A Brief Description Of Past Tense Found In The Articles Of Hello Magazine

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A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PAST TENSE FOUND IN THE

ARTICLES OF HELLO MAGAZINE

A PAPER

MEDIANA HUTAHAEAN REG. NO: 062202068

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA FACULTY OF LETTERS

DIPLOMA III ENGLISH DEPARTMENT MEDAN

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Approved by Supervisor,

Dra. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum NIP : 131284311

Submitted to Faculty of Letters University of North Sumatera

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for DIPLOMA (D-III) IN ENGLISH.

Approved by

Head English Study Program,

Dra. Syahyar Hanum, D.P.F.E NIP.130702287

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Letters, North Sumatera University

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Accepted by the board of examiners in partial to fulfillment requirements for D-III Examination of the Diploma III English Study Program, of the Faculty of Letters, North

Sumatera University

The examination is held on the ………

Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatera. Dean,

Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A.Ph.d NIP.132098531

Board of Examiner and Reader:

Examiner : Dra. Masdiana Lubis M.Hum Reader : Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis M.A

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, MEDIANA HUTAHAEAN, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except were reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :………. Date :……….

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : MEDIANA HUTAHAEAN

Title of paper : A Brief Description of Past Tense Found in the Articles of Hello

Magazine

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at discreation of the librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Letters USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :……… Date :……….

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ABSTRACT

Kertas karya yang berjudul “A Brief Description of Past Tense Found in the Articles of

Hello Magazine” ini membahas tentang past time dalam majalah Hello. Selain itu, kertas

karya ini juga memberi penjelasan serta contoh-contoh agar pembaca dapat mengetahui jenis-jenis tenses yang menunjukkan past time dan kegunaan nya. Tujuan penulisan kertas karya ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bentuk-bentuk kalimat yang mengandung past time seperti Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, dan Past Perfect Continuous Tense yang ditemukan pada artikel tersebut.

Melalui kertas karya ini dapat diketahui bahwa ada beberapa alasan menggunakan kalimat Past Tense khususnya dalam bahasa inggris: (1) Past Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi dimasa lampau; (2) Past Tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di waktu lampau; (3) Menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah di mulai dan berlangsung pada waktu lampau. Dalam penyusunan karya tulis ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan membaca beberapa buku tata bahasa inggris sebagai bahan referensi dan mengambil dua artikel dari majalah Hello yang diperoleh 45 Kalimat Past tenses sebagai data yang digunakan penulis. Di dalam artikel “KYLIE MINOGUES’S BODY LANGUAGE” penulis memperoleh 23 kalimat Past tenses, yakni 14 Simple Past Tense, 4 Past Continuous Tense, 4 Past Perfect Tense, dan 1 Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Sedangkan dalam artikel “MARK WAHLBERG ‘S SHOOTER” Penulis memperoleh 22 Past Tenses, yakni 15 Simple Past Tense, 3 Past Continuous Tense, dan 4 Past Perfect Tense.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty God, for blessing and mercy that give health, patience, strength to do all my activities in my life, and give me a precious knowledge, as one of requirements to get Diploma III from English Study Program in University of North Sumatera.

Secondly, I would be glad to express my appreciation to those people who have given me advice, support, and spirit in accomplishing my paper.

1. Drs.Syaifuddin, M.A.Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty of letters University of North Sumatera.

2. Dra. Syahyar Hanum D.P.F.E, the Head of English Diploma Study Program, for her advices.

3. Dra. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum as my suvervisor who has given advice, suggestion, guidance and help since I began to write my paper.

4. Dra.Roma Ayuni Lubis, M.A as my reader who has devoted her time to give me suggestion in completing my paper.

5. All lectures, especially at Diploma III English Program, who have taught me the most important knowledge during the years of my study in this faculty.

6. My beloved parents, my dad S. Hutahaean and my mom M.Hutapea who always support me in pray and advice, give me great love, happiness and their patience in my life. I will do my best to make you happy.

7. My lovely sisters, Dermawan and her husband, Jetti and Marta who always give me advice, spirit in finishing this paper.

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8. My beloved brothers, Jerry and his wife, Suparman, who always support me, give advice and suggestion in my study.

9. My special thanks to my beloved sister and brother, Jetti and Suparman thanks for your supporting, encouragement, material, love, and everything that you give for coloring my days. I never forget you from my mind..

10.My heartiest and my friends, Ganda, B’Zaro Erna, Marlina, Sonta Fresly, Helga, Stia Fresman, Jay, Smansa 2F, Doni, for cheering my days with Joke and smile. I always remember all of you.

11.My best friends, Naomi, Dwi, Lija, Neva, and my cute friend Melati thanks for always accompanied me when we go home everyday. And all my friends wherever you are I love you all.

12.Last thanks should go to all my friends in English Diploma Program which I can not mention their name one by one. Thank you very much.

Finally, I really realize that this paper is still far from being perfect. Therefore, I welcome any constructive criticisms and suggestion to word this paper.

Medan, May 2009 The Writer,

Mediana Hutahaean Reg.no. 062202068

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

ABSTRACT ... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... iv

1. INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1 The Background of Study ... 1

1.2 The Scope of Study ... 3

1.3 The Purpose of Study ... 3

1.4 The Significance of Study ... 3

1.5 The Method of Study ... 4

2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PAST TENSES IN ENGLISH ... 5

2.1 Some Definitions of Tense ... 5

2.2 Simple Past Tense ... 5

2.2.1 The Definition ... 5

2.2.2 Forms ... 6

2.2.3 Functions ... 8

2.3 Past Continuous Tense ... 13

2.3.1 The Definition ... 13

2.3.2 Forms ... 13

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2.3.3 Functions ... 15

2.4 Past Perfect Tense ... 16

2.4.1 The Definition ... 16

2.4.2 Forms ... 16

2.4.3 Functions ... 18

2.5 Past Perfect Continuous Tense ... 19

2.5.1 The Definition ... 19

2.5.2 Forms ... 19

2.5.3 Functions ... 20

3. THE DESCRIPTION OF PAST TENSES FOUND IN THE ARTICLES OF HELLO MAGAZINE ... 23

3.1 In Article “KYLIE MINOGUE’S BODY LANGUAGE” ... 23

3.2 In Article “MARK WAHLBERG’S SHOOTER” ... 29

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 35

4.1 Conclusions ... 35

4.2 Suggestions... 38

REFERENCES APPENDICES

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ABSTRACT

Kertas karya yang berjudul “A Brief Description of Past Tense Found in the Articles of

Hello Magazine” ini membahas tentang past time dalam majalah Hello. Selain itu, kertas

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of Study

Tense is used to show the relation between the actions or state described by the verb and the time, which is reflected in the form of the verb. (Wishon,1980:185). Furthermore, Grain (2006) states that Tense specifies whether the verb refers to action in the past, present, and future. So, we must study tense carefully in sentences because it is the important element when we are speaking and writing some languages

There are four kinds of tenses in English that show past time such as the Simple Past Tense, Past Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Tense, and the Past Perfect Continuous Tense. Sometimes people consider that past tenses are easy but in fact, they are quite difficult to understand in some of languages. As what Jimmy (2009) states that The Past Tense with the use of verb and time signal is one of the problems in tenses. Sometimes the students place verb and time signal past tense in present tense question or on the other hand. This is because they lack in understanding the functions of tenses.

As we know English is one of international languages used almost in around the world. So we should have English proficiency both in written and spoken. Language has a structure and tenses in used in grammar. Every language in the world is different from each other; it has its own characteristic. Leech (2009) states that Language used in articles of magazine also has to present good English grammar and clear messages, so the readers can understand the language in the articles.

There are many people which have studied about past tenses. For example Riddle and Hinkell (1997 : 37) in Communication Featured, they examine the use of past tense

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in various writing conventions in English such as giving background information or referring to events with past association. For example, in giving background information: The school was an all Girls school and there were around a thousand students. However, it may still be true that the school is an all girls School and there are a thousand students. In describing past association: “My first teacher was a great teacher.” Your first teacher may well still be a great teacher, however the event is associated with a past temporal reference and so ‘was’ is more appropriate than ‘is’. This use of past tense is associated as much with conventions as with a temporal reference to past time.

Heyer (2006) in Writing Article of Marketing states that past tense usually refers

to past time. Will Baker (2006) in Developmental patterns of past tense, A student will be able to add “ed” to a regular verb but it will take them some practice to reach a point where they do it automatic ally without thinking about the rules.

Therefore, I choose past tenses as my topic and explain how to use of them in order to make readers understand about grammar. In this paper past tense will be studied through two profiles articles found in Hello Magazine issued January 2004 and May 2007.

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1.2 The Scope of Study

In this paper, I limit the discussion on past tense with their functions in sentences found in two articles of “KYLIE MINOGUE’S BODY LANGUAGE” in Hello magazine 218, January 2004, and “MARK WAHLBERG’S SHOOTER” in Hello magazine 257, May 2007.

1.3 The Objective of Study

By writing this paper I want to describe the forms of Past Tenses and their usages in sentences found in the articles of Hello Magazine.

1.4 The Significance of Study

The significances of the study are:

1. To make the readers know more details about Past Tense through the articles of

Hello Magazine.

2. To know the use of Past Tense found in the articles of Hello Magazine 3. To enlarge the readers’ knowledge in Past Tense

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1.5 The Method of Study

In writing this paper, the writer conducts the library research that is by reading the kinds of books as references which have connection to the topic being discussed. The writer take the information from the internet and take two articles in hello magazine as down samples purposively, according to Heyer (2006) that writing purposively means having or showing a definite intention. The writer gets forty five past sentences found in the articles of hello magazine as my data. For example It was quite an interesting day. The writer uses some steps in analyzing the data. Such as Reading, collecting, identifying, classifying and analyzing based on Grain’s theory.

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2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PAST TENSES IN ENGLISH

2.1. SOME DEFINITIONS OF TENSE IN ENGLISH

Tense is a way language expresses the time at which an event described by a sentence occurs. In English, this is a property of a verb forms, and expresses only time related information. Tense, in the grammar of many languages, is a category of time distinctions expressed by any conjugated form of a verb, in Latin inflection the tense of a verb is indicated by suffix that also indicates the verb voice, mood, person and number. Tense specifies whether the verb refers to action in the past, present or future.

According to Grain (2006) tense is a tool that English speaker use to express time in their language so you learn to think like a native speaker. Furthermore, (Riyanto,2006:15) states that tense is used to show the relation between the actions or state described by the verb and the time, which is reflected in the form of the verb, and used to locate an event or state to a point of time.

