As Murphy explains, there are nine ways to see the characterization of the characters in literary works. The description of the characters which are described
by the appearance and clothes and the characters can be seen by other characters such as the opinion and the eyes of characters. The important methods to support
this research are the conversations, reactions, direct comments, thoughts, and mannerisms. The conversations of other characters can be a clue to find the
characteristics. The reactions of various situations or events can also give the characteristics of the character. Then, the direct comment can give the direct
comments of the characters. The thoughts of the characters can give the direct knowledge about what the characters are thinking about. Mannerisms, habit which
is described by the author to tell the characteristics. From the theories that already explained by some experts, it is clear that
the important elements of the action done by the characters. From the dialogue and the action, the readers can understand what kind of characteristic that the
characters have. The readers need to read the whole story to understand the characters and to avoid the misinterpretation of characters.
2. Theory of Patriarchy
Literary, patriarchy means rule of the father Payne, 1997: 394. It means that the rule of society is held by the elder man of the society. In other words, a
man takes control of society.The meaning of patriarchy is a system of social structures where men dominate, oppress, and exploit women. Women and men
live together in the condition where they ruled to be in a different position. Men in PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
higher position; they are the ruler, and women in the lower one because they are the follower Walby, 1990:20. Patriarchy is a long history of injustice in the
social status between men and women. Womens position is under mens control.In Using Critical Theory, Tyson states
A patriarchy is any society in which men hold all or most of the power. Usually a patriarchy gives men power by promoting traditional gender
roles. Patriarchal men and women believe that anyone who violates traditional gender roles is in some way unnatural, unhealthy, or even
immoral Tyson, 2011:141-142.
Women are forced and conditioned by the society to believe that they are weak. Since early childhood, human being has been taught to play different role in
the family. Men are taught to do the public job while women are taught to do the domestic one. The one who disobey the rule will be blamed by patriarchal society.
Patriarchy means the authority of elder males or male. The father in the family or the younger man makes decision which control and rule the familys
work, purchase, and etc. In here, women have no choices to make. There are no question as to their nature is simply obedience Ehreinreich English, 1992: 216.
In Contemporary Feminist Thought, Eisenstein states Instead of being openly coerced into accepting their secondary status,
women were conditioned into embracing it by the process of sex role stereotyping. From early childhood, women were trained to accept a
system which divided society into male and female spheres, with appropriate roles for each, and which allocated public power
exclusively to the male sphere Eisenstein, 1984: 6.
In patriarchal society exist something called sex role. This sex role differentiates women and mens function in society. Men or masculine behavior is
suited with the aggression, initiative, rationality, and objectivity, so that they are given the job to be the leader. Women or feminine behavior is suited with
passivity, emotionalism, and subjectivity, so that they are given the job to be the follower; the house keeper Eisenstein, 1984: 10-11.
In patriarchy men are seen to be more important than women. Their feeling and opinion are important. Women here just for mens pleasure and they are the
assistance of men. They should fulfill their natural feminine functions. In patriarchy, women are different with men and they should not compete with men
Freeman, 1984: 553. In patriarchy the role of women in family is so big and it is quite different
from men. Women are responsible for the love of the family. They are responsible for cleaning, laundering, producing food, and child caring. Those duties need
skills that are quite complicated for a human being to do. Because of that, women since their childhood were trained to learn those duties Hoffnung, 1984:125.
In this society, women are only seen as mere object that are placed in the house in order to do householdwork. Things done by men outside the house are
for money. It makes the whole family depend on the husband for the living. The wife, inside the house, has to provide the comfort and the love for the husband and
children Hoffnung, 1984: 125.
3. Feminist Theory
