A Study Of Gerund Used In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel “The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes”

APPENDIX A. Bibliography of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle KStJ, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician, most noted for creating the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes and writing stories about him which are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction.

He is also known for writing the fictional adventures of a second character he invented, Professor Challenger, and for popularising the mystery of the Mary Celeste. He was a prolific writer whose other works include fantasy and science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction and historical novels.

Doyle is often referred to as "Sir Arthur Conan Doyle" or simply "Conan Doyle" (implying that Conan is part of a compound surname, as opposed to a given middle name). His baptism entry in the register of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh gives "Arthur Ignatius Conan" as his given names, and "Doyle" as his surname. It also names Michael Conan as his godfather. The cataloguers of the British Library and the Library of Congress treat "Doyle" alone as his surname.

using Conan as a sort of surname. But technically his last name is simply 'Doyle'." When knighted, he was gazetted as Doyle, not under the compound Conan Doyle. Nevertheless, the actual use of a compound surname is demonstrated by the fact that Doyle's second wife was known as "Jean Conan Doyle" rather than "Jean Doyle".

B. Summary of The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes Novel

All of the stories within The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes are told in a first-person narrative from the point of view of Dr. Watson, as is the case for all but four of the Sherlock Holmes stories. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography entry for Doyle suggests that the short stories contained in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes tend to point out social injustices, such as "a king's betrayal of an opera singer, a stepfather's deception of his ward as a fictitious lover, an aristocratic crook's exploitation of a failing pawnbroker, a beggar's extensive estate in Kent." It suggests that, in contrast, Holmes is portrayed as offering a fresh and fair approach in an unjust world of "official incompetence and aristocratic privilege". The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes contains many of Doyle's favourite Sherlock Holmes stories. In 1927, he submitted a list of what he believed were his twelve best Sherlock Holmes stories to The Strand Magazine. Among those he listed were "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" (as his favourite), "The Red-Headed League" (second), "A Scandal in Bohemia" (fifth) and "The Five Orange Pips" (seventh). The book was banned in the Soviet Union in 1929 because of its alleged "occultism", but the book gained popularity in a black market of similarly banned books, and the

“A Scandal in Bohemia" July 1891

The King of Bohemia engages Holmes to recover an indiscreet photograph showing him with the renowned beauty, adventuress and opera singer Irene Adler—the revelation of which would derail his marriage to a daughter of the King of Scandinavia. In disguise, Holmes witnesses Adler marry the man she truly loves, then by means of an elaborate stratagem discovers the photograph's hiding place. But when Holmes and the king return to retrieve the photo, they find Adler has fled the country with it, leaving behind a letter for Holmes and a portrait of herself for the King. The king allows Holmes to retain the portrait as a souvenir.

"The Adventure of the Red-Headed League" August 1891

Jabez Wilson, a pawnbroker, consults Holmes about a job he gained only because of his red hair. The job took him away from his shop for a short period each afternoon, and involved him copying the Encyclopaedia Britannica. After eight weeks, he was informed that the job had suddenly finished. Holmes visits the pawnbroker's shop, and after some investigation contacts a police inspector and the manager of a nearby bank. Along with Watson, they hide in the bank vault, and catch two thieves, who had dug a tunnel from the shop during the hours that Wilson was out each afternoon.

"A Case of Identity" September 1891

Against the wishes of her stepfather, Miss Mary Sutherland has become engaged to Hosmer Angel. On the morning of their wedding Hosmer elicits a

unforeseen" occurs, then mysteriously disappears on the way to the church. Holmes deduces that Hosmer was Mary's stepfather in disguise, the charade a bid to condemn his stepdaughter to spinsterhood and ensure his continued access to her inheritance. Holmes does not reveal the truth to Mary because "There is danger for him who taketh the tiger cub, and danger also for whoso snatches a delusion from a woman"; he had already advised her to put the matter behind her, though she responded that Hosmer "shall find me ready when he comes back."

"The Boscombe Valley Mystery" October 1891

Inspector Lestrade asks for Holmes's help after Charles McCarthy is murdered, and his son, James, is implicated. McCarthy, and another local landowner, John Turner, are both Australian expatriates, and Lestrade was originally engaged by Turner's daughter, Alice, who believes James is innocent. Holmes interviews James, and then inspects the scene of the murder, deducing a third man was present. Realising Holmes has solved the case, Turner confesses to the crime, revealing that McCarthy was blackmailing him due to Turner's criminal past. Holmes does not reveal the crime, but secures James's release because of the presence of a third person at the crime scene.

"The Five Orange Pips" November 1891

John Openshaw tells Holmes about two strange deaths in his family. In 1883, his uncle died two months after receiving a letter from India, inscribed "K.K.K." with five orange pips enclosed. In 1885, Openshaw's father received a similar letter, and died three days afterwards. Openshaw recently received a similar letter

diary page, which Holmes deduces is connected to the Ku Klux Klan, on the garden sundial. Openshaw is killed before he can do so, but Holmes discovers the killers have been travelling on a sailing ship, and sends the captain a letter with five orange pips. The ship is lost at sea.

"The Man with the Twisted Lip" December 1891

Neville St. Clair, a respectable businessman, has disappeared and his wife claims she saw him at the upper window of an opium den. When she entered the room, she only found a beggar. St. Clair's clothes are later found in the room, and his coat, laden with coins, in the River Thames outside the window. The beggar is arrested for murder, but a few days later St. Clair's wife receives a letter from her husband. Holmes considers, and washes the beggar to discover that is actually St. Clair, who confesses that he has been leading a double life as a beggar as the income is so large, but promises to stop begging if Holmes will keep his secret from his wife.

"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" January 1892

A "Blue Carbuncle" is stolen from a hotel suite, and a former felon is soon arrested. However, an acquaintance of Holmes discovers the carbuncle in the throat of a Christmas goose. Holmes traces the owner of the goose, but soon determines that he was not the thief by offering him a replacement goose. The detective continues his search, first to an inn and then a dealer in Covent Garden. The dealer refuses to provide Holmes with information about the source of the goose, but Holmes observes another man trying to find the same information, and

Holmes allows him to remain free, arguing that prison could make him a hardened criminal later.

"The Adventure of the Speckled Band" February 1892

Helen Stoner worries her stepfather may be trying to kill her after he contrives to move her to the bedroom where her sister had died two years earlier, shortly before her wedding. Stoner is herself now engaged, and Holmes learns that her stepfather's annuity (from the estate of his wife—Stoner's mother) would be greatly reduced if either sister married. During a late-night investigation of the bedroom, Holmes and Watson discover a dummy bell-pull near a ventilator. As they lie in wait a whistle sounds, then a snake appears through the ventilator. Holmes attacks the snake with his riding crop; it retreats to the next room, where it attacks and kills Stoner's stepfather.

