61. My husband did not think about that I wanted some nice jewelry for my birthday
7. Noun Clauses as Adjective Phrase Complements
.
The seventh grammatical function that noun clauses can perform is the adjective phrase complement. Adjective phrase complements are defined as phrases
and clauses that complete the meaning of an adjective phrase. For example, the following italicized noun clauses function as adjective phrase complements:
62. I am pleased that you are studying noun clauses
63. The toddler was surprised .
that throwing a tantrum did not get him his way
Noun clauses most often function as adjective phrase complements when the adjective phrase is performing the function of subject complement.
.
8. Noun Clauses as Appositives
The eighth grammatical function that noun clauses can perform is the appositive. Appositives are defined as words, phrases, and clauses that describe or explain
another noun phrase. For example, the following italicized noun clauses function as appositives:
64. That man, whoever is he
65. The problem, , tried to steal some library books.
which the storm knocked out power, is affecting the entire town.
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2.4 Adjective Clause
An adjective clause—also called an adjectival or relative clause—will meet three requirements www.chompchomp.com:
•
First, it will contain a subject and verb.
•
Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].
•
Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?
All adjective clauses perform the grammatical function of noun phrase modifier. Noun phrase modifiers are defined as words, phrases, and clauses that describe or
modify a noun phrase. Adjective clauses are also referred to as relative clauses. The subordinating conjunctions that introduce adjective clauses are also called relative
pronouns.
Forms
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Adjective clause that is also called relative can be arranged by this pattern www Englishforum.com:
Relative Pronoun
A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause and has an antecedent www.Answer.com. It is called relative pronoun because it relates to the
word that it modifies and is not specific. In English, relative pronoun are who, whom, which, whose, and that.
Relative pronoun can be a subject, or an object. As a subject, relative pronoun will follow this rule www.Englishforum.com:
Relative pronoun as subject for human reflected in these following sentences:
65. The man who stole my purse has been arrested
Who Which
+ verb + complement Subordinators
Subject Who, Whom, Whose
+ Which, That
+ subject + verb Object
Where, Why
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Relative Pronoun as subject for things non humans is reflected in example
below: 66. The house that had been built three months ago
Relative Adverb
had destroyed by earthquake.
Relative adverb is a pro-adverb that marks a relative clause Mish 1991:995. Relative clauses are clause that modifies what they are attached to-that is to say, they
effect its meaning in someway. Most relative clauses modify a noun. In this way they act rather like adjective, in fact, adjectival clause is another name for them.
Relative adverb is composed of www.Englishforum.com :
The relative adverb that may introduce adjective clause is: 67. At first, Ann went to a bridge where the body of her husband was found
Functions .
According to the meaning, there are two functions of adjective clause. They are:
1. Restrictive Relative Clause
When +
Subject +
Verb + Complement
Where
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Restrictive relative clause is a relative clause that helps to identify the referent of the word that it modifies Pei and Gaynor 1945: 185. A referent is the concentrate
object or concept that is designated by a word or expression www.wikipedia.org. In other words, it means necessary. Restrictive relative pronoun has no comma around
it. Example:
68. My husband did not think about that I wanted some nice jewelry for my birthday .
2. Non-Restrictive Relative Clause
A non-restrictive relative clause is a relative clause that does not aid in the identification of the referent of its head noun, but only provides information about it
www.wikipedia.org. A non-restrictive relative clause is usually signaled in writing by commas before and after, and in the speech by tone unit boundaries on either side.
Example: 69. The problem, that the storm knocked out power
70. Ms. Eve, , is affecting the entire town.
who was the secretary of Mr. Raymond , is able to type two hundred
words in a minute.
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3. SUBORDINATION IN “A STUDY IN SCARLET”
It has already been mentioned in the previous chapter that subordinate sentences in “A Study in Scarlet” novel is the focus of the analysis. The sentences
were written randomly. The subordinate sentences consist of three clauses; they are adverb clause, noun clause, and adjective clause.
3.1 Adverb clause
An adverb clause is a clause that has an adverb-like function in modifying another clause Pei and Gaynor 1954: 7. In an adverb clause, a special introductory
word is added to a full subject – predicate structure www.Englishforum.com. This subordinator requires the clause that should be attached to another full predication.
3.1.1 Forms
A dependent clause begins with adverbial subordinators such as after, as, before, because, for, now what, until, when, since, whenever, any where,
moreer…that, if, whether, though, as…as, as if, where, as soon as, so…that, in
order to, so that, and same as.
An adverb clause can be composed by the following patterns www.englishforum.com:
Or
Subject + Verb + Noun + Subordinator + Subject + Verb + Noun
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3.1.2 Kinds
Every adverb is recognized by a subordinator, they are: after, as, before, because, for, now what , until, when, since, whenever, any where, moreer…that, if,
whether, though, as…as, as if, where, as soon as, so…that, in order to, so that, and same as.
