Theory on Setting Review of Related Theories

L yotard 1984: 4 said that “The “producers” and users of knowledge must now, and will have to, possess the means of translating into these language whatever they want to invent or learn.” From the term of knowledge, then it develops into problems in which postmodernism mentioned. For instance, political power or economical problem occurs in society. Those problems can be analyzed by language games as the aspect of postmodernism. It is because people as human beings who live in the world use language as they communicate with each other. It is mentioned by Lucy 1997: 79 that “This or that language-game might change, but „the world‟ never could: because any notion of the „world‟ would be locked inside a particular language- game‟.” In the term of language games, it includes sublime and legitimation. Language games itself is mentioned by Lyotard 1984: 10 that What he means by this term is that each of the various categories of utterance can be defined terms of rules specifying their properties and the uses to which they can be put –in exactly the same way as the game of the chess is defined by a set of rules determining the properties of each of the pieces, in other words, the proper way to move them. In the definition of language games , Lyotard argued that “The last observation bring us to the first principle underlying our method as a whole: to speak to fight, in the sense of playing , and speech acts falls within the domain of a general agonistics.” 1984: 10. In this part, those aspects of postmodernism will be discussed in this study. The first is legitimation. Lyotard 1984: 8 argued that “Legitimation is the process by which a legislator is authorized to promulgate such a law as a norm.” He also mentioned that In this case, legitimation is the process by whic h a “legislator” dealing with scientific discourse is authorized to prescribe the stated conditions in general, conditions of internal consistency and experimental verification determining whether a statement is to be included in that discourse for consideration by the scientific community. 1984: 8 It means that legitimation is an impact of scientific demoralization. It is the condition when the society is developed by the scenarion of the computerization. In this condition, governmental agencies or pirvate firms guide a certain decision for managing telecommunications industry. It mentioned by Lyotard 1984 that It has been described extensively by the experts and is already guiding certain decisions by the governmental agencies and private firms most directly concerned, such as those managing the telecommunication industry. To some extent, then, it is already a part of observable reality. Finally, barring economic stagnation or a general recession resulting, for example, fr om a continued failure to solve the world‟s energy problems, there is a good chance that this scenario will come to pass: it is hard to see what other direction contemporary technology could take as an alternative to the computerization of society. The second aspect is sublime. Lucy 1997: 35 mentioned that According to the great eighteenth-century German philosopher Immanuel Kant, in opposition to whose ideas the Romantic period is often wrongly defined, the sublime is an order of judgement. The sublime, as distinct from the beautiful or the horrible, is not to be found in nature, but in the mind. While the sublime is both „universally valid‟ and „independent of interest‟, the analytical process by which anything is judged to be sublime is a cultural achievement, not a natural a priori condition. Hence the universal and disinterested sublime is always a product of particular cultural interests: a stormy sea, for example, may be produced as sublime –and therefore universal and disinterested –in the mind of someone the English Romantic painter J. M. W. Turner, say whose cultural stock of images of the beautiful and the horrible includes „the stormy sea‟ as an PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI