An Analysis of perlocutionary acts in despicable me movie: superbad, superdad and the movie despicable me 2 movie: when the world needed a hero, they called a villian

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THEY CALLED A VILLIAN?

A Thesis

Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Strata One (S1)

DIO REZA ARDIVI 1110026000078

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT

LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH

JAKARTA


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ABSTRACT

Dio Reza Ardivi, An Analysis of perlocutionary acts in Despicable Me Movie: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2 Movie: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian?. Thesis: English Letters Department, Letters and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2015.

In this research, the writer discusses the using of illocutionary acts in all utterances in the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian?. The aims of this research are to find background the unexpected perlocutionary acts.

The writer uses qualitative descriptive analysis method. The writer collects the data from watching the movie and the script, then describe the background of the unexpected perlocutionary acts. Based on the theory, the data are analyzed one by one to know background of the unexpected perlocutionary acts in this movie.

From the data analysis, the writer finds the reasons of the unexpected perlocutionary acts in the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian?


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my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the next.

Jakarta, December 2015


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the most gracious, praise, and gratitude be to Allah for giving the writer ability and health to finish this thesis. Shalawat and Salam always send to our Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, who has guided us from the darkness to enlightenment in the world.

The writer would like to express my gratitude for my advisors Dr. Frans Sayogie, S.H., M.H., M.Pd. and Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd. who always give inspirations, encouragements, critiques, and sincere guidance for me to finish the thesis.

The writer also would like to take this opportunity for expressing my deep and sincere gratitude and thankfulness to:

1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.Ag., The Dean of Faculty of Letters and Humanities.

2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd., the Head of English Letters Department.

3. Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., the Secretary of English LettersDepartment. 4. All of the lecturers in English Letters Department for their valuable

knowledge.

5. All the librarians of Adab and Humanities Faculty and State Islamic University.

6. My beloved parents: Nohan and Yusnaeni Indriani for their limitless support, pray and endless love.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT………... i

APPROVEMENT………. ii

LEGALIZATION………. iii

DECLARATION……….. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS………... vii

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study………... 1

B. Focus of the Study………... 3

C. Research Question………... 3

D. Significance of the Study………. 4

E. Research Methodology……… 4

1. The Objectives of Research…….………... 4

2. The Method of Research…….……….. 4

3. The Technique of Data Analysis....……….. 5

4. The Instruments Research………. 6

5. Unit of analysis………. 6

CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A. Previous Research………... 7


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C. Classification of Illocutionary Acts ………. 12

1. Representative ……… 12

2. Directive ……… 13

3. Expressive ………. 13

4. Commissive ……… 14

5. Declarations ……… 14

CHAPTER III. ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN THE MOVIE DESPICABLE ME 1: SUPERBAD, SUPERDAD AND THE MOVIE DESPICABLE ME 2: WHEN THE WORLD NEEDED A HERO, THEY CALLED A VILLIAN A. Data Description………. 16

B. Data Analysis………. 19

CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion……….. 28

B. Suggestion……….. 28

BIBLIOGRAPHY………. 29


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1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study

There is a thing in human life that can be a special tool in life. It can help people to socialize and communicate with other people. That is a language. Every country on earth has a language. They are very proud to use and introduce their

language to other people. So, as Wardhaugh said, “The language will be a

precious thing to the people who use it.”1

In this contemporary world, the use of languages has grown rapidly. Humans tend to use language as a form of expression of what they feel or what they think. Conversation is the thing that we usually do in social life. It is conducted in our daily life because it is the central or the most basic kind of language usage of human. A good conversation is when the hearer understands the purpose of the

speaker’s utterance. It will be a problem if the hearer has a wrong interpretation. In this century, the use of language is spread in movies. Movies are growing with the supports of advanced technology. With these technologies, we will create more real and vivid visuals. These will enhance or encourage human to make more movies, and the support of the use of language can make them to be an interesting. In this case, the speech plays an important role to make films to be more attractive and interesting because it helps human to say something but mean differently. In a movie dialogue, sometimes, we will see an actor stating his

1

Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Socialinguistics 5th ed.(Oxford:Blackwater Publisher,2006),p.342.


