1.4 Thesis Structure
Chapter 1 will discuss on the introduction. It provides information regarding to the project background, objectives, scope of project.
Chapter 2 is about the literature review on video compression and coding technique. It will also cover an overall view on the other BMAs and motion
estimation. Chapter 3 discusses methodology. It will describe the method employed in
this project that is using MATLAB. It will be started by first uploading video technique, then extract the video into frames as well as the implementation of Block
Matching Algorithm BMA and the analysis. Chapter 4 will cover on the DS algorithm in details. Here, all the theory
about this algorithm such as the step of this algorithm is further explained and described.
Chapter 5 is the result and discussion. DS algorithm is compared against five other BMAs which are FS, 4SS, NTSS, CS and CDS in term of PSNR, search points
and speed up ratio. Chapter 6 is conclusion and suggestion. It this chapter, this thesis will be
concluded with a critical review and recommendations for possible future work.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Video Compression and Coding Techniques
Video compression coding is the enabling technology behind a new wave of communication applications. From streaming internet video to broadcast digital
television and digital cinema, the video codec is a key building block for a host of new multimedia applications and services. Video data compression is a process in
which the amount of data used to represent video and image is reduced to meet a bit rate requirement, while the quality of the reconstructed image or video satisfies a
requirement for a certain application and the complexity of computation involved is affordable for the application.
The block diagram in the Figure 2.1 below shows the functionality of image and video data compression in visual transmission and storage. Image and video data
compression has been found to be necessary in these important applications because the huge amount of data involved in these and other applications usually greatly
exceeds the capability of today‘s hardware despite rapid advancements in the semiconductor, computer and other related industries.
Figure 2.1 Image and video compression for visual transmission and storage
It is noted that information and data are two closely related yet different concepts. Data represent information, and the quantity of data can be measured. In
the context of digital image and video, data are usually measured by the number of binary units bits.
The required quality of the reconstructed image and video is application dependent. In medical diagnoses and some scientific measurements, the
reconstructed image and video may be needed to mirror the original image and video. In other words, only reversible, information-preserving schemes are allowed.
This type of compression is referred to as lossless compression. In applications such as motion pictures and television, a certain amount of information loss is allowed.
This type of compression is called lossy compression.
From its definition, one can see that image and video data compression involves several fundamental concepts including information, data, visual quality of
image and video, and computational complexity.
The key ideas in video coding techniques is predict a new frame from a previous frame and only code the prediction error or known as inter prediction. The
prediction error will be coded using an image coding method such as Discrete Cosine Transform DCT which based as in Joint Photographic Experts Group
Image and Video
Compression Transmission
and Storage
Data Reconstruction
or Data Retrieval
Input Output
JPEG. Prediction error will have smaller energy than the original pixel values and can be coded with fewer bits. While those regions that cannot be predicted well will
be coded directly using DCT that based in intra coding or intra prediction. Predicting a current block from previously coded blocks in the same frame is called intra
prediction. The most popular video coding method is known as hybrid video compression system.
2.2 Hybrid Video Compression System [1]