2.2 The Aspects of Writing 2.2.1 Grammar
Fairbairn and Winch 1996:108 state that grammar is a set of rules to construct sentences that makes sense and acceptable English. It is also
supported by Heaton 1991:135 who states that the grammatical skill is the ability to write correct and appropriate sentences. Thus, it can be concluded
that to produce a good and effective writing, the writers should master the grammatical aspects of language.
In writing a narrative text, the students need to master grammar, especially Simple Past Tense. Simple Past Tense shows the time that
happened in the past. According to Hayden et al. 1956:61, the Simple Past expresses activities that existed or occured in the past. The rule of Simple
Past Tense is S+V2+O+adverb of time yesterday, a week ago, a month ago, a year ago, a long time ago, and so on.
2.2.2 Vocabulary
Vocabulary is one of the important aspects in writing. It is difficult to create writing in certain language, especially in writing English if the writer
has only few words. It is supported by Bram 1995:92 who states that words are the basic tools for writing, words carry meanings; wrong words surely do
not get the writers’ message across. In order to make a good writing, the writer should have a great store of words in which the meaning of those
words have been understood.
2.2.3 Mechanics
Mechanics are very essential in writing. The use of mechanics in writing can influence the message of writing. The use of mechanics
incorrectly can make the readers misunderstand the message in writing. According to Bram 1995:92 using correct punctuation is indispensable to
careful writing, misused punctuation may convey a different message. The other mechanical skill is spelling. In writing, spelling is important
because poor spellings can make the meaning ambiguous and non-sense
sentences Fairbairn and Winch, 1996:100. Thus, it can be concluded that the writers should write with the correct spellings so that the readers are not
confused with what the writers write.
2.2.4 Organization Organization
is the students’ ability to arrange or to present their ideas into chronological or logical order. Dealing with writing narrative text in
this research, the students should write their ideas based on the pictures given and the organization that will be measured is how the students can organize
their ideas following the generic structure of narrative text which covers orientation, complication and resolution. Those elements should develop unity
and coherence. a.
Unity A paragraph is said to be unity if sentences are related to the main
idea. Bram 1995:20 states that a paragraph is said to be unified if the sentences in a paragraph focus on the discussion about one thing stated in
the topic sentence. In other words, all sentences in a paragraph should focus on the one thing expressed in the topic sentence and a paragraph has
connection and supports the main idea. b.
Coherence Coherence means how the students arrange their ides in a logical or
chronological order. Fardhani 2005:113 states that the logical arrangement of ideas and sentences in a paragraph is called coherence. In
other words, every sentence in a paragraph should have connection each other logically. Connecting words such as; first, next, then, soon, shortly,
last, finally are oftenly used to organize ideas in chronological manner Carrol, 1990:17
2.2.5 Content
