Background of the Study

4 be prohibited in the classroom because it could affect students ’ mentality. Students may feel oppressed and afraid to express their thoughts in the class. Child denial in a family also becomes a serious threat for children. In Nusa Tenggara Barat, a parent consciously leaves their daughter as a warrant when renting a motorbike Nurbaya, 2015. Parents of the child had already left their daughter for about three weeks. A recent study reported by UNICEF stated that in 2009 children between the ages of 10 to 18 years old experienced various kinds of violence in Aceh, Papua, Central Java, and East Nusa Tenggara provinces in Indonesia. The studies also showed that in 2011 for about 67 and 79 of children under the age of 15 were physically punished by parents, caregivers, and teachers in Papua. Indonesian Institution of Law support or Lembaga Bantuan Hukum LBH stated there were 57 children violence cases in 2003 and 40 cases in 2004. The data is restricted in West Nusa Tenggara Island province of Indonesia. The cases found in West Nusa Tenggara Island are mostly rape cases which include young girls being raped and young boys were sodomy. Most of the perpetrators, according to LBH, escaped justice and cannot be located until the data were published in 2005. Those cases have become serious problems in society. Children may experience things that would provoke negatives side of their personality development. Instead of becoming a generation that will give a good impact on the nation, children who often experienced both physical and verbal abuse may give a bad influence for the country. Kaiser and Rasminsky 2010 state parents, teacher and any caregiver take a very important role to the development process of 5 the children. Insensitive caregiver may lose children’s trust which further causing trouble of getting along with friends and triggers aggressive behavior Greenber et al, in Kaiser Rasminsky, 2010. Media also bring effects to the character development of the children. It is an efficient instrument to affect children with either good or bad values. Langham 2015 believes that watching television and movies for many times support the justification of children’s thought and behavior. He also states by watching Disney ’s princesses movies, female is wiser in making decision for their relationship with male. Coyne’s research as reported by Biley also strengthens Langham idea. The research finds that children who spend much time on Disney ’s princesses movies are more hospitable, less aggressive, having better body image and somehow are more like a female. However, inappropriate shows in the media also bring a bad impact on children. Coie and Dodge, 1998 in Kaiser and Rasminsky 2010 state that television is promoting children to become violence. Watching and witnessing direct violence can give negative effects on the children. Children may have the initiation to copy the figure they have seen from the media which drive them to be more aggressive. The show in media takes a role in the development process of the children. The study of DM 1could remind people to acknowledge children ’s role in a family. By considering Gru’s personality and focusing on the changes in Gru’s personality after he adopted the three little girls, audience may see the contributions the three little girls could give to Gru. 6 Furthermore, developing teaching materials that involve movies as the media is easier as there is You Tube, an online video site. Nowadays, there are hosts of any kinds of movie including short movie, soap opera, music clip, movie trailer and movies scene in the World Wide Web. Teachers can make use of these sites as source or a tool for teaching. Watkins and Wilkins 2011 develop classroom activities to improve listening, speaking, reading and writing skills using them. There are some activities offered in the journal such as movie trailer voiceovers which allows students to be a narrator of a short movie trailer. Famous movie scene reenactment which asks students to make a drama that is copied from their favorite movie scene. There are also blogging which ask students to make an online diary in form of video, and many other activities to use in the classroom Watkins Wilkins, 2011. Thus, for English advance learners and English teachers, DM 1 would be a good movie to use to study about the linguistics phenomenon. Students can get example to differentiate between English American dialect and Russian English dialect and seek whether there were similarities among them. C onsidering Gru’s dialect, student may develop their American English pronunciation by focusing on the stressed syllables and stressed words which Gru pronounce in the movie. The movie can help students to develop their English speaking skills better. Studying this film may remind a teacher candidate to appreciate children. As it is reported above, there were cases in school which involves teachers as the suspects, the study of this movie may show them and embed the moral value so 7 that later the teacher candidate may treat their students well and reduce harassment in the school. The focus of the study is to find Gru’s character development. The writer believes the developments are caused by the presence of Margo, Edith and Agnes around him. In order to see it, the writer divides the problem formulation into two categories. The first problem is how Gru character is described in DM 1 before he adopted Margo, Edith and Agnes. The second problem is how Gru’s character developed after he adopted Margo, Edith and Agnes. In accordance with the problems formulation above, the writer organizes two objectives of the study. First is to discover Gru characteristic before he adopted Margo, Edith and Agnes. The second objective is t o see Gru’s character development after he adopted Margo, Edith and Agnes.