2.2 Simple Past Tense 2.2.1 The Definition

Simple Past Tense is a tense, which shows the event, or the action, activity or work, which is done in the past, in the simple form and known the time when the event or the work happened. (Riyanto,2006:165)

Simple Past Tense is used to talk about many kinds of past events, short, quickly, finished actions and happening, longer situation, and repeated events. And it is used to

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discuss activity or situation began and ended in the past, for example: yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 1990. Grain (2006).

From the definition above, I may conclude that Simple Past Tense is used to talk about activities or situations that are began and ended at a particular time in the past.

2.2.2 Forms

Before I explain about the uses of Simple Past, We have to know the forms of simple past proposed by Riyanto (2006:165) which are given in the following:

Examples:

- I went to Jakarta two days ago - He played in the school yard - She stayed at home last night

Examples:

- I did not go to Jakarta two days ago

- He did not play in the school yard yesterday morning - She did not stay at home last night

Examples:

- Did you go to Jakarta two days ago?

- Did he play in the school yard yesterday morning? - Did she stay at home last night?

Positive: S + V2

Negative: S + Did Not + V1

Interrogative: Did + S + V1

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To answer the interrogative question, the form of the answer is

Examples:

- Did they play in the yard? Yes, they did

- Did you go to school yesterday?

No, I did not

According to Grain (2006) the forms of Simple past tense with the verb “to be” are: and

. Examples:

- She was the top student in her class - We were in the Singapore last week - She was happy last night

Examples:

- You were not funny last night

- He was not happy about failing the test - I was not tall as a child

Examples:

Short Answer: Yes, No + S + did, did not

I/she/he/ + was + O We/you/they + were + O

Positive: S + was + O

Negative: S + was + not + O

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- Were you the tallest in your class? - Was she a good runner in high school? - Was she a lot of fun as a child?

2.2.3 Functions

According to Riyanto (2006:166) there are two functions of Simple Past. They are:

1. Simple Past Tense is a verb form that is used to express one action which happened or took place at a particular time in the past.

Examples:

- He was in Japan last month - They went to China last night - You were there yesterday

2. Simple Past Tense is a verb form that is used to express repeated, habitual actions in the past.

Examples:

- He used to have five goats and two cows - She always went to Mosque at night

While Grain (2006) proposed different functions of simple past tense. They are:

1. It is used for action completed in the past at a definite time for a past action when the time is given.

Examples: - She met her friends two days ago

- Jhon died in 2000

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- When did the Jhon die?

- When did she meet her friend?

2. It is used to list a series of completed actions in the past. Examples:

- I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim

- He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10.00

- Did you add flour, pour in the milk, and then add the eggs? 3. It is used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. Examples:

- She was shy as a child, but now she is very out going. - He didn’t like tomatoes before

- Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? 4. It is also used for past habit

Examples:

- He played the piano

- She studied French when she was a child

The Simple past Tense is usually used with a time expression such as 1. Yesterday

Examples:

- She didn’t come to my house yesterday morning

- My father went to my uncle’s house yesterday afternoon 2. Last

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Examples:

- His teacher didn’t come last week - She bought her bag last month 3. In

Examples:

- He was born in 1978 - She taught physics in 2006 4. At

Examples:

- She went to his house at 7:30 - He arrived at home at 7:00

5. From…to… Examples:

- She taught in our school from 1998 to 2005 6. When

Examples:

- When I was young, I played Violin

- When she was young, she went to Singapore

The Principal Parts of a Verb

According to Grain (2006) English verb has four principal form or parts. Theyare:

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1. The simple form: the simple form is the form that is found in a dictionary. It is the base form with no ending on it (no suffix-s, -ed, or -in)

2. The simple past: the simple past is the form ends ing -ed for regular verbs. Most verb as regular, but many common verbs have irregular forms

3. The past participle: the past participle also ends ing -ed for regular verbs. Some verbs are irregular; it is used in perfect tense.

4. The present participle: the present participle ends in -ing (for both regular and irregular verbs). It is used in progressive tense (e.g. the present progressive and past progressive)

This is a table of principal parts of a verb; it used to compare the simple present, simple past, the past participle, and the present participle in regular verbs and in irregular verbs.

Alternatively, look at the table below:

Simple form

Simple past Past participle Present participle

REGULAR VERBS Finish Stop Hope Wait Play Try Finished Stopped Hoped Waited Played Tried Finished Stopped Hoped Waited Played Tried Finishing Stopping Hoping Waiting Playing Trying IRREGULAR VERBS See Make Sing Saw Made Sang Seen Made Sung Seeing Making Singing

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Eat Put Go Ate Put Went Eaten Put Gone Eating Putting Going

2.3Past Continuous Tense 2.3.1 The Definition

Past Continuous Tense is a tense that is used for actions in progress at a certain time in the past, and for actions in progress when another past action begins. (Riyanto,2006 : 169). Further more Grain (2006) states that Past Continuous Tense is a tense that is used to say that something that is in progress (going on) around a particular past time and to stress that an activity is was in progress at every moment during a period of time. Past Continuous Tense is a construction. It is made up of the past tense of the auxiliary be + the-in (present participle) form of the verb. It is used to emphasize the progressive nature of an action that is happening over a period of the in the past.

