than woman. It means the
man’s text was found mental and relational process frequently than others and the
most frequently process is relational process. It also found in woman’s text the
most frequently is relation process. However, in woman’s text found some
processes, it distinct in man’s text which is the most process appear is relational
process. On other words, the woman’s text is more complicated than man’s text
that it will make different perception for the readers to understand and also to
catch the meaning of the text.
In addition, from the example above there is some comparisons between
men and women’s sentence when they discuss the same topic, that is about “DPR
Terbelah”
6
Men’s
Women’s
Presiden
Jokowi
sebaiknya Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat dan Partai
memprakarsai pertemuan silaturrahim NasDem meminta Presiden Joko
pimpinan partai politik
Widodo
mengeluarkan
Peraturan
Pemerintah
Pengganti
UndangundangMPR,DPR,DPD,DPRD(MD3).
DPR yang terbelah, bisa diselesaikan Ferry
mengingatkan
penyelesaian
dengan cepat melalui musyawarah masalah di DPR dapat dilakukan
pimpinan partai politik.
melalui musyawarah mufakat.
From the data display, the first sentences show that men directly argued to
the actor that is Jokowi to do something, while in women’s text there were
mediator to asked the actor (Jokowi) to do something. It means, men is to do
point in convey their idea, while women still use the polite sentence. The second
sentence, it also happen the same case. However, they have same idea to solve the
problem about the case. it means that, between men and women have same
conclusion to solve problem but they are different in the use process.
Based on the prior observation, there was a gap between the fact and the
theory. The theory proposed by Halliday and Ruth Wodak, man use more material
process which show that man as doer or more doing. While, woman as passive
and sensitive use more mental process in written. Whereas the fact it was found
that man often used relational process in writing opinion.
Some studies have reported significant differences in the opposite
direction. Philips et al. ( 1987) display key political and public-speaking roles and
speech genres in which women participate rarely, or not at all. In public speaking,
women participate rarely than men. It show that men have greater command of
the discourse of power than women, which it men do more actions, events, while
women more emotion, sensitive. However, the study showed that men used more
7
material process in written form whereas women used longer sentences by using
some process which is mental process was dominant.
Another studies have reported that women occur as actors in material
processes far more frequently than men, which is indication that women’s agency
is emphasized more than men’s (El Biadi, 2013). He argued that the general
stereotyped image about men is that they have tendency to lose their temper more
easily than women and that they are endowed with more physical strength which
justifies the violence they commit. While in Goal of material process men also
occur with higher frequency.
Rubin and Greene (1992) found that overall, women in the study tended to
use more markers of excitability (e.g., exclamation points) and a higher frequency
of egocentric phrases (e.g., “I believe that . . .”) within their writing than men.
With regard to gender role orientation rather than biological gender, writers with
more instrumental (rather than expressive) orientations were more likely to use
longer sentences and to refer to themselves in the first person. Gender typicality
was difficult to establish. For example, even a feature such as anticipating a
reader’s reservations (e.g., “I know you might think that drug testing is no big
deal if you have nothing to worry about, but . . .), which was found to occur more
often in women’s writing than in men’s,
Moreover, context seemed to have the greatest effect on some aspects of
gender performance. For instance, women and men did not differ in their use of
egocentric sequences (e.g., “I guess,” “I think”) when writing to a distant audience
and after revision, but the invitation to write informally to intimate readers
engendered a higher incidence of such subjective phrasing for women.Men’s
8
production of this particular feature was generally unresponsive to the social
context of the writing task.
Based on the observation and the findings of Barbara (2006) study, the
researcher sees that men and women in Billboard seems different in write their
opinion, where men used more material process and women used more mental
process. But, the fact found in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com , it was
found that the frequency of the six process of experiential function are not
significantly different. Even, the man’s process dominantly in writing is relational
process. Therefore, the researcher wants to analyze the experiential process occur
dominantly in writing opinion between men and women. This study can be used
to writer or journalists to more attend in writing opinion to reach the
understanding among the readers or reviewers. When the text use many processes
it can be complicated and unclear to understand, and vice verse. Therefore, it is
very important to conduct a study on SFL of experiential function in writing
opinion by man and woman.
