over women by force 1991:209. She suggested that the hidden meaning of rape is connected to the concept of treating women as property.
C. Theoretical Framework
In order to answer problem formulation, the contribution of theories is needed. Thus, the review of related study is needed to add more information,
critique, and comment towards Paradise. The review of related theories along with the review of related studies gives deeper insight about the study.
Ever since the focus of the study is feminist, several theories will be used to analyze the study. Those theories are patriarchy and feminist theory. Those
theories are significant since the writer uses feminist as the approach. To analyze the novel and to answer the problem mentioned in the first chapter, the character
and characterization are analyzed using theories of character and characterization by M.H. Abrams, Murphy, and Stanton. Later on, from the analysis of the
character and characterization, the writer analyzes what form of oppression that the major female characters get. In this step, theory of patriarchy is used to see
how the oppression of women that are gotten especially the major female characters. Theory of feminist is used in order to see the unequal treatment and
also to see how struggle is done by the major female characters.
19
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study in this research is Paradise. The novel was written by Toni Morrison and published by Alfred A. Knoff, Inc in 1997. Paradise is a
part of the trilogy including Beloved and Jazz, it is also about love, which takes a place in the history of African Americans. According to the author, it completes a
trilogy that begins with Beloved and includes Jazz.The book was chosen as an Oprahs Book Club selection for January 1998. Morrison wanted to call the book
War but was overridden by her editor Mulrine, swarthmore.eduhumanitiespschmid1.html.
Paradise is divided into nine sections: Ruby, Mavis, Grace, Seneca, Divine, Patricia, Consolata, Lone, Save-Marie, and there are 318 pages altogether.
Each section named after a character, all of them is the name of the female characters. Morrison writes her story without explanation about the name of the
characters. None of them are named in the opening chapter, and in subsequent ways they are introduced in passing the story, often by nicknames or first name.
The first section is Ruby which has the important scene and sentence, they shoot the white girl first. In Ruby, the story focuses on the description of
the town of Ruby, the Convent and Haven. The character of name Ruby is not explained in this section. The second section is Mavis, it tells about Mavis life.
She runs away from home, steals her husbands car, and arrives to the Covent. In PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
this section, the characters of Mavis are explained, she is afraid of her husband, and she cannot tolerate her feeling guilt and she fears for her life.The third
chapter, Grace, the real name of Gigi, she arrives in town of Ruby. This chapter generates a conflict between K.D and Arnette. The next chapter is Seneca, it
focuses on Rubys community. The people of Ruby has meeting at the oven to discuss about The furrow of his brow.The next chapter is Divine, it tells about
unpleasant wedding and Arnette claims her baby on her wedding night. In Patricias chapter, it tells about the reconstruction of the towns story. Next chapter
is Consolata, she has affair with Deek and becomes a guide for the women in the Convent. The last second chapter is Lone, she alerts the Convent with no success,
she tells the relatives and finds the car with three victims in it. In the last chapter Save-Marie, they hold the first funeral of the town and the change of The furrow
of his brow into We are the furrow of HIS brow.
B. Approach of the study
In order to do the analysis, the writer uses feminist approach. Feminist approach is a type of academic approach to study about the work of literature
which use the feminist thought in the context of production and also reception to analyze the literary text Goodman, 1996: 11. The focus of this study is on
feminist as seen through womens characters. According A Handbook of Critical Approach to Literature sixth edition, feminism is an overly political approach that
criticizes women stereotyping Guerin, 2011: 253.Literature is described as political, and its politics is male. Therefore, in literature feminist critics explain