2.3.2 Forms

The Forms of Past Continuous Tense Riyanto (2006:168) are as follows:

Examples:

(I / she / he / it) was working (You / we / they) were working

Examples:

(I /she / he / it) was not working

Positive: S + was/were + present participle

Negative: S + was/were + not + Present Participle

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(You / we / they) were not working

Examples:

- Was ( I/ she/ he/ it) working? - Were (You/ we/ they) working?

And the form of the Short Answer is Yes/no + S + was/were (not) Examples:

- Was she a teacher?

Yes, she was

- Was he your uncle? No, he was not

- Were they a rubber?

No, they were not

- Were they a student?

Yes, they were 2.3.3 Functions

According to Riyanto(2006:169) there are two functions of Past Continuous Tense. 1. To express an action that was taking place simultaneously when it was interrupted another activity in the past. This tense is rarely used by it self.

Examples:

- Rini was watching TV when some one knocked the door - I met Tom when he was attending a party.

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2. To express an action which was occurring at some specific time in the past. Examples:

- Jane was watching TV at 8:00 last night - What were you doing at 9:45?

Besides that, Grain (2006) purposes some functions of Past Continuous Tense. They are used:

1. To indicate gradual development Example:

- It was getting darker. The wind was rising.

2. To indicate that an action was in progress at a definite time in the past. Examples:

- What were you doing at 10.00 last night? - I was studying.

3. To indicate the progressive nature of an action that was happening at the same time as another event in the past.

Examples:

-When the telephone rang, I was taking a shower -While I was taking a shower, the telephone rang - While I was studying, I felt a sleep.

4. To indicate that to continuous activities were going on at the same time. Example:

-I was studying while he was reading.

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5. To indicate that an activity was going on between to paints of time in the past. Example:

- Between June of 1995 and December of 1966, he was writing a novel.

Expressing past time: using time clauses

Time clause main clause a. When I went to Singapore, I visited my

aunt

Main Clause TimeClause b. I visited my aunt when I went to

Singapore

When I went to Singapore= a time

clause*

I visited my aunt= a main clause*

(a) and (b) have the same meaning A time clause can :

1. come in front of a main clause, as in (a);

2. Follow a main clause, as in (b). c. After Jane ate lunch, she went to the

library.

d Jane went to the library after she ate

lunch.

a. Before she went to bed, she finished

her homework.

b. She finished her homework before she

went to bed.

c. While I was watching TV, the phone

rang.

d. The phone rang while I was watching

When, after, before, and while

Introduce time clauses. When

After

before + Subject & verb = a time clause while

PUNCTUATION: put a comma at the

end of a time clause comes first in a sentence (comes in front of the main clause):

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TV.

e. When the phone rang, I Was watching

f. I was watching TV when the phone

rang

Main clause + NO comma + time clause.

k. When the phone rang, I answered it. In a sentence with a time clause introduced by When, both the time clause verb and the main verb can be simple past. In this case, the action in the “when clause “happened first.

2.4Past Perfect Tense 2.4.1 The Definition

There are definitions of Past Perfect:

Past Perfect Tense is also the past equivalent of the simple past tense, and is used when the narrator or subject looks back on earlier action from a certain point in the past. Grain (2006). While Riyanto (2006:171) states that Past Perfect Tense is used for an action which has been completed before some definite time in the past.

2.4.2 Forms

According to Riyanto (2006:171) the forms of Past Perfect are:

Examples:

Positive: S + had + past participle

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- They had studied English before they moved to New York - She had cleaned the home before her sister arrived

Examples:

- They had not studied English before they moved to New York - She had not cleaned the home before her sister arrived

- He had not been 19 years when He entered university

Examples:

- Had they studied English before they moved to New York? - Had she cleaned the home before her sister arrived?

- Had He been 19 years when He entered university? And the time expressions used in the Past Perfect Tense are:

1. (Past perfect)…..when……. (Past tense) Examples:

- She had been a nurse when I was in Junior high school - You had been a teacher when I was in Elementary school 2. (Past perfect)……before….. (Past tense)

Examples:

- We had been at home before he left - They had been at Library before I left 3. After… (Past perfect), ….(Past tense)

Examples:

Interrogative: Had + S + Past participle Negative: S + had + not + past participle

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- After I had graduated Senior High School, I continued to university - After she had finished her work, she went to Library

2.4.3 Functions

According to Riyanto (2006:172) Past Perfect Tense is used:

1. To express an action that had happened or was completed in the past before another action in the past.

Examples:

- All ministers had arrived at the Presidential Palace before Mr. President came.

- She went to Galeria Mall after she had finished her homework. According to Grain (2006) some functions Past Perfect Tense are used:

1. To complete an action before something in the past or show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

Examples:

- I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kutai - I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet

- She only understood the movie because she had read a book 2. Past perfect Tense is used to provide the main event in the past

Examples:

- She had attended many interviews before she found the right job - I had seen the film six times already and I didn’t want to see it again

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3. With Non –Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.

Examples:

- By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.

- We had had that car for ten years before it broke down

- They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it more thirty years.

2.5 Past Perfect Continuous Tense 2.5.1 The Definition

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used for an action beginning in definitely in the past was still continuing at the past moment. Grain (2006) and as what Riyanto(2006: 197) states that Past Perfect Continuous Tense is a verb form that is used to express an activity which is in progress in the past .