"The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb" March 1892

An engineer, Victor Hatherley, attends Dr Watson's surgery after his thumb is chopped off, and recounts his tale to Watson and Holmes. Hatherley had been hired for 50 guineas to repair a machine he was told compressed Fuller's earth into bricks. Hatherley was told to keep the job confidential, and was transported to the job in a carriage with frosted glass, to keep the location secret. He was shown the press, but on closer inspection discovered a "crust of metallic deposit" on the press, and he suspected it was not being used for compressing earth. He confronted his employer, who attacked him, and during his escape his thumb is chopped off. Holmes deduces that the press is being used to produce counterfeit

coins, and works out its location. However when they arrive, the house is on fire, and the criminals have escaped.

"The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor" April 1892

Lord Robert St. Simon's new American bride, Hatty Doran, has disappeared almost immediately after the wedding. The servants had prevented an old love interest of his from forcing her way into the wedding breakfast, Hatty had been seen in whispered conversation with her maid, and Inspector Lestrade arrives with the news that Hatty's wedding dress and ring have been found floating in the Serpentine. Holmes quickly solves the mystery, locating Hatty at a hotel with a mysterious, "common-looking" man who had picked up her dropped bouquet after the ceremony. The man turns out to be Hatty's husband Frank, whom she had thought dead in America, and who had managed to locate her only moments before she was to marry Lord St. Simon. Frank and Hatty had just determined to go to Lord St. Simon in order to explain the situation when Holmes found them.

"The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet" May 1892

A banker asks Holmes to investigate after a "Beryl Coronet" entrusted to him is damaged at his home. Awakened by noise, he had found his son, Arthur, holding the damaged coronet. Arthur refuses to speak, neither admitting guilt nor explaining himself. Footprints in the snow outside the house tell Holmes that the banker's niece had conspired with a blackguard to steal the coronet; Arthur had discovered the crime in progress and the coronet had been damaged during his struggle to prevent it. He had refused to tell his father the truth of the crime

"The Adventure of the Copper Beeches" June 1892

Violet Hunter consults Holmes after being offered a governess job subject to a number of unusual conditions, including cutting her hair short. The wage is extremely high, £120, and she decides to accept the job, though Holmes tells her to contact him if she needs to. After a number of strange occurrences, including the discovery of a sealed-off wing of the house, she does so. Holmes discovers that someone had been kept prisoner in the wing, but when Holmes, Watson and Hunter enter, it is empty. They are accused of freeing the prisoner, who was the daughter of Hunter's employer, who sets his dog on them, though it attacks him instead. It is revealed that Hunter had been hired to impersonate her employer's daughter so that her fiancé would believe she was no longer interested in seeing him, but the daughter had escaped and the pair later married.

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3. ANALYSIS AND FINDING 3.1 Analysis

The data are taken from the story of novel The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes which was first published in 1892 in England.

After studying the data, it is found that Gerund in this novel has 9 different functions.

A. Gerung as a subject

(1) The greeting appeared to come from a slim, youth in an ulster who had hurried by. (p. 29)

The word greeting is the Gerund and becomes the subject of the sentence because it comes before the verb appeared.

(2) Having closed the door. (p. 66)

Having as the subject before the verb, closed. B. Gerund as a complement

a. Gerund as the object in general

(1) I carefully examined the writing. (p. 9) Writingis as the object after the verb examined. (2)He is dark, handsome and dashing. (p. 18)

The word dashing is Gerund and becomes the object of the

sentencebecause it comes after the predicate is. b. Gerund as an object after preposition

(2) By

(3) I could not confide it to an agent

binding you both to absolute secrecy for two years. (p. 12) without

(4) Looking at her

putting myself in his power. (p. 13)

with

c. Gerund as an object after following certain verb

a questioning and rather startled gaze. (p. 31)

The verbs which are used before Gerund are not help, mind and keep. (1) I could not helping

(2) You don’t

laughing at the ease with which he explained his process of deducation. (p.8)

mind

(3) [...] for otherwise I shall

breaking the law? (p. 22) keep

d. Gerund after certain phrase.

piling fact upon fact on you. (p. 36)

The phrases which are used before Gerund, are it is no use and would you mine.

(1) Then, again, I have heard it is no use

(2)

your applying if your hair is light red, or dark red or anything but real, bright, blazing, fiery red.(p. 42)

Would you mine

e. Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun

reading me the advertised description of Mr. Hosmer Angel? (p. 76)

The possesive adjectives or possesive nounswhich are used before Gerund, are my and holmes’s.

(2) The light flashed upon the barrel of a revolver, but Holmes’s

f. Gerund after verb + preposition

hunting crop came down on the man’s wrist, adn the pistol clinked upon the stone floor. (p. 59)

The verb + preposition which are used before Gerund, are think of and look at.

(1) It’s only four hours a day and I should not think of (p. 45)

leaving.

(2) Never would look at

g. Gerund used after adjective + preposition

a shilling of mine. (p. 73)

The adjective + preposition which are used before Gerund, are pleasure of and interested on.

(1) I hope that I may have the pleasure of

(2) I was then much surprised and

introducing you tonight. (p. 56)

interested on

h. Gerund after noun + preposition

glancing down to observe that. (p. 76)

The noun + preposition which are used before Gerund, are identity of and course of.

(1) Would lead up to the identity of

(2) He takes the obvious

the disappearing bridegroom of Miss Mary Sutherland. (p. 78)

A. Gerund as a subject

(1) Endeavouring to imitate my companion’s processes. (p. 10)

(2) Lounging figure of the man who had been no doubt depicted to him as the most incisive reasoner and most energetic agent in Europe. (p. 13) (3) A drunken-looking groom, I’ll-kemptand side whiskered with an

inflamed faceand disreputable clothes walked into the room. (p. 17) (4) Large sitting-room on the right side, well furnished with long windows

almost to the floor. (p. 18)

(5) Four or five minutes afterwards the sitting-room window will open. (p. 23)

(6) [...] one of the loafing men at the corner dashed forward to open the door in the hope of earning a copper. (p. 25)

(7) Struggling men who struck savagely at each other with their fists and sticks. (p. 25)

(8) Slipping through the shouting crowd I made my way to the corner of the street.(p. 27)

(9) The greeting appeared to come from a slim, youth in an ulster who had hurried by. (p. 29)

(10) With a quick little questioning glance from him small fat-encircled eyes. (p. 35)

(11) Snapping away with a camera when he ought to be improving his mind. (p. 40)

(12) Then diving down into the cellar like a rabbit into his holeto develop his pictures. (p. 40)

(13) Getting a vacancy did not seem to be such a very easy matter after all. (p. 43)

(14) The more daring criminals of london should take a considerable interest in this cellar at present. (p. 57)

(15) With a rending, tearing sound, one of the broad, white atones turned over upon its side, and left a square, gaping hole, through which streamed the light of a latern. (p. 59)

