d Communication Strategies
In order to get the message across, a learner may use some techniques like word coinage, circumlocution, false cognates, and prefabricated pattern,
which can all be sources of error.
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B. Error Analysis
1. The Understanding of Error Analysis
Error analysis is a process based on analysis of learner ’s error in their process
of language learning. Many linguists have their own definition about error. H. Douglas Brown writes in his Principles of Language Learning and Teaching that
error analysis is defined as observation, analysis, and classification of error that made by learner to reveal something of system operating within the learner.
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David Crystal defines error analysis as a study of unacceptable form. He says, “error analysis in language teaching and learning is the study of the unacceptable
forms produced by someone in learning a language, especially a foreign language.
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Different from them, Rod Ellis suggests the steps of learner’s errors analysis
methodology as follows: a.
Collection of a sample of learner language. b.
Identification of errors. c.
Descriptions of error d.
Explaining the errors. e.
Evaluation of errors.
9
6
Brown
7
JC. Richard, et.al. …, p.127-128
8
David Crystal, Dictionary of Language and Languages, London: Penguin, 1992 p. 125
9
Rod Ellis, Understanding Second Language Acquisition, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994, p.48
2. The Role of Error Analysis
Henry Guntur Tarigan and Djago Tarigan, say that error analysis gives some benefits, they are:
a. To know the causes of the error and to understand the background of errors.
b. To correct errors made by the students.
c. To avoid similar errors made by students in the future.
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While, Pit S. Corder states that there are two function of error analysis concerning of the way of language process. The practical aspect of error analysis
has function in guiding the remedial action, as it stated that: Error analysis has two functions. The first is as a theoretical one and the
second as practical one. The theoretical aspect of error analysis is part of the methodology of investigating the language learning process. The
practical aspect of error analysis is the function guiding the remedial action.
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3. The Goal of Error Analysis
Stig Johanson says, “error analysis aims at systematically describing and explaining errors made by speakers of a foreign language.”
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He also says, “An analysis
of the learner’s error gives evidence of his competence in the foreign language. A
lso gain valuable information concerning learner’s difficulties at different stages.”
Jack C. Richard- John Platt- Heidi Platt, claim that error analysis may be carried out in order to:
a. Identify strategies, which learners use in language learning.
10
Henry Guntur Tarigan and Djago Tarigan, Pengajaran Analisa Berbahasa, Bandung Angkasa, 1988, p.142
11
Harvey M. Taylor, English and Japanese in Contrast, new York: Regent Company, inc,. 1979, p.11
12
Stig Johnson, The Uses of Error Analysis and Contrastive Analysis 1, ELT Journal Vol. XXIX, No.3, April 1975, p.243
