Appendix 4. Pictures of commonly found banana diseases and pests in Indonesia Appendix 5. Banana pests and diseases found in five main islands of Indonesia Appendix 6. Banana varieties observed during the surveys in Indonesia

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11.4 Appendix 4. Pictures of commonly found banana diseases and pests in Indonesia

Fusarium wilt, the major complaint of banana farmer Blood disease, another major complaint Page 66 Banana weevil, the pest that farmer thinking to be the causal agent of wilting New threat, banana bunchy top disease, initially endemic in West Java and Lampung provinces, found to be spread up in almost all provinces. Page 67 New threat, bacterial corm rot Erwinia sp., newly emerging deadly disease but was found rare Wild Musa schizocarpa was found Fusarium wilted identified as VCG 0126 in the road side around 10 km from the border of Jayapura and Papua New Guinea. Page 68

11.5 Appendix 5. Banana pests and diseases found in five main islands of Indonesia

No Pests and Diseases Sumatera Java Kalimantan Sulawesi Papua 1 Fusarium wilt ++ to +++ ++ to +++ + ++ + 2 Sigatoka leaf spot ++ ++ + ++ ++ 3 Cordana leaf spot + + + ++ +++ 4 Black cross disease - +1 - ++ +++ 5 Giant banana leafspot +2 - - - - 6 Blood disease +++ +++ +++ ++ ++3 7 Bacterial corm rot + + + pe + 8 BBTV ++ +++ + + + 9 Mosaic disease + pe - + + 10 Nematode + + pe + pe 11 Leaf roll4 + to +++ + to +++ + to +++ + to +++ n 12 Thrips5 + + pe + + 13 Fruit scab + to ++ + to ++ + to ++ + to ++ - 14 Fruit fly + pe - pe - 15 Stem borer + to +++ + to ++ + + to ++ pe 16 Corm borer + + + + pe 17 Leaf eater weevil - +6 - - - 18 Leaf eater caterpillar + +6 - - - 19 Fire caterpillar + - - + - 20 Red and white caterpillar - +1 - - - 21 Plant hopper - - - - + 22 Hemiptera - - +7 - - 23 Mites Pe + - - + 24 Termites - - + - - 25 Nutrient deficiency Pe pe + pe - 26 Herbicide phytotoxic - - pe - + 27 Soil inundation - + + pe + +, ++, +++ = consecutively from rare to frequently found - = not found during survey pe = pest or case was not found during survey but predicted exist in the area Page 69

11.6 Appendix 6. Banana varieties observed during the surveys in Indonesia

Name Synonyms Variety Genome Subgroup Berlin AA Berlin Muli, Maoli, Bawang, Burung, Nona, Lampung Mas Bunga AA Berlin Mas AA Sucrier Rejang AA Cv Rose Jarum AA Cv Rose Sario Lilin AA Lilin Kapas AA Rakit AA Cavendish Williams AAA Cavendish Morosebo AAA Dwarf Cavendish Ambon Hijau AAA Giant Cavendish Buai, Ambon Lumut, Ambon Hong Ambon Kuning AAA Grosh Michel Ambon Putih Barangan AAA Barangan Ayam, Gapi Udang AAA GreenRed Banana Rojomolo AAA GreenRed Banana Embug, Rojomolo Raja Bulu AAB Raja Bulu Raja Raja Serai AAB Silk Susu Nangka AAB Nangka Ketan AAB Jantan, Uli, Ketip Raja Lilin AAB Mysore Goroho AABAA? Goroho Merah AABAA? Talas AABAA? Tanduk AAB Horn Plantain Candi AAB False Plantain Tanduk Merah AAB Horn Plantain Lampeneng AAB Slendang Kastroli AAB? Goroho Gajah? Pulo AAB? Kelat AAB? Longok AAB? JanekKoyut ? Caras ? Pisang panjang Pisang-pisang Kepok ABB Saba Batu, Sepatu, Cepatu, Nipah, Menurun, Manurung, Sanggar Kepok BesarJawaka ABB Kepok Tanpa Jantung Awak ABB Awak Uwak, Siem, Raja Siem, Uter, Raja Banyu, Pulau Pinang, Batu Sobo ABB Bluggoe Sepatu Putih Page 70 Name Synonyms Variety Genome Subgroup Klutuk Musa balbisiana BB Klutuk Batu Wild1 Musa acuminata AAw Wild2 Musa acuminata AAw Wild3 Musa acuminata AAw Wild4 Musa acuminata banksii Wild5 Musa scizocarpa Musa Bornensis 11.7 Appendix 7. Major Banana diseases recorded in PNG Davis 2000; Davis et al. 2001; Davis et al. 2000; Shaw 1984 Common name Scientific name Diamond leaf spot Cordana musae Pseudostem rot Marasmiellus semiustus Leaf spot Cladosporium musae Anthracnose of fruits Colletotrichum musae Black Sigatoka Mycosphaerella fijiensis Sigatoka disease Mycosphaerella musicola Black cross Phyllachora musicola Banana streak virus Badnavirus Root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita Burrowing nematode Radopholus similis Panama Disease Fusarium oxysporum ‘Race 1’ Page 71

11.8 Appendix 8. List of banana varieties evaluated for the pathogenecity test