2.5.2 Forms

According to Riyannto (2006: 173) there are the forms of Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

Examples:

- She had been living in this town for ten years

- George had been working at the PT. Gobel for twenty years - They had been moving for three years

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Examples:

- She had not been living in this town for ten years

- George had not been working at the PT.Gobel for twenty years - They had not been moving for three years

Examples:

- Had she been living in this town for ten years?

- Had George been working at PT. Gobel for twenty years? - Had they been moving for three years?

2.5.3 Functions

According to Riyanto (2006:174) there are two functions Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express:

1. A longer action that had happened and continued up to the past moment, ended or stopped just before something else in the past.

Example:

- James had been working at the Pluit Hospital for fifteen years before he died. 2. An activity which is in progress in the past

Example:

- When he got home, he was very tired because he had been working all day. And the time markers that are usually used in the Past Perfect Continuous Tense are before and for.

Interrogative: Had + S + been + present participle Negative: S + had + not +been + present participle

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Examples:

- She had been living in this town for 5 years - He had been working at PT. Niaga before he died

According to Grain (2006) there are the functions of Past Perfect Continuous Tense. They are used:

1. To talk about a continuous temporary event which started happening in the past before another past event.

Examples:

- She had been learning English for six years before she went to England. - They had been living in Paris for some time when they met.

2. To state the first action had been happening over a period time, when more then one or more actions occurred.

When 2 actions happened in the past, the past perfect continuous tense is used to clarify which action happened first.

*The first action is clarified by using the past perfect continuous tense *The second action is clarified by using simple past tense

Examples:

- Jane looked tired. I could see that she had been studying for her English test recently

- The children were soaking wet. I knew they had been swimming in the lake

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3. To make conclusions. Example:

- The teacher look looks very tired. She has been marking test all day. 4. To state actions repeatedly

Examples:

- The bus had been coming for two hours

- The teacher had been giving us exams for the past few weeks

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3. THE DESCRIPTION OF PAST TENSES FOUND IN THE ARTICLES OF HELLO MAGAZINE

The writer has already mentioned in the previous chapter that the data were selected from the hello magazine. The following are the discussion on Past Tenses in each article of the magazine.

3.1 IN THE ARTICLE “KYLIE MINOGUE’S BODY LANGUAGES”

There are 23 sentences of Past Tenses that I found in this article.

a. Simple Past Tense

There are 14 sentences of Simple Past in this article. They are:

1. Kylie Minogue was born May 28,1968, In Melbourne, Australia. ( p.14 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express one event which happened when Kylie was born. In this sentence also use time expression. For example: 1968. From the year 1968 we know that it show a time in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement The complement in the sentence is In Melbourne. It shows adverb of place.

2. The sister of Danni Minogue, a ten year oldKylie went with her sister to audition for the sullivans, and landed the role of Carla. ( p.14 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express the actions in the past, that the sister of Danni Minogue want to get the role of Carla so they must work hard.

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3. The actress-turned-singer’s big break came along when she was cast as car mechanic Charlene on the popular Australian soap opera, Neighbours, which also spawned the career of fellow Australian Natalie Imbruglia. ( p.14 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to list a series of completed actions in the past because Charlene had done many activities in one action simultaneously.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

4. Kylie’s success grew even more after several duets with her Neighbours co-star, Jason Donovan.(p.15)

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express one activity which occurred in the past that shows Kylie get a success for several years. The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

5. In 1996, she worked with the manic Street preachers and released an album the following year entitled impossible Princess. ( p.15 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express for a past action when the time is given such as in 1996. It shows that she worked in the past. The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

6. That’s not to say it was without its moments, but we did it pretty swiftly, in about 6 months. ( p.15 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express the result of a question. From the sentence it was its moments and we did it, we know that it shows a result in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement

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The Complement in the sentence shows pretty swiftly.

7. The last 2 albums probably took a bit longer, obviously the first one, light year. ( p.15 ) The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express one action in the past. The last in the sentence shows the time expression in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

8. I feel like I’m on a roll so this one was very, very enjoyable and I’m extremely happy with the result. ( p.15 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express a series of completed actions in the past such as feel like on a roll, very enjoyable, extremely happy.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement

The in the sentence shows a result to complete the actions like feel on a roll

9. I wasn’t so sure about that at the time that it was the biggest song in the world oh dear!

( p.16 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express the result of a question in the past. From the sentence I wasn’t so sure we know it was the short answer.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + not + O 10. It was quite and interesting day. ( p.16 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express the result of the action in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement The Complement shows quite and interesting day.

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11. We were far more general than that, in order to give you the freedom and the space to go in and see what happens. ( p.16 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is used to describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + were + Complement

12. Then we moved to fever which was a little more progressive. ( p.17 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express an action in the past. Moved in the sentence above is an action in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

13. Yeah and it came at the right time for me personally as well. ( p.17 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express past habit. For example came at the right time as well.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

14. I was in a good place as they say, and working with people who gave me a lot of inspiration and it was thoroughly enjoyable. ( p.17 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used express a series of completed actions in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement

The Complement in the sentence shows in a good place, give me a lot of inspiration, and enjoyable.