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intention with a strange utterance. It confuses the viewers. So, how the viewers understand the movie if they do not understand all the meanings of the utterances that take place in that movie?

In 1960, a group of English philosophers, led by J.L. Austin, developed a framework for understanding how language is used. It is called speech act theory. This theory treats speech as action taken by the speaker in the context associated with a receiver.2“ Pertuturan merupakan seluruh komponen bahasa dan non bahasa yang meliputi perbuatan bahasa yang utuh, pelaku didalam percakapan, bentuk penyampaian, topic dan konteks.”3 In other words, speech act theory tries to explain how speakers use language to achieve the intended actions and how the hearers infer intended meaning form what is said.4 Speech act is divided into 3 types: locutionary acts, illocutionary acts and acts perlocutionary act.

The lack of understanding towards an utterance always happens in conversation because there is always a purpose or objective from the speaker. So, every utterance that we produce or hear has meaning according the condition.

Utterance can be found in the dialogue of a movie. To analyze the perlocutionary acts, the writer has chosen the data derived from the movie script Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud because this film gets award like BAFTA awards, and Kids Choice Awards and

3

Kushartanti, PesonaBahasa.(Jakarta: PT GramediaPustakaUtama, 2007),h.109. 4

SararFarourAltikriti, Speech Act Analysis to Short Story. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol.2, No 6. 2011.p.1374.


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also the funny character in those movies; which are the minions. In this movie, there are some unexpected perlocutionary act reaction of the illocutionary acts of the speaker?

.The films show illocutions that have different perlocutionary act. It will be a big problem for children if they do not understand why these situations happen in those movies.

As we know, we have to be careful when explaining something to the children because they do not know the purpose of the utterance of adults. Therefore, in this research the writer would like to find the reasons why some illocutionary acts found in the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian cannot fulfill the expected perlocutionary acts of the speaker.

B. Focus of Study

In this research, the writer will focus on the unexpected perlocutionary acts reaction of the speaker’s illocutionary acts using Speech Act Theory by John L. Austin and John Searle in the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud .

C. Research Questions


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1. Why do the hearer in the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian not give the expected reaction of the speaker’s illocutionary acts?

D. Significance of the Study

The writer hopes that through this research, the readers will get more knowledge in the fields of speech acts especially on locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts. Moreover, the research is expected to give contribution for people to understand the processes of different perlocutionary acts. The research also is expected to give a deeper understanding of the plot of the whole story and the messages delivered in Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian..

E. Research of Methodology

1. Objectives of the Research

The purpose of this study is to describe the use of perlocutionary acts in the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian.

2. The Method of Research

Based on the research question and objective of the research above, the method used is descriptive qualitative. Descriptive qualitative is the method of research used to describe nature phenomenon happened and relevancies between


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one phenomena and others.5 The method of descriptive qualitative is used by the writer is content analysis. Content analysis is any technique for making inferences by systematically and objectively identifying specified characteristics of messages.6 This method is used to look for the processes of the different perlocutionary acts.

Then, the writer will describe the data which will answer the research questions of data analysis which will answer the two research question of data analysis above.

3. The Techniques of Data Analysis

Collected data is analyzed using Speech act theory by J.L. Austin and John Searle. The research is approached by following steps:

a. Watching the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian.

b. Reading the whole dialogue on script.

c. Taking notes and marking the dialogues related to locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutinary act on script and analyzing them. d. Taking the conclusion of data which have been collected.

5

Muhammad Farkhan. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. (Edisi Revisi, Jakarta: Adabia Press. 2011), p.4.

6

Ole R. Holsti. Content Analysis. In G. Lindzey & E. Aaoroson (eds), The Handbook of Social Psychology. (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. 1986), p. 601.


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4. The Instruments of Research

In this research, the writer uses himself as the main research instrument through reading, identifying, collecting the dialogue and making it as data by using Speech act theory based on J.L Austin and John Searle concerning locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutinary act in the dialogue

5. Units of Analysis

The unit of analysis of this research is scripts from movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud released in 2010 and Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero , They Called a Villian , directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud and released in 2013. Both films were distributed by Walt Disney Picture.


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7 CHAPTER II

THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research

The idea on writing this thesis is based on some linguistics books that supply relevant information to the topic. The writer listed some of the result of previous studies by several researchers that had ever been read by the writer. The following related research of the perlocutionary acts research was conducted by Kang Qiang with titled „On Perlocutionary Acts’. His research tells us about introduction of perlocutionary acts and gives explanation about the kind of effect of perlocutionary acts in people, the theory, and the aspect of perlocutionary acts.1 It means his research focuses in giving explanation about perlocutionary acts deeply

The study was conducted by Yuanita Devy Kuspriyanti and Dewi Retno Sari with the title „Illocution and Perlocution Analysis on the Main Character

Conflicts in An Ideal Husband’. In this study, the researchers focus on the main characters conflicts in An Ideal Husband by Oscar Wilde. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach. As the data, the researchers used the fragments

of the main characters in An Ideal Husband drama’s script. Based on the result of the research, they found out that asking, command, and giving explanation were

1

Kang Qiang. On Perlocutionary Acts. Journal of Language and Literature Vol.6 (1), 25 January 2013 (China: University of Changchun , Changchun), pp.60-64.


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caused conflict on the main character. They also found representative, expressive and directive, which used by the main characters.2

P.E Akhiemien, student of Lagos State University, was conducted

Perlocution: Heeling the “Achilleas’ Heel” of Speech Act Theory’. This paper sets „Heel the “Achilleas’ Heel” of Speech Act Theory’- perlocution. The paper addresses that the cause of perlocutionary act derived from the illocutionary act which is in combination with the context of utterance. A major finding of this paper is that previous Speech Act analysis did not give context a serious consideration in their study of perlocution leading them into philosophical blind alleys. The paper therefore argues for a serious consideration to be given to context for an accurate description perlocutionary acts.3

1. Speech Act

The theory of speech act improves from development of study pragmatics which has known as study of ability in language usage which has to adjust with the context.4 The differences between the theory of speech act by Austin, Searle, and others in giving classification speech act will be useful for understanding the words of speech act.

The theory of Speech act was introduced firstly by Austin in 1956 that was created from his thesis. J.O. Urmson published it in a book “ How to Do Thing

2

Yuanita Devy Kuspriyanti and Dewi Retno Sari.Illocution and Perlocution Analysis on the Main Character Conflicts in An Ideal Husband. Journal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris.

Vol.1,No.1, April 2013 pp26-32 (STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo) 3

P.E Akhimien. „Perlocution: Heeling the “Achilleas’ Heel” of Speech Act Theory’s.

Vol.XXXV ,2010 (Nigeria: State University of Lagos, Lagos), pp.1-16.

4

Tun Nur Afizah Zainal Ariff dan Ahmad Ibrahim Mugableh, “Speech Act of Promising among Jordan,”h.248.


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with Words?”5 Then, this theory was developed by Searle to publish a book Speech Acts: “ An Essay in the Philosophy of Language”. He argues that the communication is not just symbols, words or sentences, but it would be more appropriate if the so-called product or product of emblem, word or phrase in the form of speech act behavior.

The actual speech act considers five aspect situations of speech that includes: speaker and hearer, the context of the speech, the purpose of speech, speech acts as an action / activity and verbal utterances as acts of products.6 Speech acts are the basis for analysis other pragmatic topics as presupposition, conversational implicature, cooperative principle and politeness principle. Pragmatic assessment that does not base its analysis on the speech act is not a pragmatic assessment within the meaning of truth.

1. Locutionary

Locutionary acts are basic actions in an utterance; act says something with words and meaning of the sentence in accordance with the meaning of that word in the dictionary and the meaning of the sentence according to the rule.7 Focus locution is the meaning of spoken utterances, not questioning the purpose or function of the speech. For examples:

Diana: the time now is 07.00 a.m. Sonia!!

Sonia: Ok. Let’s go to school.

5

Jacob L. Mey, Pragmatics: An Introducing 2nd ed.(Oxford: Blackwater Publisher, 2001),h.92.