1.2 The Problems of the Study
The research based on the background of the study, the writer conducts
study the gender differences in the use of experiential function among the
opinion’s people. The following questions will be forwarded as the research
problems:
1. What kind of process is dominantly used in the writing opinion article
of men and women?
9
2. How are different ways of experiential functions realized by men and
women in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com ?
3. Why do men and women use experiential function differently in
writing opinion at www.Kompasiana.com?
1.3 The Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is limited into the experiential function used in the
written form in convey opinion of different gender namely men and women. The
opinions are written by men and women in internet. They are free to write their
opinion about politic field.
There are three aspects will be observed in this study. The first one is the
systematical functional grammar that is the process dominantly used by men and
women in written form. The Second is different use of experiential function in the
writing opinion of men and women and the third is the reason for the different use
of experiential function in writing opinion between men and women.
1.4 The Objectives of the Study
The objective of this study was to find out the answer of the research
problems. To be more specific the objectives of the study are:
1. to find out the process dominantly used by men and women in writing
opinion.
2. to describe the different of the process in the writing opinion of men and
women toward the readers.
3. to explain the reasons for the different use processes of experiential
function between man and woman in writing opinion.
10
1.5 The Significance of the Study
A study which is designed to cover some intended result should have the
significances.
A. Theoretically
1. The result of the study is considered to provide valuable understanding
and to enrich the theories of gender and language in discourse study.
2. The result of the study can be used as reference for those who want to
conduct a study in gender and language.
B. Practically
The result of this study is expected to contribute faithful information
about gender and language for students, teachers or lecturers, researchers
and people who will write opinion in internet.
1. Firstly, for the students, so they can enrich their knowledge about
gender and language.
2. Secondly, for the teachers and lecturers, so they can use it to
support the teaching and learning materials related to the gender
and language.
3. Thirdly, the result of the study can be useful for researcher to gain
a deep insight especially in gender and language in writing opinion
through experiential function.
4. Fourthly, the result of this study can be useful for people who will
write any opinions in internet to enhance their awareness to be
more appreciative with their writing or opinion.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
The study concerned on the process of experiential function using by men
and women in writing opinion at www.kompasian.com. Based on the analysis, the
conclusions are drawn as follows:
Actually, the best way to describe the different between the genders is in a
cross-cultural format. Women use rapport talk to establish meaningful
connection with others, while men use report talk to gain status in relation to
others. Because women and men use language differently, they also write
differently and use different type of processes in their text. Men, on the other
hand, use communication in order to try to maintain their independence and
negotiate their status in a hierarchical social order. Men try to do this by out
doing all of the other males with their knowledge and skill. It is interesting how
men try to stick out in groups for their incredible individuality. Thus, based on
the finding the dominant process of experiential function used by men in
writing opinion is relational process. It shows that men tend to describing and
identifying about something based on their perception.
Whereas women tend to fear sticking out. The dominant process of
experiential function used by women in writing opinion is material process,
because women talk for interaction, or to build rapport.
In addition, the difference of process of experiential function using by men
and women in writing opinion at www.kompasian.com is found that there are only
five types of process experiential function namely relational process, material
process, mental process, behavioural process and verbal process. Then, there are
six types process of experiential function in women’s written which are found in
this study. They are relational process, material process, mental process,
behavioural process, verbal process, and existensial process. It is also found that
the women use more material process than men in writing opinion.It show that
says that the main difference between men’s and women’s communication styles
are that men simply talk for information, hence the lable “report talk.” Men tend
to feel overwhelmed and may even feel “dizzy” when women include a large
amount of information that men deem as unnecessary.
The reason of the difference men and women in using process of
experiential function in writing opinion at www.kompasiana.com is the brain
structure. It make them different in thinking and response something. Because
most women, sharing and discussing something and usually more concerned
about how problems are solved than merely solving the problem. While, for men
solving a problems presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence.
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusions, suggestions are presented as follows:
1. Since this research has not involved all aspects of experiential function
using by men and women’s written, it is expected that other researchers
can develop this research.
2. It is also suggested to the other students of English Applied Linguistic
Study Program :
a. The research on language and gender has just begun and there is much
room left for us to complete. The research involves many disciplines
and many related aspects need to explore and research further.
b. Students of Applied Linguistic Study Program should explore and
investigate some other phenomena of experiential function process of
men and women in any society in order to enrich the linguistics
knowledge.
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