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b. Past Continuous Tense

There are 4 Past Continuous Tense as follows:

1. The newly transformed Minogue was now gaining more media coverage than ever, and as signed to a new record deal, with Deconstruction Record. ( p.15 )

The Past Continuous Tense is formed by: S + was + present participle 2. We were finding our feet a little more. ( p.15 )

The function of Past Continuous Tense in the sentences 1 and 2 are used to express an action which was occurring at some specific time in the past.

The Past Continuous Tense is formed by: S + were + present participle 3. We did know that it was going to be a pop album. ( p.15 )

The function of Past Continuous Tense in the sentence is used to express an action that was taking place simultaneously when it was interrupted by another activity in the past.

The Past Continuous Tense is formed by: S + was + present participle

4.We’ve got 12 tracks, there were going to be 13,( I won’t say what the 13th song was ) so I was it was a little hard to give up that one. ( p.17 )

The function of Past Continuous Tense in the sentence is used to express an action which was occurring at some specific time in the past.

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c. Past Perfect Tense

There are 3 Past Perfect Tense as follows:

1. It was the first day I had worked with Emiliana and Dane who wrote that track. ( p.16 ) 2. I’ve never worked before, we had finished writing the songs, I’ve got, you know, telephone calls and police and all kinds of things going on. ( p.16 )

The function Past Perfect Tense in the sentences 1 and 2 are used to complete an action in the past or show that something happened before a specific time in the past. The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + Past participle

3. It was similar too when I had heard on can’t get you out of my Head although that was a finished song. ( p.16 )

The function Past Perfect Tense in the sentence above is used to provide the main event in the past.

The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + Past participle

4. I think that my AnR firstly re visited people, writers and producers, I had worked with before. ( p.16 )

The function Past Perfect Tense in the sentence above is used to complete an action in the past or show that something happened before a specific time in the past. The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + Past participle

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

This is the sentence of Past Continuous Tense in this article.

1. And I think they had been recording some guitar, so the microphones were really low.

( p.16 )

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The function of Past Perfect Continuous Tense in the sentence above is used to make a conclusion. We can know from the sentence the microphones were really low. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense is formed by: S + had + been + present participle

3.2 IN ARTICLE “MARK WAHLBERG’S SHOOTER” There are 22 sentences of Past Tenses that I found in this article.

a. Simple Past Tense

There are 15 sentences of Simple Past Tense in this. They are:

1. He was born in Dorchester, Massachusets, they youngest of nine children, with siblings Arthur, Jim, Paul, Robert, Tracey, Michelle, Debbie, and Donnie Wahlberg.

( p.9 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence above is used to express one event which happened when Mark Wahlberg was born.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement The Complement In Dorchester shows the adverb of place

2. His father, Donal Edward Wahlberg, was a delivery driver, and his mother, Alma Elaine Donnelly, was a nurse. ( p.9 )

3. His paternal grandfather was a Swedish descent, while the majority of his other ancestry is Irish. ( p.9 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentences 2 and 3 above is used to describe past fact or generalizations. From the sentence above his father and his mother jobs are a delivery driver and a nurse. And the 3 rd sentence his paternal grandfather was a Swedish descent.

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The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + O

4. At 15 he harassed a group of African American school children on a field trip by throwing rocks ( causing injures) and shouting raciestepithest. ( p.9 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is used to express a past habit when he harassed a group of American School Children.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

5. Wahlberg was famous in his group of friends for carrying out attacks on elderly black women. ( p.9 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is describing past facts or generalizations which are no longer true. From the sentence it is really clear that Wahlberg was famous in his group of friends.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + O

6. In yet another incident when he was 21 Wahlberg fractured the jaw of a neighbor in unprovoked attack. ( p.9 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is used to express one action which happened at a particular time in the past. When he was 21 shows the time expression that used in the Simple Past Tense.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement

7. Wahlberg first came to fame as the younger brother of Donnie Wahlberg of the successful boy band New Kids on the Block. ( p.9 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is describing one action in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

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8. Marky Mark opened for the New Kids during their last tour and the second Marky Mark LP, You gotta believe, was a relative failure. ( p.9 )

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is used to describe past fact or generalizations which is no longer true. It show that Marky Mark opened the kids during their last tour.

9. Wahlberg was originally cast as Linus Caldwell in Ocean’sEleven; Matt Damon played the role instead. ( p.10 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is describing past facts or generalizations that he was originally cast.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + O

10. The movie was originally intended to star him and Joaquin phoenix, but Wahlberg

was uncomfortable with the film’s sex scenes and his role ultimately went to Jake

Gyllenhaal. ( p.10 )

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + O

11. He also appeared as a Massachusetts State Police detective in Martin Scorsese’s critically acclaimed thriller. ( p.10 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentences 10 and 11 is used to express repeated or habitual action in the past. Because in this sentence the verb is repeated at the same time.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

12. The Physical Side of Filming Shooter: Wahlberg says he didn’t really get hurt making this film. ( p.10 )

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The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is used to describe a habit in the past.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + didn’t + V1 13. It was a walk in the park. ( p.10 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is used to express a result of the action like walk in the park.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + was + Complement 14. “We were up there forever,” said Wahlberg. ( p.10 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is one action which happened when we were up there forever.