6

Geoffrey Leech . Principles of Pragmatics .New York: Longman Inc. 1983. P.4.

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Based on the example, we know that Diana tells to Sonia that the time is 07.00 a.m. So, the meaning of illocution is the time is 07.00 a.m. because locutionary only focuses on the meaning of utterance.

2. Illocutionary

Pragmatics considers the language in a more concrete level than grammar.

In short, speech is considered as a form of activity or a speech acts. In Austin’s

opinion, Illocutionary is doing something that had the purpose and function or power of speech. 8 So, it means the utterance of speaker has hope to the hearer to do something.

Illocutionary acts are speech acts that serve to tell or inform something and used to do something. For examples of illocutionary act is "hot air". This utterance has purpose that the speakers asked the hearer to open the door immediately, or turn on the fan. So it is clear that the speech contains a specific intent addressed to the hearer. For example in a dialogue:

Diana: the time now is 07.00 a.m. Sonia!!

Sonia: Ok. Let’s go to school.

Based on example above, we know that Diana tells to Sonia that time is 07.00

a.m. But, based on illocutionary acts’s meaning that Diana invites to Sonia to go

to school because the study in school will begin on 07.10 a.m. This explaining shows that illocutionary acts and locutionary acts are different.

8


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3. Perlocutionary

The utterances of speakers often have an effect or influence power. The effect produced by the utter something that is by Austin called perlocutionary.9 The effect or reaction of the hearer from the utterance of the speaker is an act of perlocutionary. There are some verbs that can be sign of perlocutionary act. They are persuading, receiving, pushing, annoy, frighten, delight, embarrassment, attract attention, and others. Examples:

Diana: the time now is 07.00 a.m. Sonia!!

Sonia: Ok. Let’s go to school

Based on the example, the answer of Sonia is the effect from the utterance of Diana or known as perlocutionary acts.

Sometimes, in the conversation, we face an illocutionary acts which has a different perlocutionary acts. It happens because a factor, situation and social relationship of the hearer. Example:

Sealer: cookies for sale!

Jony: I am sorry. I have a bunch of bread

In other situation with different person:

Sealer: Miss, we made cookies. Do you want buy them?

Rosy: Hmmm…the smell is good. I take all them.

9

Joshua c. Stone, Triadic to Trinitarian: Kevin J. Vanhoozer’a Application of J.L. Austin’s Speech


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Based two conversations above, we know that the sealer gets different perlocution acts from different buyers. From the first buyer, he cannot buy cookies because he has the bread. But, the second buyer buys the cookies because he does not buy anything to eat and he is interesting with the smell from the cookies.

For the conclusion we know that situation of hearer is the reason why the different perlocution acts happens in conversation.

B. Classification of Illocutionary Acts

In connection with the above definition of speech acts, illocutionary acts are classified into five types by Searle. The five types of illocutionary acts are representative, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarations.

1. Representative

Representative is a speech act that binds the speaker to the truth of the things he said.10 This type of speech act is also referred to as assertive speech acts. That includes this type of speech act is a speech states, demanding, admits, shows, reports, testified, speculating. 11 For examples from the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad " recently, an entire top-secret lab disappeared from the Arctic Circle. ". from that example we know he reported a lab was disappear from the Arctic Circle. The speech includes speech acts containing information representative because the speakers are bound by the truth of the contents of the

10

Charles F. Meyer, Introducing English Lingusitics. (New York: Cambridge University Press.2009),.p.50


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speech. Speakers are responsible that the spoken utterance was indeed a fact and can be proven in court that the studious sister and always get first rank in his class.

2. Directives

Directive speech act is a speech act that has purpose to the hearer does what the speaker says. Directive speech act also known as speech act impositif.12 For example to the speech acts of this kind include speech asking for, invite, insist, suggest, urge, enjoin, charge, commanding, urging, pleading, challenging, and gesture.13 For example from the movie Despicable Me:“You can leave now. ". That utterance means than a minions has to leave him because he is very busy now. The examples included in the speech act type of directive because it is spoken utterances that the speaker intended to perform the appropriate action described in his utterance help repair tasks. Directive speech is an indicator of the presence of an action taken by the hearer after hearing the speech.