Kinds of adverb clauses are determined by the subordinators that used in the clause, usually based on the meaning of the subordinators.
3.1.2.1 Adverb Clause of Time
This clause is used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or another event.
A time clause is introduced by the subordinators after, as, as soon as, before, since, until, whenever, and, while.
After
1. As we made our way to the hospital after leaving the Holborn, Stamford gave
me a few more particulars about the gentleman whom I supposed to take as a
fellow lodger. page 3
Subordinator + Subject + Verb + Noun, +Subject + Verb + Noun
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As
2. As he spoke
3. …, but
, he threw into the vessel a view white crystals,… page 4 as the crowd approached he laid it aside
Before
, and listened attentively to an account of the episode. page 49
4. It was closed upon twelve before I heard the sharp sound of his latchkey
page 30 .
Since
5. …, but since the police had been coming and going over it
6. Three weeks had passed
, I was unable to see
how my companion could hope to learn anything from it. page 16
since Jefferson Hope and his comrades had departed from Salt Lake City
Until
. page 56
7. We picked our way among groups of dirty children, and through lines of
discolored linen ,until we came to Number 48
When
,… page 24
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8. You know the feeling, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, when you come upon the
right scent 9.
,… page 16 When the head of it had reached the base of the mountains
Whenever
, the rear was not yet
visible on the horizon. page 47
10. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are
shown a single link of it
While
. page 10
11. Then I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the
time with it 12.
…, his eyes were sunken in his head, and burned with an unnatural luster; … page 10
while the hand which grasped his rifle was hardly more fleshly that that of a skeleton
3.1.2.2. Adverb Clause of Place
. page 45
This clause is used to talk about the location or position of something www.wikipedia.org. The subordinators used in adverb clause of place are found in
the following:
Where means a definite place
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13. …so I went into the room where the light was burning
14. …and succeeded in reaching Candahar in safety,
. page 24 where I found my
regiment
Anywhere Somewhere means any place
. page 1
15. Then I soon realized that I must either leave the metropolis and rusticate
somewhere in the country 16.
…without a sign … page 2
anywhere of plant of tree
Wherever
, which might indicate the presences of moisture. page 45
17. Wherever stirring adventures were to be bad
3.1.2.3 Adverb Clause of Reason
, Jefferson Hope had been in search of them. page 54
An adverb clause of reason is used to indicate the reason for something. The subordinator that used in this adverb is given below:
As
18. As for the article
Because
, I wrote it my self. page 11
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19. And object to rows because my nerves are shaken
For
, and I get up all sorts of ungodly hours,… page 5
20. We must hurry up, for I want to go to Halle’s concert to hear Norman
Neruda this afternoon
Now that
. page 23
21. Now that I do know it
3.1.2.4 Adverb clause of Condition
I shall do my best to forget it. page 8
This clause are used to talk about a possible situation and its consequences. These following sentences show the subordinators.
If
22. If I can only find what the fellow is driving at by reconciling all these
accomplishments
23. , and discovering a calling which needs them all.
page 9 If you were asked to prove that two and two made four
Whether
, you might find some difficulty. page 14
24. I am not sure about whether I shall go. page 15
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3.1.2.5 Adverb Clause of Result
Adverb clause of result is used to indicate the result of something. The subordinators which can be used is found in this following sentences:
So … that
25. The solitary window was so dirty that
3.1.2.6 Adverb clause of Concession
the light was hazy and uncertain. page 17
This clause is used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising www.wikipedia.org. Or in other words, it states
something opposed to the main clause but does not deny its validity. The most common subordinators used in this clause are:
Though
26. He spoke in a calm and methodical manner, as though
27. “Commonplace,” said Holmes,
the events which he narrated were commonplace enough.page 73
though I thought from his expression
Although
that he was
pleased at my evident surprise and admiration. page 14
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28. … ”That without leaving your room you can unravel some knot which
other men can make nothing of, although they have seen every detail for themselves?
3.1.2.7 Adverb clause of Comparison
” page 56
Adverb clause of comparison has two types, they are: 1. Adverb Clause of Comparison of Degree
2. Adverb Clause of Manner
1. Adverb Clause of Comparison of Degree
This type is used to compare two equal or unequal things in a sentence. The subordinators used in this type of adverb clause are given below:
As…as
29. As long as
30. Why, of course, now
all these questions were unsolved, I felt that I sleep would be no easy matter. page27
as long as
Moreer…than
we die we’ll be with mother again. page 46
31. From the great island sea to the distant Wasatch Mountains there was no name
better known than that of John Ferrier. page 52
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So…as
32. Here I rallied, and had already improved so far as
2. Adverb Clause of Comparison of Manner