B. Approach of the Study

The study is a media study which pays attention to the work of a media to monitor social issues Beniger, 1978. This study will focus on the works of a media to build a reader –response criticism rather than a criticism to the personality of the creator of the movie. It is to discover the message of the movie to the audience. Specifically, the approach used in this study is the psychological approach. According to Abrams 1999, the psychological criticism is an approach that focuses on the work of literature which simply shows the personality of the author. In the twentieth century, a psychologist named Sigmund Freud, developed 8 psychoanalytic theories, which then becomes the base of psychological approach Guerin et al., 2005, p. 155. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory involves the study of unconscious mind and human need, which is divided into three parts; the id, ego and superego Guerin et al., 2005, p.156. Freud likely to concern on the literature work in order to find out the personality of the author, since the theory was first developed to deal with the neuroses problem Abrams, 1999, p. 248 The focus of psychological approach then changed in 1950. The approach is no longer focusing on the author personality but it focuses on the text and the readers Murfin and Ray, 1998. The purpose of doing psychological criticism is then to help readers develop a reader-response criticism which means to help reader or audience to grasp the message from the story. In this study, the writer will discuss Gru ’s character using the characterization theory by Robert Stanton and personality theory by Murray. By discussing the main characters of the movie, the writer tries to show the changes that appear caused by the young children and find the role of the children in the family. The writer will characterize Gru and find the reasons behind his characteristic. Afterwards, the writer shows the character development of the main character. 9

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

This chapter consists of two parts. The first part is the review of the related literature used to discuss the movie as well as the theory used in this study. The second part is the findings of the study which differentiates Gru’s character before and after he adopted the three little girls.

A. Review of Related Literature

This subchapter is distinguished into three subchapters. The first subchapter shows the related study on DM 1. There are three different studies discussing DM1. The first is paying attention on the types of Gru’s command that occur in the movie. The second study focuses on finding different pragmatic meaning in DM1. The last study is comparing DM1 Indonesian translation and the English translation to know the appropriateness of the Indonesian translation. The second and the third subchapters show the theory used in this study. The first theory is a characterization theory by Stanton 1965. It proposes some technique to characterize a character from a story. The second theory is proposed by Murray 1893 which called the personality theory. The theory focuses on human needs that cause certain behavior.

1. Related Study on DM 1

The first study lead by Syah, Usman and Bochari 2014 discussed Gru’s command in the movie. The title of their study is Analysis of Illocutionary Act of 10 Commands by the Main Character In “Despicable Me” Film. It was a qualitative study of which the data were based on the film script. The study analyzed sentence forms and the type of commands uttered by Gru. The study found there were two kinds of sentence forms: imperative and declarative, and two types of commands: direct and indirect type. Declarative sentence, according to Strumpf and Douglasas cited by Syah, Usman and Bochari, is a statement and imperative sentence is a command Strumpf Douglas in Syah, Usman Bochari, 2014: 3. The writers believe that misunderstanding is caused by the use of indirect command to state urgent needs. Indirect command is a polite command that has implicit messages. On the other hand, direct command holds an explicit message but sometimes it seems impolite. The result of the study, however, states that direct command which combine with the imperative or declarative form of sentence may result in successful communication, since Gru frequently uses the direct command rather than the indirect one. In their research, the writers suggest readers to apply direct command for urgent needs, so there will be no misunderstanding between the speaker and the audience. Direct command also makes the conversation more efficient, because it delivers the message directly to the audience. The second study is done by Lestari 2013. She did a research based on DM 1 movie script. Lestari 2013 put her focus on finding the conversational implicature. On the other hand, according to Grice in Lestari 2013, conversational implicature is a different pragmatic meaning in utterance expression Grice in Lestari, 2013: 23. Her study entitled The Analysis of