(16) The copying of the Encyclopedia, must be to get to this not over-bright pawnbroker out of the way for a number of hours every day. (p. 61) (17) The only remaining point was what they were burrowing for. (p. 63) (18) Looking over his shoulder I saw that on the pavement opposite there

stood a large woman with a heavy fur boa round her neck. (p. 66)

(19) A large curling red feather in a broad-brimmed hat which was titled inn coquettish Duchess-of-Devonshire fashion over her ear. (p. 66)

(20) Hesitating fashion at our windows. (p. 66) (21) Having closed the door. (p. 66)

(22) Very retiring and gentlemanly he was. (p. 71)

(23) The sewing-machine, of the hand type, leaves a similar mark, but only on the left arm. (p. 75)

(25) Having quite made up her mind that her stepfather was in France.(p. 82)

(26) Unlocking and throwing open the door. (p. 83) (27) Having taken the printed description. (p. 84) B. As a complement

a. Gerund as an object in general

(1) He was, I take it, the most perfect reasoning and observing machine that the world has seen. (p. 5)

(2) Finely adjusted temperament was to introduce a distracting factor.(p. 5)

(3) That you had a perticularly malignant boot-slitting speciment of the London slavey. (p. 8)

(4) As to your practice, if a gentleman walks into my rooms smelling of iodoform. (p. 8)

(5) I carefully examined the writing. (p. 9)

(6) Secured at the neck with a brooch which consisted of a single flaming beryl. (p. 11)

(7) From the lower part of the face of he appeared to be a man of strong character, with a thick, hanging up, and a long straigh chin. (p. 11) (8) Seriously compromise one of the reigning families of Europe. (p. 12) (9) Wrote her some compromising letters. (p. 14)

(11) There was something in his masterly grasp of a situation, and his keen, incisive reasoning. (p. 17)

(12) He is dark, handsome and dashing. (p. 18)

(13) I could catch glimpses of him, in the window of the sitting room. (p. 19)

(14) Bring him into the sitting-room. (p. 26)

(15) While I still observed the proceedings from my post by the window. (p. 26)

(16) It is a perfectly overpowering impulse. (p. 28)

(17) The photograph is in a recess behind a sliding panel just above the right bell-pull. (p. 29)

(18) We will be shown into the sitting-room to wait the lady. (p. 29) (19) He pushed past the servant and rushed into the drawing-room. (p. 31) (20) Holmes rushed at the bel-pull, tore back a small sliding shutter and

plunging in his hand. (p. 31)

(21) It’s not a very large affair and of late years it has not done more than just give me a living. (p. 40)

(22) What is the name of this obliging youth? (p. 40)

(23) He and a girl of fourteen, who does a bit of simple cooking. (p. 40) (24) Then, again, I have heard it is no use your applying if your hair is light

red, or dark red or anything but real, bright, blazing, fiery red. (p. 42) (25) Your experience has been a most entertaining one.(p. 43)

(26) Well, you have to be in the office, or at least in the building, the whole time. (p. 45)

(27) You must find your own ink, pens, and blotting-paper. (p. 45) (28) My practice is never very absorbing. (p. 50)

(29) While the footpaths were black with the hurryingswarm of pedestrians. (p. 51)

(30) All he wants is an old dog to help him to do the running down. (p. 55) (31) He has the makings of a detective in him. (p. 55)

(32) Mr. Merryweather stopped to light a lantern and then conducted us down a dark, earth-smelling passage and so. (p. 56)

(33) While Holmes fell upon his knees upon the floor and with the lantern and a magnifying lens, began to examine minutely the cracks between the stones. (p. 57)

(34) We have had several warnings that an attempt might be made upon it. (p. 57)

(35) These are daring men, and, though we shall take them at a

disadvantage they may do us some harm.(p. 58)

(36) That I could not ony hear the gentle breathing of my companion.(p. 59)

(37) But I could distinguish the deeper , heavier in breath of the bulky Jones from the thin sighing note of the bank director. (p. 59)

(39) I could think of nothing save that he was running a tunnel to some other building. (p. 62)

(40) Here is the first heading upon which I come. (p. 64)

(41) “That with your short sight it is a little trying to do so much typewriting?” (p. 66)

(42) It had left him with a weak throat, and a hesistating, whispering fasion of speech.(p. 71)

(43) It seemed strange talk for a wedding morning, but what has happened since gives a meaning to it.(p. 73)

(44) She had small, round, hanging gold ear-rings. (p. 75)

(45) Pon my word, Watson, you ate coming along wonderfully. (p. 75) (46) I ventured a remark upon short sight and typewriting,which seemed to

surprise her. (p. 76)

(47) “As to the letters,” he continued glancing over them. (p.77)

(48) The man who entered was a sturdy middle-sized fellow some thirty years of age, clean shaven, and sallow skinned, with a bland, insinuating manner, and a pair of wonderfully sharp and penetrating grey eyes.(p. 78)

(49) Now you remark in this note of yours, Mr. Windibank, that in every case there is some little slurring over the ‘e’. (p. 79)

(50) And now I will show you what is really a very interesting study, Mr. Windibank. (p. 79)

(51) It is not part of my duties to my client, but here’s a hunting-crop handy. (p. 83)

b. Gerund is used as object after preposition

(1) They were admirable things for the observer-exellent for

(2) Succesfully

drawing the veil from men’s motives and actions. (p. 5)

for (3)

the reigning family of Holland. (p. 6) By

(4) I could not confide it to an agent

binding you both to absolute secrecy for two years. (p. 12) without

(5) I am sure you could never guess how I employed my morning or what I ended

putting myself in his power. (p. 13)

by

(6) While a number of better dressed people who had watched the scuffle doing. (p. 18)

without

(7) Looking at her

taking part in. (p. 25) with

(8) Turning away

a questioning and rather startled gaze. (p. 31) without

(9) That I make a mistake

observing the hand which the king had stretched out to him. (p. 34)

in (10) I was often weeks on end

explaining. (p. 39) without

(11) I am sure, excuse me

putting my foot over the doorman. (p. 41)

for

(12) I was not to have the vacancy after all, but

taking an obvious precaution. (p. 43)

afterthinking over for a few minutes, he said that it would be all right. (p. 44)

(13) That they would pay such a sum fordoing anything so simple as

(14) What their object was

copying out the Encyclopedia Britannica. (p. 45)

in

(15) Our friend here is a wonderful man

playing this prank. (p. 48) for

(16) If they fire, Watson, have no compunction

starting a chase. (p. 55) about

(17) Then it lengthened out until it became a yellow line, and then,

shooting them down. (p. 58)

without

(18) He’s quicker

any warning or sound, [...] (p. 59) at

(19) [...], but beyond that I am amlpy repaid

climbing down holes than I am. (p. 61) by

(20)

having had an experience which is in many ways unique. (p. 61)

