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11.4 Appendix 4. Pictures of commonly found banana diseases and pests in Indonesia
Fusarium wilt, the major complaint of banana farmer
Blood disease, another major complaint
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Banana weevil, the pest that farmer thinking to be the causal agent of wilting
New threat, banana bunchy top disease, initially endemic in West Java and Lampung provinces, found to be spread up in almost all provinces.
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New threat, bacterial corm rot Erwinia sp., newly emerging deadly disease but was found rare
Wild Musa schizocarpa was found Fusarium wilted identified as VCG 0126 in the road side around 10 km from the border of Jayapura and Papua New Guinea.
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11.5 Appendix 5. Banana pests and diseases found in five main islands of Indonesia
No Pests and Diseases
Sumatera Java
Kalimantan Sulawesi
Papua 1
Fusarium wilt ++ to +++
++ to +++ +
++ +
2 Sigatoka leaf spot
++ ++
+ ++
++ 3
Cordana leaf spot +
+ +
++ +++
4 Black cross disease
- +1
- ++
+++ 5
Giant banana leafspot +2
- -
- -
6 Blood
disease +++ +++ +++ ++ ++3 7
Bacterial corm rot +
+ +
pe +
8 BBTV ++
+++ +
+ +
9 Mosaic disease
+ pe
- +
+ 10
Nematode + + pe +
pe 11
Leaf roll4 + to +++
+ to +++ + to +++
+ to +++ n
12 Thrips5
+ + pe + +
13 Fruit scab
+ to ++ + to ++
+ to ++ + to ++
- 14 Fruit
fly +
pe -
pe -
15 Stem borer
+ to +++ + to ++
+ + to ++
pe 16
Corm borer + + + +
pe 17 Leaf
eater weevil
- +6
- -
- 18
Leaf eater caterpillar +
+6 -
- -
19 Fire caterpillar
+ -
- +
- 20
Red and white caterpillar - +1
- -
- 21
Plant hopper - - - -
+ 22
Hemiptera - - +7
- -
23 Mites Pe
+ -
- +
24 Termites
- - + - -
25 Nutrient deficiency
Pe pe
+ pe
- 26
Herbicide phytotoxic
- - pe - +
27 Soil inundation
- +
+ pe
+ +, ++, +++ = consecutively from rare to frequently found
- = not found during survey pe = pest or case was not found during survey but predicted exist in the area
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11.6 Appendix 6. Banana varieties observed during the surveys in Indonesia
Name Synonyms
Variety Genome Subgroup
Berlin AA
Berlin Muli, Maoli, Bawang, Burung, Nona, Lampung
Mas Bunga AA
Berlin Mas AA
Sucrier Rejang
AA Cv Rose
Jarum AA
Cv Rose Sario
Lilin AA Lilin
Kapas AA
Rakit AA
Cavendish Williams AAA
Cavendish Morosebo
AAA Dwarf Cavendish
Ambon Hijau AAA
Giant Cavendish Buai, Ambon Lumut, Ambon Hong
Ambon Kuning AAA
Grosh Michel Ambon Putih
Barangan AAA Barangan Ayam,
Gapi Udang
AAA GreenRed Banana
Rojomolo AAA
GreenRed Banana Embug, Rojomolo
Raja Bulu AAB
Raja Bulu Raja
Raja Serai AAB
Silk Susu
Nangka AAB Nangka
Ketan AAB
Jantan, Uli, Ketip Raja Lilin
AAB Mysore
Goroho AABAA?
Goroho Merah AABAA?
Talas AABAA?
Tanduk AAB
Horn Plantain Candi
AAB False Plantain
Tanduk Merah AAB
Horn Plantain Lampeneng AAB
Slendang Kastroli
AAB? Goroho Gajah?
Pulo AAB?
Kelat AAB?
Longok AAB?
JanekKoyut ?
Caras ?
Pisang panjang Pisang-pisang
Kepok ABB
Saba Batu, Sepatu, Cepatu, Nipah, Menurun,
Manurung, Sanggar Kepok BesarJawaka
ABB Kepok Tanpa Jantung
Awak ABB
Awak Uwak, Siem, Raja Siem, Uter, Raja Banyu,
Pulau Pinang, Batu Sobo ABB
Bluggoe Sepatu
Putih
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Name Synonyms
Variety Genome Subgroup
Klutuk Musa balbisiana
BB Klutuk
Batu Wild1
Musa acuminata
AAw Wild2
Musa acuminata
AAw Wild3
Musa acuminata
AAw Wild4
Musa acuminata banksii
Wild5 Musa
scizocarpa Musa Bornensis
11.7 Appendix 7. Major Banana diseases recorded in PNG Davis 2000; Davis et al. 2001; Davis et al. 2000; Shaw 1984
Common name Scientific name
Diamond leaf spot Cordana musae
Pseudostem rot Marasmiellus semiustus
Leaf spot Cladosporium musae
Anthracnose of fruits Colletotrichum musae
Black Sigatoka Mycosphaerella fijiensis
Sigatoka disease Mycosphaerella musicola
Black cross Phyllachora musicola
Banana streak virus Badnavirus
Root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Burrowing nematode Radopholus similis
Panama Disease Fusarium oxysporum ‘Race 1’
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11.8 Appendix 8. List of banana varieties evaluated for the pathogenecity test