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + were + Complement

15. I Spoke to Bill Monahan and Marty (Scorsese) about it and Bill has a really interesting take. ( p.11 )

The function of Simple Past Tense in the sentence is used to express one action which happened when I spoke to Bill Mohan in the past. I

The Simple Past Tense is formed by: S + V2

b. Past Continuous Tense

There are 3 sentences of Past Continuous Tense as follows:

1. Director Antoine Fuqua and Academy Award nominee Mark Wahlberg were going to work together on a different film. ( p.10 )

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The function of Past Continuous Tense in the sentence is used to express an action which was occurring in the past when Mark Wahlberg were going to work together on a different film.

The Past Continuous Tense is formed by: S + were + present participle 2. It was a lot of running and jumping in this one. ( p.10 )

The function of Past Continuous Tense in the sentence is used to express an activity which occurred in the past.

The Past Continuous Tense is formed by: S + was + present participle

3. So, like with the Italian Job, for instance, we were going to try and make a sequel, but never really got the script where we were all really comfortable with it. ( p.11 )

The function of Past Continuous Tense in the sentence is used to express an action that was taking place when it was interrupted by another activity in the past.

The Past Continuous Tense is formed by: S + were + present participle

c. Past Perfect Tense

There are 3 sentences of Past Perfect Tense as follows:

1. Wahlberg had a catholic up bringing and attended Copley Square High School on Newbury Street in Boston. ( p.9 )

2. He had earned positive reviews and appeared in a number of successful movies like Boogie Nights, Three Kings, The Perfect Storm, Four Brothers, and The Italian Job. ( p.10 )

The function of Past Perfect Tense in the sentence 1 and 2 is used to express an action that had happened or was completed in the past.

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The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + Past participle

3. I could shoot pretty Good before, but I had never gone through sniper training before.

( p.10 )

The function of Past Perfect Tense in the sentence is used to express an action that had happened in the past.

The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + Past participle 4. I felt like I hadn’t seen that in a while. ( p.10 )

The function Past Perfect Tense in the sentence is used to express an action that had happened or was completed in the past before another action in the past.

The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + not + Past participle

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4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 CONCLUSIONS

After analyzing two articles “KYLIE MINOGUE ‘S LANGUAGE” and “MARK WAHLBERG’S SHOOTER” I found some sentences of past tenses. There are 23 sentences found in article “KYLIE MINOGUE ‘S LANGUAGE”. There are 14 Simple Past Tense, 4 Past Continuous Tense, 4 Past Perfect Tense, and 1 Past Perfect Continuous Tense.

The functions of Simple Past Tense in the article are used:

1. To express one event which happened when Kylie Minogue was born in the past. 2. To express the actions in the past, that the sister of Danni Minogue want to get the role of Carla so they must work hard.

3. To list a series of completed actions in the past because Charlene had done many activities in one action simultaneously.

4. To express one activity which occurred in the past that shows Kylie get a success for several years.

5. To express for a past action when the time is given such as in 1996. It shows that she worked.

6. To express the result of a question in the past.

7. To express a series of completed actions in the past such as feel like on a roll, very enjoyable, extremely happy.

The forms of Simple Past are:

1. S + was + Complement 2. S + V2

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3. S + was + not + O 4. S + were + Complement

The functions of Past Continuous tense are used:

1. To express an action which occurring at some specific time in the past.

2. To express an action that was taking place simultaneously when it was interrupted by another activity in the past.

3. To express an action which occurring at some specific time in the past. The forms of Past Continuous Tense are:

1. S + was + present participle 2. S + were + present participle

The functions of Past Perfect Tense are used:

1. To complete an action in the past or show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

2. To provide the main event in the past.

3. To complete an action in the past or show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

The form of Past Perfect Tense is: S + had + Past participle

The function of Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

1. To make a conclusion. For example they had been recording some guitar, so the microphones were really low.

The form of Past Perfect Continuous Tense is:

S + had + been + present participle

(48)

And in the article “MARK WAHLBERG’S SHOOTER” There are 15 Simple Past Tense, 3 Past Continuous Tense, and 4 Past Perfect Tense.

The functions of Simple Past Tense in the article are used:

1. To express one event which happened when Mark Wahlberg was born. 2. To describe past fact or generalizations

3. To express a past habit when he harassed a group of American School Children. 4. To express one action which happened at a particular time in the past.

5. To express repeated or habitual action in the past. The forms of Simple Past are:

1. S + was + Complement 2. S + V2

3. S + didn’t + V1

4. S + were + Complement

The functions of Past Continuous tense are used:

1. To express an action which was occurring in the past when Mark Wahlberg were going to work together on a different film.

2. To express an action that was taking place when it was interrupted by another activity in the past.

The forms of Past Continuous Tense are:

1. S + were + present participle 2. S + was + present participle

The functions of Past Perfect Tense are used:

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2. To express an action that had happened in the past.

3. To express an action that had happened or was completed in the past before another action in the past.

The form of Past Perfect Tense is:

S + had + Past participle

4.2 SUGGESTIONS

Realizing the using Past Tenses is very common in spoken and written, it should be based on the pattern; I would like to suggest the readers, students, who are interested in this topic:

• To master in using Past Tenses, because it always appears in the reading article.

• Study the forms and functions of Past Tenses.

• find out the using of Past Tenses in other magazines

• I hope that by writing this topic I can help the readers to understand more about Past Tenses.