By

(21) It was obvious to me that he had some strong motive

hearing the very remarkable narrative of the Red-headed League. (p. 61)

for

(22) I suprised you

securing the situation. (p. 62)

by (23) I was engaged

beating upon the pavement with my stick. (p. 62) in

(24) [...]

clearing up some small points in connection with it. (p. 65)

by (25) It was

taking out his false teeth and hurling them at his wife. (p. 65) from

(26) They are important, you understand,

the reigning family of Holland. (p. 65) without

(27) But now I know where the letters are

being interesting. (p. 65) withoutlooking. (p. 67)

(29) But this time I was set on

(30) He said that if they were sent to the office he would be chaffed by all the other clerks

going, and I would go. (p. 69)

about

(31) As he said, what interest could anyone have

having letters from a lady. (p. 71) in

(32) A general air

bringing me to the doorsof the church. (p. 73)

of

(33) As you observe, this woman had plush upon her sleeves, which is a most useful material

being fairly well to do, in a vulgar, comfortable, easy-going way. (p. 75)

for (34) I noted,

showing traces. (p. 75) in

(35) [...]

passing, that she had written a note. (p. 76) before

(36) But

leaving home, (p. 76) after

(37) “Who was he, then, and what was his object being fully dressed.(p. 76)

in

(38) I have every reason to believe that I will succeed

deserting Miss Sutherland?”(p. 78)

in

(39) I have here four letters which purport to come

discovering Mr. Hosmer Angel. (p. 79)

from

(40) Keeps off other lovers

the missing man.(p. 80)

by (41) Prevent her

making love himself. (p. 82) from

(42) My suspicions were all confirmed by his peculiar action

looking upon any other suitor for some time to come.(p. 82)

c. Gerund as an object after certain verbs (1) I could not helping

(2) You don’t

laughing at the ease with which he explained his process of deducation. (p. 8)

mind

(3) [...] for otherwise I shall

breaking the law? (p. 22) keep

(4) Its splendour was in such contrast to his homely ways and simple life that I

piling fact upon fact on you. (p. 36)

could not help

d. Gerund after certain phrase.

commenting upon it.(p. 65)

(1) Then, again, I have heard it is no use

(2) Said there was

your applying if your hair is light red, or dark red or anything but real, bright, blazing, fiery red. (p. 42)

no use

(3)

denying anything to a woman, for she would have her way. (p. 70)

Would you mine

e. Gerund after Possesive Adjective or Possesive Noun

reading me the advertised description of Mr. Hosmer Angel? (p. 76)

(1) From time to time I heard some vague account of his (2) [...] of

doings. (p. 6) his

(3) Though at each successive instance of

clearing up of the singular tragedy of the Atkinson brothers at Trincomalee. (p. 6)

your

(4) Since you are good enough to chronicle one or two of

reasoning I am baffled. (p. 8)

(5) If the former, she had probably transferred the photograph to his

(6) The cab and the landau with keeping. (p. 19)

their

(7) It will end in

steaming horse were in front of the door when I arrived.(p. 20)

my (8) [...] as our client is to

being conveyed into the house.(p. 23) its

(9) They like to do

coming to the eyes of his princess. (p. 24) their own

(10) And into

secreting. (p. 25) her

(11) [...] got into

sitting-room which was the very room which I suspected. (p. 28)

my (12) If you will excuse

walking clothes.(p. 32) my

(13) There was nothing remarkable about the man save saying so, [...] (p. 35)

his

(14) He shook his head with a smile as he noticed

blazing red head. (p. 38)

my

(15) As my business came to me instead of

questioning glances.(p. 38)

my (16) Pray continue

having to go to it. (p. 41) your

(17) I had pretty nearly filled a shelf with

very interesting statement. (p. 43) my

(18) Flushing up to the roots of

writings. (p. 46) his

(19) There is Mortimer’s, the tobacconist, the little newspaper shop, the Coburg branch of the City and Suburban Bank, the Vegetarian Restaurant, and

flaming head. (p. 47)

(20) While his

(21) That

gently smiling face and his languid, dreamy eyes were as unlike those of Holmes the sleuth-hound. (p. 52)

his

(22)

brilliant reasoning power would rise to the level intuition. (p. 52)

My

(23) For a minute or more the hand, with hearing was so acute. (p. 59)

its

(24) The light flashed upon the barrel of a revolver, but

writhing fingers, protruded out of the floor. (p. 59)

Holmes’s

(25) “My dear fellow” said Sherlock Holmes, as we sat on either side of the fire in

hunting crop came down on the man’s wrist, adn the pistol clinked upon the stone floor. (p. 59)

his

(26) He was very annoyed at

lodgings at Baker Street, (p. 64) your

(27) As I always was, by

having gone to the ball. (p. 70) my friend’s

(28) That a typewriter has really quite as much individulity as a incisive reasoning. (p. 76)

man’s

(29) If you care to use

handwriting. (p. 79) my

(30) I cannot now enterely see all the steps of magnifying lens. (p. 80)

your (31) Which of course inferred that

reasoning. (p. 83) his hand-writing. (p. 84)

curiosity, were such as Mr. John Hare alone could have equalled. (p. 24)

(2) [...] waiting for

(3) It’s only four hours a day and I should not

the coming of its occupant, (p. 24) think of (4) By degrees Mr. Duncan Ross

leaving. (p. 45) took to

(5) Never would

coming in only once of a morning. (p. 46)

look at (6) I

a shilling of mine. (p. 73) think of

g. Gerund after Adjective + Preposition

writing another little monograph some of these days on the typewriter and its relation to crime. (p. 79)

(1) With instructions to apply the interest to

(2) I hope that I may have the

the providing of easy berths to men whose hair is of that colour. (p.42)

pleasure of

(3) I was then much surprised and

introducing you tonight.(p. 56)

interested on

(4) There is no

glancing down to observe that. (p. 76)

possible

(5) Hence also the allusions to a

getting out of it, Mr. Windibank. (p. 80) possibility of

(6) She knows that the king is

something happening on the very morning of the wedding.(p. 82)

capable of

h. Gerund after Noun + Preposition

having her waylaid and searched. (p. 24)

(1) I have come incognito from Prague for the purpose of

(2) For many years he had adopted

consulting you.(p. 13)

a system of

(3) [...] one of the loafing men at the corner dashed forward to open the door in the

docketing all paragraph concerning men and things.(p. 13)

hope of (4) I caught a

earning a copper.(p. 25) glimpse of

(5) It was dated at

rushing figures. (p. 27) midnight of

(6) A proposition which I took die

the preceding night.(p. 31) liberty of

(7) That he has done a considerable

doubting.(p. 36) amount of

(8) That

writing lately. (p. 38) trick of

(9) [...] and gave a

staining the fishes’s scales of a delicate, pink is quite peculier to China.(p. 38)

bob of

(10) That they would pay such

greeting. (p. 35) a sum for

(11) The swing of his nature took him from extreme

doing anything so simple as copying out the Encyclopedia Britannica. (p. 45)

languor to

(12) This was also opened and led down a devouring energy. (p. 52)

flight of

(13) The other dived down the hole, and I heard

winding stone steps. (p. 56)

the sound of

(14) It was a

rending cloth as Jones clutched at his skirts. (p. 59)

