Objectives of the Study Problem Formulation

significant role in explaining the essence of religion’s interior side which aim to create a harmonious life. The understanding lies in the explanation that, to create a synchronized life, humans need the correct concept of what a religion is. So, later, human feels happy in running his life. Sufism is used as referential information for the reason that Sufism is the core of the religion of Islam the interior side, the role of this information is to give knowledge for the readers. The readers will be able to understand and make a connection between Sufi concepts and the essence of the poems. Jalaluddin Rumi’s life is used as the referential information of how he was shaped, through his journey in life, to be somebody who realized his true essence and was able to create such works in which his essence was manifested. The information from a spiritual practitioner of Sufism named Kuinjabihari serves to give the significant in making sense of the theory I read from many written sources. It also helps readers and I understand what spiritual life is like, which is essential for readers to understand the poems deeper. The significance of this overall information is to help readers to have a better understanding of the poems. The understanding of the poems comes when the readers know the context of Rumi’s life which influenced him to become a mystic, and the values explained in the religious ground and Sufism. Thus, by employing Structural-Semiotics theory, I expect to get the complete meaning of mystical experience according to Jalaluddin Rumi which is manifested in the poems “The Tavern” and “How Very Close.” Literary works are seen as structures of meaning-structures which have meanings. As a matter of fact, literary works are a sign system which has a meaning that uses language as the medium. Thus, to analyze structure system, it needs structural criticism to grasp the sign meanings which correlate with the structure system. The science to analyze the signs is called semiotics Preminger et al, 1974:980. Therefore, semiotic analysis cannot be separated from structural analysis. The semiotic notion of intertextuality proposed by Julia Kristeva refers to the terms text and context. According to Julia Kristeva in her book entitled Desire in Language, text is defined as a trans-linguistic apparatus that redistributes the order of language by relating communicative speech, which aims to inform directly, to different kinds of anterior or synchronic utterances 1980: 36. The text, in brief, gives meaning directly through the structural level which is in the poems. This opinion is supported by Culler in his book entitled Structuralist Poetics, where analyzing and criticizing literary works are the efforts to catch and to give meaning to the texts of literary works 1977: VIII. The term context is defined as the procedure of a semiotics that, by studying the text as intertextuality, considers it as such within the text of society and history. The construction of the context is the focus where knowing reality grasps the transformation of utterances into a totality the text as well as the insertions of this totality into the historical and social context 1980:37. In brief, the context is therefore an effective tool to investigate the pre-textual experiences, which serve as a base from which it influences the author of the literary works to generate such works. The nature of every element in any given situation has no significance by itself, and in fact is determined by its relationship to all the other elements involved in that situation. The full significance of any entity or experience cannot be perceived unless it is integrated into the structure of which it forms a part Hawkes, 1977:18. Between those elements, there is coherence; the elements are not situated as PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI