b. Try to identify the causes of learner’s errors.
c. Obtain information of common difficulties in language learning, as an aid to
teach or in the preparation of teaching materials.
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C. Writing
1. The Understanding of writing
There are several opinion about the understanding about writing. Writing is more like acting on the stage than it is like working a physics
problem. It is performance for audience that involves the total person-his thoughts, his feeling, and the conscious techniques he uses to influence.
14
Writing is a way of thinking as well as means of communication, and one of the things it can be used to think about is someone and some writing must be
impersonal.
15
Writing helps students learn, writing reinforce the grammatical structures, idioms, and vocabulary that we have been teaching our students. Writing involved
new language; the effort to express ideas and the constant use of the eye, hand, and brain is unique way to reinforce learning.
16
Based on these definition above, writing kind of activity learning, this activity need background knowledge to support it skill, the skills; grammatical structure,
idioms, and vocabulary, and impersonal communication.
13
JC. Richard, ..., p.243
14
Irmscher, William f. Ways of Writing. United States of America: McGraw-Hill, 1969. Page 16
15
Comley Nancy R, Scholes Robert. The practice of writing second edition. New York: St. Martin’s Press. 1985
16
Anna Raimes. Techniques in Teaching Writing. Oxford University Press: New York. 1983
D. Paragraph
1. The Understanding of Paragraph
A paragraph is composed a group of sentence expressing one central idea. A paragraph is complete in itself and also a subdivision or part of something larger
such as a composition or a chapter in a book.
17
In other book about paragraph is a group of sentence. The number of sentences in the paragraph depends on its subject. A paragraph is a group sentence
that develops logically one subject, because each sentence in the paragraph is about the same general subject, each sentence must be connected tightly to the
sentence before it and to the sentence after it.
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2. Types of Paragraph
In an essay, there are four types of paragraphs —introductory, body,
transitional and concluding —and each it has different function. In the simplest
terms, introductory paragraphs introduce the thesis, body paragraphs develop it, transitional paragraphs move one aspect of it to another, and concluding
paragraphs sum up the development of the thesis and restate it.
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a. Introductory paragraphs
An introductory paragraph supports the thesis in three ways. First, it engages readers; interest with a strong opening sentence. Some writing text advised using
a quotation or an anecdote to capture readers’ attention, and this can work well.
An introductory paragraph also supports the thesis by giving relevant background information and context, such as important facts or theory. The third,
and perhaps most important function of an introductory paragraph, is to introduce the thesis statement and thereby focus the readers on the central idea of paper.
17
Katheleen E. Sulliva, Paragraph Practice, New York: MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc, 1967 p.1
18
M. George Rooks, Paragraph Power Communicating Ideas Through Paragraph 2n
d
Edition. New York: Prentice Hall Regents.
19
Linda McCloud-Bondoc, Writing Effective Paragraph, Journal, 2012 13, September 2012 at 4.22 A.M