(15) I thought of the assiistant’s fondness for photography, and his trick of

(16) They spoke of those

vanishing into the cellar. (p. 62) hours of

(17) The conduct complained of was that he had drifted into burrowing. (p. 62)

the habit of

(18) Then, when they

winding up every meal [...].(p. 65) talked of

(19) I had had so many reasons to believe in my friend’s subtle

marrying within the week, I began to ask about father. (p. 72)

power of

(20) Would lead up to the reasoning. (p. 77)

identity of

(21) He takes the obvious

the disappearing bridegroom of Miss Mary Sutherland. (p. 78)

course of

(22) He conveniently vanished away by the old

keeping her at home. (p. 82) trick of

To get the percentage to get the most dominant Gerund, the writer applies a formula by Junaidi and Suwono (2004:40):

stepping in at one door of a four-wheeler and out at the other. (p. 83)

X

= �

� x 100%

X = the percentage of Gerund y = total of each Gerund n = total Gerund

No. Gerund Number Persentage

1 As a subject 27 14,06%

2

C

om

pl

ime

nt

As an object in general 51 26,5%

3 After preposition 42 21,88%

4 After certain verb 4 2,08%

5 After certain phrase 3 1,56%

6 After possesive adjective or

possesive noun 31 16,14%

7 After verb + preposition 6 3,13%

8 After adjective + preposition 6 3,13%

9 After noun + preposition 22 11,5 %

The most dominant Gerund used in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes is Gerund as object, because there are fifty one sentences using Gerund as object which is equal to 26,5%.

Based on the study of the data, the Gerund which are found in The Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes, it can be concluded that:

1) There 9 functions of Gerund found in the novel, such as Gerund as subject, Gerund as object, Gerund after preposition, Gerund after certain verb, Gerund after certain phrase, Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun, Gerund after verb + preposition, Gerund after adjective + preposition and Gerund after noun + preposition.

2) All together, there are 192 Gerundsfound in the novel. 27 Gerundsas subject (14,06), 51 Gerunds as object (26,5), 42 Gerunds after preposition (21,88), 4 Gerunds after certain verb (2,08), 3 Gerunds after certain phrase (1,56), 31 Gerunds after possesive adjective or possesive noun (16,14), 6 Gerunds after verb + preposition (3,13), 6 Gerunds after adjective + preposition (3,13), and 22 Gerunds after noun + preposition (11,5).The most dominant Gerund found in novel is Gerund as the object. There are fifty one sentences which use Gerund as object which is equal to 26,5 %. 4.2 Suggestion

In relation to the conclusion above, the suggestion for the students who study Gerund are:

1) Study hard to identify a Gerund in a sentence because Gerund is important in writing.

2) Understand each functions of Gerund.

4) The students can analyse other aspects of the novel or some articles in the magazine or newspaper, such as noun clause, conjunction, tenses, punctuation, clause, conditional sentences, and preposition.

5) I hope this paper can be useful to enrich knowledge about the usage and function of Gerund in English sentence and also can apply it in writing.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Definitions of Gerund

As popular, people often state that linguistics is the study of language; or science that makes the language as an object of study; or more accurately, scientific study of the human language.

Finocchioro (1974: 3) that linguistics is a system change (changing), which allows sound to human arbitrarily use in providing a culture, or others who have studied the system of the culture, to communicate and interact.

Pei and Gaynor (1954: 119) divided that linguistics is with sound communication system, i, e, as a tool in speech (talking) and heard. Among humans use symbols community certainly sounds that have meaning changes according to the culture (customs) respectively.

The conclusion that linguistics is the study of language structure, language rules, a symbol of the sounds of language and everything related to the language generally used by the public as a means of exchanging information between the tribes of the tribe another or one country to another country.

In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. Grammar is very important to learn to be able to mastering English. Because of that everybody must learn grammar from elementary school through college.

Swan (2005:19) says that grammar is the rules that show how words are combined, arranged or changed to show certain kinds of meaning.

One of many parts of grammar is Gerund. Gerund is a verb-ing form of the verb that functioned as a noun (make into a verb) by adding –ing behind the verb. Junaida said Gerund form as same as present participle form and both are parts of the verb. The difference, Gerund is a noun, but the present participle is an adjective.

There are some definition of the Gerund, include:

a. Gerund is a noun that comes from a verb (make into a verb) (verb-ing). b. Gerund has the same form with present participle, but Gerund has other

meaning, that is (verb-ing) so it doesn’t mean ‘being’.

c. Gerund is a verb-ing form from a verb which functions as a noun. (make verb to be noun).

2.2The Functions of Gerund

The use of Gerund in a sentence has a variety of functions. The use of the Gerund can be distinguished as follows:

a. Gerund as a subject

Sentence patterns can be described generally as follows:

Subject Verb (be) + Object

Verb+ing ...

- Verb+ing

- In front of the predicate - Be the subject of the sentence

- Has the meaning of an noun that as subject of the sentence

These are some examples of Gerund used as subjects :

- Reading is my hobby. - Playing tennis is fun.

- Swimming is a healthy sport.

- Climbing to the top of a mountain isn’t easy. - Finding their house wasn’t difficult.

- Swearing does not prove anything. b. Gerund as a complement

Gerund is also used as the complement in sentence. The sentence patterns are as the follow:

Subject + Verb Complement Adverb

... Verb+ing ...

Gerund used as an object in sentence has some characteristics, such as:

- At the behind of verb of in front of the adverb. - Has a function as complement.

The following are some examples of Gerund used as the complement in sentence:

- Her chief delight is swimming in the river. - My favorite pas time is singing.

- One of his worst habits is telling lies. - What he likes is listening the radio news. - What she likes is watching the children play.

Gerund can also be used as Appositive in a sentence. The following are some examples of Gerund used as the apposotive:

- She has a bad habit, gambling.

- His method, shooting and killing, eventually came to an end.

- Her favorite exercise, swimming in the pool, makes her body strong.

The Gerund used as object has some the forms and the functions. Gerund is used as object:

a. Gerund as an object in general

In general the sentence pattern can be described as follow:

Subject + Verb Object

... Verb+ing

Gerund used as the object in sentence has characteristics, such as:

- Has the meaning of noun as object in sentence.

The following are some examples of Gerund used as object:

- I don’t like reading. - We enjoy playing tennis. - He likes swimming. - They finish speaking. - My mother likes shopping.

b. Gerund is used as an object after preposition

The sentence pattern in general can be described as follow:

Subject + Verb (be) Object

... preposition Verb+ing The preposition :

- At - After - By - For - Of - Out - With

- About - Before - In - From - On - To - Without

- He is good at lecturing. - I shut the door before going.

