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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this chapter, the writer explores some reviews in order to support the analysis. This chapter consists of the review of related studies, review of related
theories, and review of related backgrounds in Africa during colonization and after the independence. The last part is the theoretical framework.
A. Review of Related Studies
There are some of the studies used either similar topic or object with this thesis. One of the researches is an undergraduate thesis entitled Negotiation of
Identity in a Colonial State in Tambu in Dangarembga s Nervous Conditions ” by
Yoeweni Widarti Retno Dewayani 2002 from Sanata Dharma University. It concerns the idea of negotiation in the main character, Tambu. Using sociological
approach, the writer found that only by forgetting their origin, the Colonized can become successful in their life.
Unconsciously, Tambu is culturally colonized by the education. Tambu becomes enamored by the more irresistible culture for having so many
things that can lift up their social status. Tambu has hopes in the English culture that it can bring progress to herself and her family. She has fallen
deeper into the English culture by wanting all those white things . The novel has shown that the Westerners may have physically left their
colonies in Africa, but they retain as locales on the ideological map over which they continue to rule morally and intellectually 2002: 72.
It shows that the major character in the novel, even though she faces the contact with another culture, as she pursues the education in Sacred Heart
Convent school where most of the students are white, but her view toward the
colonialism effect to another character does not have a significant change. Divided into three sections, the analysis of the study scrutinizes Tambu s view of
the effect of colonialism on Nyasha, Nhamo Tambu s brother, and the way Tambu negotiates herself with her new society.
In the first section of the analysis, Tambu sees Nyasha as someone who is torn between two cultures. She is torn between the culture of her home, Rhodesia
and that of England. Nyasha is unable to be accepted among her Rhodesian friends. She does not have many friends because they do not like the way she
speaks. They would imitate the way she speaks because Nyasha s accent is just like the whites. Moreover, it is not Nyasha s accent that they do not like but
Nyasha herself. In their point of view, Nyasha s acts and talks like whites; she does not act inferior like other young girls in Rhodesia.
In the next section, Tambu sees Nhamo as the one who forgets his own origin. Education has made him forget his past. It is proven from Nhamo s losing
speaking in Shona. Nhamo wants to prove that English culture is more superior than his native one. 2002: 53-59.
In the third section, Tambu unconsciously has the desire of all those white things. Her original reason to pursue education becomes an excuse to
obtain her desire. Like Nhamo, Tambu succeeds in assimilating herself to the English culture because she finds it more comfortable than her Rhodesian one.
2002: 60-67. From this research, it is found that colonialism emerges in the form of
education, which is given to the characters in the story. Through the education that
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