(50)

REFERENCES

Allen, W.Stannard.1974. Living English Stucture. London: Longman.

Celce-Murcia, Marianne& Diane Larsen-Freeman. 1983. The Grammar Book, An ESL/EFL Teacher’s Course. Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers, INC Cyssco, R. Dhanny. 2004. English Grammar Practice for Toefl: CV. Puspa Swara. Grain,Michael. (2006) Communicative English Hartanto, S. Jhon. Dkk.1996. Accurate, Brief And Clear English Grammar. Surabaya:

Indah Surabaya.

Hewings, Martins.1999. Advance Grammar in Use, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Heyer, Will Baker.2006. Writing Article Marketing. http://www.write article.htm/j Jimmy. 2009. Practical English Speaking Kardimin, Akh, 2005. Essential English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Leech.2009. A grammar of contemporary English Murphy, Raymond.1998.English Grammar in Use Second Edition, Cambridge:

Cambridge University press.

Riyanto,Slamet. 2006. The 1st Students Choice TOEFL. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

Ridle, Hinkell.!997. Communication in English. Deresan: Kanisius

Schrampter Azar, Betty.1993. Understanding And Using English Grammar Second edition, Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.

Thompson, A.J and Martinet, A.V.1986. A Practical English Grammar Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wishon.1980. Developing English Sentence. Yogyakarta: Great Media

(1)

The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + Past participle

3. I could shoot pretty Good before, but I had never gone through sniper training before. ( p.10 )

The function of Past Perfect Tense in the sentence is used to express an action that had happened in the past.

The Past Perfect Tense is formed by: S + had + Past participle 4. I felt like I hadn’t seen that in a while. ( p.10 )

The function Past Perfect Tense in the sentence is used to express an action that had happened or was completed in the past before another action in the past.

(2)

4. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 CONCLUSIONS

The functions of Simple Past Tense in the article are used:

3. To list a series of completed actions in the past because Charlene had done many activities in one action simultaneously.

4. To express one activity which occurred in the past that shows Kylie get a success for several years.

5. To express for a past action when the time is given such as in 1996. It shows that she worked.

6. To express the result of a question in the past.

7. To express a series of completed actions in the past such as feel like on a roll, very enjoyable, extremely happy.

The forms of Simple Past are: 1. S + was + Complement

(3)

3. S + was + not + O 4. S + were + Complement

The functions of Past Continuous tense are used:

1. To express an action which occurring at some specific time in the past.

2. To express an action that was taking place simultaneously when it was interrupted by another activity in the past.

3. To express an action which occurring at some specific time in the past. The forms of Past Continuous Tense are:

1. S + was + present participle 2. S + were + present participle

The functions of Past Perfect Tense are used:

1. To complete an action in the past or show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

2. To provide the main event in the past.

3. To complete an action in the past or show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

The form of Past Perfect Tense is: S + had + Past participle

The function of Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used:

1. To make a conclusion. For example they had been recording some guitar, so the microphones were really low.

The form of Past Perfect Continuous Tense is: S + had + been + present participle

(4)

And in the article “MARK WAHLBERG’S SHOOTER” There are 15 Simple Past Tense, 3 Past Continuous Tense, and 4 Past Perfect Tense.

The functions of Simple Past Tense in the article are used:

1. To express one event which happened when Mark Wahlberg was born. 2. To describe past fact or generalizations

3. To express a past habit when he harassed a group of American School Children. 4. To express one action which happened at a particular time in the past.

5. To express repeated or habitual action in the past. The forms of Simple Past are:

1. S + was + Complement 2. S + V2

3. S + didn’t + V1

4. S + were + Complement

The functions of Past Continuous tense are used:

1. To express an action which was occurring in the past when Mark Wahlberg were going to work together on a different film.

2. To express an action that was taking place when it was interrupted by another activity in the past.

The forms of Past Continuous Tense are: 1. S + were + present participle

2. S + was + present participle

The functions of Past Perfect Tense are used:

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2. To express an action that had happened in the past.

3. To express an action that had happened or was completed in the past before another action in the past.

The form of Past Perfect Tense is: S + had + Past participle

4.2 SUGGESTIONS

Realizing the using Past Tenses is very common in spoken and written, it should be based on the pattern; I would like to suggest the readers, students, who are interested in this topic:

• To master in using Past Tenses, because it always appears in the reading article.

• Study the forms and functions of Past Tenses. • find out the using of Past Tenses in other magazines

• I hope that by writing this topic I can help the readers to understand more about Past Tenses.

(6)

REFERENCES

Allen, W.Stannard.1974. Living English Stucture. London: Longman.

Indah Surabaya.

Hewings, Martins.1999. Advance Grammar in Use, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Leech.2009. A grammar of contemporary English Murphy, Raymond.1998.English Grammar in Use Second Edition, Cambridge:

Cambridge University press.

Riyanto,Slamet. 2006. The 1st Students Choice TOEFL. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Ridle, Hinkell.!997. Communication in English. Deresan: Kanisius

Schrampter Azar, Betty.1993. Understanding And Using English Grammar Second edition, Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.

Thompson, A.J and Martinet, A.V.1986. A Practical English Grammar Fourth Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wishon.1980. Developing English Sentence. Yogyakarta: Great Media

A Brief Description Of Past Tense Found In The Articles Of Hello Magazine