- He goes out without saying anything. - Maty cooked it after washing the rice. - After swimming i felt cold.

- Alice isn’t interested in looking for a new job. c. Gerund as the object after following certain verb

In general the sentence pattern can be described as follow:

Subject Verb Object

... ... Verb+ing

Gerund can be used as the object of following verbs. The followings are the examples:

Verb Examples

(1) Admit (2) Advise (3) Anticipate (4) Appreciate (5) Avoid (6) Can’t bear (7) Begin (8) Complete (9) Consider

He admitted stealing the money. She advised waiting until tommorow. I anticipate having a good time on vacation. I appreciated hearing from them.

He avoided answering my question. I can’t bear waiting in long lines. It began raining.

I finally completed writing my term paper. I will consider going with you.

(10)Continue (11)Delay (12)Deny (13)Discuss (14)Dislike (15)Enjoy (16)Finish (17)Forget (18)Hate (19)Can’t help (20)Keep (21)Like (22)Love (23)Mention (24)Mind (25)Miss (26)Postpone (27)Practice (28)Prefer (29)Quit (30)Recall (31)Recollect

He continued speaking.

He delayed leaving for school. She denied commiting the crime.

They discussed opening a new business. I dislike driving long distances.

We enjoyed visiting them. She finished studying about ten.

I’ll never forget visiting Napoleon’s tomb. I hate making silly mistakes.

I can’t help worrying about it. I keep hooping he will come. I like going to movies. I love goingto operas.

She mentioned going to a movie. Would you mind helping me with this? I miss being with my family.

Let’s postpone leaving until tommorow. The athlete practiced throwing the ball. Ann prefers walking to driving to work. He quit trying to solve the problem. I don’t recall meeting him before. I don’t recollect meeting him before.

(33)Regret (34)Remember (35)Resent (36)Resist (37)Risk (38)Can’t stand (39)Start (40)Stop (41)Suggest (42)Tolerate (43)Try

(44)Understand

I regret telling him my secret.

I can remember meeting him when I was a child. I resent her interfering in my business.

I couldn’t resist eating the dessert. She risks losing all of her money. I can’t stand waiting in long lines. It started raining.

She stopped going to classes when she got sick. She suggested going to a movie.

She won’t tolerate cheating during an examination. I tried changing the light bulb, but the lamp still didn’t work.

I don’t understand his leaving school.

d. Gerund after certain phrase.

Phrase Verb+ing

It is no use. It is no good.

It’s worth. Would you mind

... ...? Followings are some examples of Gerund after certain phrase:

- I think it is no use trying again

- Would you mind waiting a moment?

e. Gerund after Possesive Adjective or Possesive Noun

The use of Gerund after Possesive Adjective or Possesive Noun can be described as the following examples:

- I don’t mind your living here.

- Do you mind my making suggestions? - I am annoyed about jhon’s forgetting to pay. - You can understand his feeling angry.

- The idea of Hasan’s getting job as a salesman doesn’t appeal to his wife. f. Gerund after Verb + Preposition

The use of Gerund after Verb + Preposition on certain verbs, such as: Accused of

Approved of Be better of Count on Depend on Confess on Give up Go on

Insist of Keep on Put off Rely on Succeed in Think of Dream about Worry about Some examples of Gerund used Verb + Preposition sentence:

- Umar gave up smoking because of his doctor advise. - Ali confessed to stealingthe golds.

- She insisted on paying the entire bill for dinner. g. Gerund after Adjective + Preposition

The use of Gerund after Adjective + Preposition on certain verbs, such as: Accustomed to

Afraid of Fond of Capable of Intent on

Interested in Successful in Sorry for Tired of

Some examples of Gerund after Verb + Preposition:

- I am tired of doing the work again. - Mary is fond of dancing.

- We are interested in reading this book. - Ali is intent on finishing school next year. - I am sorry for waking you up.

h. Gerund after Noun + Preposition

The use after Noun + Preposition on certain verbs Some examples of Gerund used Noun + Preposition :

- There’s a reason for leaving so early.

- There is a possibility of acquiring this property at a good price. - John has no excuse for dropping out of school.

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of The Study

Language is very important for human life. Without language, we will not be able to communicate with others, express everything we want to say, or get information.

Kentjono (1982) “Language is a symbol system sound that arbitrarily used by member of the social group to work together, to communicate, and to identify self.

A lot of language that can be found in this world. For example is English. English is the international language used in all of country in the world. We obliged to learn English.

Learning English is not easy for Indonesian. Because so many differences between Indonesia language and English. Such as the structure, meaning and grammar.

There is a system of rules (known as the grammar) that regulates communication between members of a given speech community. Grammar is affected by the sound, and meaning, and include morphology (the formation and composition of words), and phonology (sound system). Through the corpus linguistics, large chunks of the text can be analyzed for possible occurrence of certain linguistic form, and patterns of discourse style in writting or orally.

Francis (1985: 13) defines that linguistics is as a system of change of articulation (pronunciation) sound used by a group of people as a treasure in the affairs of their community.

In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics.

Magendanz (2003:16) say “The grammar of a language is the set of rules that govern its structure. Grammar determines how words are arranged to form meaningful units.”

Leech (1982:3) says that reference to the mechanism according to which language works when it is used to communicate with other people. Grammar is a mechanism for putting words together, but we have said little about sound of meaning.

There so many parts of grammar that must be learn. One of them is Gerund.

In traditional grammars of English, the term Gerund is used to label an important use of the form of the verb ending in –ing. Other important uses are termed participle (used adjectivally or adverbially), and as a pure verbal noun.

An –ing form is termed Gerund when it behaves as a verb within a clause (so that may be modified by an adverb or have an object) but the resulting clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the Gerund itself) function as a noun within the larger sentence.

A Gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun. A Gerund is used in the same way as a noun, as a subject or as an object.

For examples: a) Playing tennis is

S V

fun.

Playing is a Gerund. It is used as the subject of the sentence. Playing tennis is a Gerund phrase.

b) We enjoyplaying V O

tennis.

Playing is a Gerund used as the object of the verb enjoy. c) He is excited aboutplaying

Prep O

tennis.

Playing is a Gerund used as the object of the preposition about.

Gerund can be found in written. Such as in poem, news paper, letter, comic, novel and etc. So the autor will discuss about Gerund found in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes novel written by Sir Arthur conan Doyle. The writer chooses this novel to discuss because Sherlock Holmes novel is one of

1.2The Problem ofStudy The problem of study are:

a) What are the functions of Gerund found in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle?

b) What is the most dominant Gerund found in the novel? 1.3The Objective ofStudy

The purpose of the study are:

a) To find out the functions of Gerund used in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

b) To find out the most dominant Gerund used in the novel. 1.4The Scope ofStudy

The scope of study is focused on the functions of Gerund found in the novel.

1.5The Significance ofStudy The significance of study are:

a) To give information about Gerund functions.

b) To give knowledge the way how to analyse theGerund in The

Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. 1.6The Method of Study

The writer uses library research method in collecting the data. The writer also gets some information from internet and other related sources. The source of the data is The Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur

the writer analyses the Gerund used in The Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes Novel Written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

The steps of analyzing data are preceeded as the followings: (1) Reading The Adventuresof Sherlock Holmes Novel.

(2) Identifying sentences and clauses expressing Gerund. (3) Classifying them to their own functions.

(4) Analyzing the data based on their functions.

(5) Calculating the data to get the most dominant Gerund.

To get the percentage, the writer applies a formula by Junaidi and Suwono (2004:40):

X

= �

� x 100%

X = the percentage of Gerund y = total of each Gerund n = total Gerund

ABSTRACT

The paper deals with Gerund used in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel “The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes”. The objective was to find out the functions and the most dominant of Gerund used in the novel. In order to get the needed result, the data were taken from the story of novel. The data, then were studied based on the two aspects. From the study, it was found that Gerund could function as subject, object, after preposition, after certain verb, after certain phrase, after possesive adjective or possesive noun, after verb + preposition, after adjective + preposition and after noun + preposition. The most dominant Gerund was Gerund as object (51 sentences) which was equal to 26,5 %, followed by Gerund after preposition (42 sentences) which was equal to 21,88%, followed by Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun (31 sentences) which was equal to 16,14 %, followed by Gerund as subject (27 sentences) which was equal to 14,06 %, followed by Gerund after noun + preposition (22 sentences) which was equal to 11,5 %, followed by Gerund after adjective + preposition (6 sentences) which was equal to 3,13 %, followed by Gerund after verb + preposition (6 sentences) which was equal to 3,13 %, followed by Gerund after certain verb (4 tim sentences es) which was equal to 2,08 %, and Gerund after certain phrase (3 sentences) which was equal to 1,56 %.

ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini membahas Gerund yang dipergunakan dalam novel karangan Sir Arthur Conan Doyle yang berjudul The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk dan fungsi Gerund yang dipergunakan dalam novel tersebut. Data diambil dari cerita dalam novel dan kemudian data tersebut dikaji berdasarkan kedua aspek tersebut. Dari kajian data, ditemukan bahwa Gerund memiliki beberapa fungsi didalam kalimat yaitu Gerund as subject, Gerund as object, Gerund after preposition, Gerund after certain verb, Gerund after certain phrase, and Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun, Gerund after verb + preposition, Gerund after adjective + preposition dan Gerund after noun + preposition. Gerund yang paling dominan adalah Gerund sebagai objek (51 kali) dengan 26,5 %, lalu Gerund setelah preposition (42 kali) dengan 21,88%, lalu Gerund setelah possesive adjective or possesive noun (31 kali) dengan 16,14 %, lalu Gerund sebagai subject (27 kali) dengan 14,06 %, lalu Gerund setelah noun + preposition (22 kali) dengan 11,5 %, lalu Gerund setelah adjective + preposition (6 kali) dengan 3,13 %, lalu gerund setelah verb + preposition (6 kali) dengan 3,13 %, lalu Gerund setelah certain verb (4 kali) dengan 2,08 %, and Gerund setelah certain phrase (3 times) dengan 1,56 %.

A STUDY OF GERUND USED IN SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE’S NOVEL “THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES”

A PAPER

BY

DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR REG. NO. 132202006

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN

It has been approved by Supervisor,

NIP. 19570803198404 1 004

Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL

Submitted of Faculty Of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma-III in English Study Program

Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

NIP. 19521126198112 1 001 Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

Approved by the Diploma-III of English Study Program Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera

Accepted by the Board of Examiner in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma-IIIExamination of the Diploma-III ofEnglish Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera.

The Examination is held on May 2016

Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera Dean,

NIP. 19600805198703 1 001 Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S.

Board of Examiners Signature

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP)

2. Drs. Chairul Husni, M. Ed. TESOL (Supervisor)

AUTHOR DECLARATION

I am, DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR, declare that I am the sole of author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the next of this paper, this paper contain no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part form a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not beenn submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR

Title of Paper :A STUDY OF GERUND USED IN SIR ARTHUR

CONAN DOYLE’S NOVEL “THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES”

Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the disrection of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of North Sumatera the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date : Thursday, May 12th, 2016

ABSTRACT

The paper deals with Gerund used in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel “The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes”. The objective was to find out the functions and the most dominant of Gerund used in the novel. In order to get the needed result, the data were taken from the story of novel. The data, then were studied based on the two aspects. From the study, it was found that Gerund could function as subject, object, after preposition, after certain verb, after certain phrase, after possesive adjective or possesive noun, after verb + preposition, after adjective + preposition and after noun + preposition. The most dominant Gerund was Gerund as object (51 sentences) which was equal to 26,5 %, followed by Gerund after preposition (42 sentences) which was equal to 21,88%, followed by Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun (31 sentences) which was equal to 16,14 %, followed by Gerund as subject (27 sentences) which was equal to 14,06 %, followed by Gerund after noun + preposition (22 sentences) which was equal to 11,5 %, followed by Gerund after adjective + preposition (6 sentences) which was equal to 3,13 %, followed by Gerund after verb + preposition (6 sentences) which was equal to 3,13 %, followed by Gerund after certain verb (4 tim sentences es) which was equal to 2,08 %, and Gerund after certain phrase (3 sentences) which was equal to 1,56 %.

ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini membahas Gerund yang dipergunakan dalam novel karangan Sir Arthur Conan Doyle yang berjudul The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk dan fungsi Gerund yang dipergunakan dalam novel tersebut. Data diambil dari cerita dalam novel dan kemudian data tersebut dikaji berdasarkan kedua aspek tersebut. Dari kajian data, ditemukan bahwa Gerund memiliki beberapa fungsi didalam kalimat yaitu Gerund as subject, Gerund as object, Gerund after preposition, Gerund after certain verb, Gerund after certain phrase, and Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun, Gerund after verb + preposition, Gerund after adjective + preposition dan Gerund after noun + preposition. Gerund yang paling dominan adalah Gerund sebagai objek (51 kali) dengan 26,5 %, lalu Gerund setelah preposition (42 kali) dengan 21,88%, lalu Gerund setelah possesive adjective or possesive noun (31 kali) dengan 16,14 %, lalu Gerund sebagai subject (27 kali) dengan 14,06 %, lalu Gerund setelah noun + preposition (22 kali) dengan 11,5 %, lalu Gerund setelah adjective + preposition (6 kali) dengan 3,13 %, lalu gerund setelah verb + preposition (6 kali) dengan 3,13 %, lalu Gerund setelah certain verb (4 kali) dengan 2,08 %, and Gerund setelah certain phrase (3 times) dengan 1,56 %.

ACKNOWLEDMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank Allah who gives me blessing, health, and strenght so I can finish writing this paper.

In this time, I wish to deliver my deepest gratefulness and appreciation to:

• My beloved parents, Sabar M Siregar and Ayu Iriani for their

praying, love, support, affection, time and give me the best education.

• My elder sister, Dhesy Rahayu Siregar, for her affection, advice and support, my brother and younger sisters, Heri Mahfudz Siregar, Dini Sabriani Siregar, Danti Rizkika Siregar and Alyah Zahra Siregar, for their affection.

• Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring M.A. the Head of Diploma English

Study Program, for his time, advice and patience.

• My supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed., TESOL, for his

patience, great time, advice and guidance. Without him this paper would never be completed.

• Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, MS, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural

Studies, University of North Sumatera.

• My ‘Ayang’, Miranda Sri Mulyani Tarigan, Nanda

Farahdibha, Mardha Fauziah, Dwi Syafhitri, Astri Diyan Pratiwi, Zakiah Saragih and Fitriani, for always beside me, help

me and make me always laughing. And my best friend, Fitri Udani Siagian, for long acquaintance since junior high school. • My friends in SOLIDAS.

I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, all criticism and suggestions are trully expected to build it.

Finally, I wish this paper can be useful to all readers especially those who are interested in making it as a reference of any literatery work.

Medan, 12th May 2016 The Writer,

Reg. No. 132202006 DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ABSTRACT ... iii

ABSTRAK ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Backgroud of Study ... 1

1.2 The Problem of Study ... 4

1.3 The Objective of Study ... 4

1.4 The Scope of Study ... 4

1.5 The Significance of Study ... 4

1.6 The Method of Study ... 4

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Definitions of Gerund ... 6

2.2 The Functions of Gerund ... 7

III.ANALYSIS AND FINDING 3.1 Anaysis ... 16

3.2 Finding ... 19

IV.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ... 35

4.2 Suggestion ... 35

REFERENCES ... 37 APPENDIX

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR

Title of Paper :A STUDY OF GERUND USED IN SIR ARTHUR

CONAN DOYLE’S NOVEL “THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES”

Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the disrection of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of North Sumatera the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date : Thursday, May 12th, 2016

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ABSTRACT

The paper deals with Gerund used in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Novel “The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes”. The objective was to find out the functions and the most dominant of Gerund used in the novel. In order to get the needed result, the data were taken from the story of novel. The data, then were studied based on the two aspects. From the study, it was found that Gerund could function as subject, object, after preposition, after certain verb, after certain phrase, after possesive adjective or possesive noun, after verb + preposition, after adjective + preposition and after noun + preposition. The most dominant Gerund was Gerund as object (51 sentences) which was equal to 26,5 %, followed by Gerund after preposition (42 sentences) which was equal to 21,88%, followed by Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun (31 sentences) which was equal to 16,14 %, followed by Gerund as subject (27 sentences) which was equal to 14,06 %, followed by Gerund after noun + preposition (22 sentences) which was equal to 11,5 %, followed by Gerund after adjective + preposition (6 sentences) which was equal to 3,13 %, followed by Gerund after verb + preposition (6 sentences) which was equal to 3,13 %, followed by Gerund after certain verb (4 tim sentences es) which was equal to 2,08 %, and Gerund after certain phrase (3 sentences) which was equal to 1,56 %.

ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini membahas Gerund yang dipergunakan dalam novel karangan Sir Arthur Conan Doyle yang berjudul The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk dan fungsi Gerund yang dipergunakan dalam novel tersebut. Data diambil dari cerita dalam novel dan kemudian data tersebut dikaji berdasarkan kedua aspek tersebut. Dari kajian data, ditemukan bahwa Gerund memiliki beberapa fungsi didalam kalimat yaitu Gerund as subject, Gerund as object, Gerund after preposition, Gerund after certain verb, Gerund after certain phrase, and Gerund after possesive adjective or possesive noun, Gerund after verb + preposition, Gerund after adjective + preposition dan Gerund after noun + preposition. Gerund yang paling dominan adalah Gerund sebagai objek (51 kali) dengan 26,5 %, lalu Gerund setelah preposition (42 kali) dengan 21,88%, lalu Gerund setelah possesive adjective or possesive noun (31 kali) dengan 16,14 %, lalu Gerund sebagai subject (27 kali) dengan 14,06 %, lalu Gerund setelah noun + preposition (22 kali) dengan 11,5 %, lalu Gerund setelah adjective + preposition (6 kali) dengan 3,13 %, lalu gerund setelah verb + preposition (6 kali) dengan 3,13 %, lalu Gerund setelah certain verb (4 kali) dengan 2,08 %, and Gerund setelah certain phrase (3 times) dengan 1,56 %.

v

ACKNOWLEDMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank Allah who gives me blessing, health, and strenght so I can finish writing this paper.

In this time, I wish to deliver my deepest gratefulness and appreciation to:

• My beloved parents, Sabar M Siregar and Ayu Iriani for their

praying, love, support, affection, time and give me the best education.

• My elder sister, Dhesy Rahayu Siregar, for her affection, advice

and support, my brother and younger sisters, Heri Mahfudz

Siregar, Dini Sabriani Siregar, Danti Rizkika Siregar and Alyah Zahra Siregar, for their affection.

• Dr. Matius C.A Sembiring M.A. the Head of Diploma English Study Program, for his time, advice and patience.

• My supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed., TESOL, for his

patience, great time, advice and guidance. Without him this paper would never be completed.

• Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, MS, the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera.

• My ‘Ayang’, Miranda Sri Mulyani Tarigan, Nanda

Farahdibha, Mardha Fauziah, Dwi Syafhitri, Astri Diyan Pratiwi, Zakiah Saragih and Fitriani, for always beside me, help

me and make me always laughing. And my best friend, Fitri Udani Siagian, for long acquaintance since junior high school.

• My friends in SOLIDAS.

I do realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, all criticism and suggestions are trully expected to build it.

Finally, I wish this paper can be useful to all readers especially those who are interested in making it as a reference of any literatery work.

Medan, 12th May 2016

The Writer,

Reg. No. 132202006 DEVI MARINDA SIREGAR

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ABSTRACT ... iii

ABSTRAK ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

I. INTRODUCTION 1.1The Backgroud of Study ... 1

1.2The Problem of Study ... 4

1.3The Objective of Study ... 4

1.4The Scope of Study ... 4

1.5The Significance of Study ... 4

1.6The Method of Study ... 4

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 The Definitions of Gerund ... 6

2.2 The Functions of Gerund ... 7

III. ANALYSIS AND FINDING 3.1Anaysis ... 16

3.2Finding ... 19

IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1Conclusion ... 35

4.2Suggestion ... 35

REFERENCES ... 37 APPENDIX