3. Expressive

This speech act is also called evaluative speech acts. Expressive speech act is a speech act that the speaker intended that his utterance interpreted as an evaluation of the things mentioned in the speech, including speech thanked,

12

Jacob L. Mey, (2001), op.cit.p.120

13


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complain, congratulate, flatter, praise, and criticize.14 For example “Yes, that's

good “. That utterance from the movie Despicable Me is a kind of people’s way to praising of someone does. Hence, the utterance "I work hard for money, but the results are still not able to provide for the family". The speech is expressive speech acts complained of which can be interpreted as an evaluation of his utterance, namely the search for money that the results are not always able to meet the needs of family life.

4. Commissive

Commissive speech act is a speech act that binds the speaker to carry out all the things mentioned in the utterance, for example, swear, promising, stating ability, and vow.15 For example from the movie Despicable me: "Oh, yes. My pinky promises. ". That utterance means he will fulfill what he promises to someone. So, this statement makes binds the speaker to carry out the mandate as well as possible. This had repercussions for him to fulfill what had been his utterance.

5. Declaration

Declaration is the speech of making an official statement about something (status, state, etc.). This type is an impressive speech with intention, deciding, cancel, forbids, grant, permit, classify, lifting, forgive, and forgive.16The

following example from the movie Despicable me: “Yes, I have been recruited by

14

Jacob L. Mey, (2001), op.cit.p.120

15

Sahar Four Altikriti, Speech Act Analysis to Short Story. Journal Language Teaching and Research, 2011.p. 1376.


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a top-secret agency. It means he decides to receive a new job to be a top-secret agency. This kind of illocutionary act also makes a new status of someone like marriage or divorce.


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A. DATA DESCRIPTION

As in the previous chapter, the focus of thesis research is unexpected reaction acts of hearer from illocutionary acts of speaker. This chapter will explain analysis of the script of the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian which were directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud.

Table 1. Table of different Perlocutionary Acts

No

Data Illocutionary

Classification Timeline 1 a. Children: Cookies for sale

(offer cookies)

Gru : Go away. I'm not home

b. Children: We're selling cookies so, you know, we can have a better future Vector: Ooh! Wait, wait! Do you have coco-nutties? Commisive (Offering) 00:06:01,356 --> 00:06:03,232 (00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:07,569 00:25:08,960 --> 00:25:12,213 00:25:12,297 --> 00:25:15,132 2

a. Gru : Cookie robots!

Dr. Nevario : Who is this?

Representative (Asserting)

00:25:47,249 --> 00:25:49,208 00:25:49,292 -->


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b. Gru : Cookie robots! I said cookie robots.

Dr. Nevario : Okay. I'm on it. 00:25:51,710 00:34:38,446 --> 00:34:41,114 00:34:46,746 --> 00:34:48,372 3 a. Gru : Okay, bedtime.

Children: Aw!

b. Gru : Come on now, it's bedtime.

Children : But we're not tired! Directive (Ordering) 00:39:56,847 --> 00:39:58,348 00:39:58,432 --> 00:39:59,766 01:02:09,595 --> 01:02:11,096 01:02:25,194 --> 01:02:26,528 4

a. Agnes: Will you read us a bedtime story? Gru : No!

b. Agnes: Will you read us a bedtime story? Gru : Fine

Directive (Requesting) 00:40:31,132 --> 00:40:34,300 00:40:31,132 --> 00:40:34,300 01:02:27,989 --> 01:02:30,240 01:02:52,346 --> 01:02:54,306 5 a. Gru: So, good night, sleep

tight, and don't let the bed bugs bite

Children: He's just kidding, Agnes.

b. Gru: Good night, sleep tight, don't let the bedbugs blah-blah-blah Commisive (Threaten) 00:40:41,976 --> 00:40:45,603 00:40:55,406 --> 00:40:57,574 00:31:05,947 --> 00:31:08,791 00:31:08,867 --> 00:31:09,914


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Children: Whoa!

6 a. Children: Oh, come on. It's fun.

Gru: No! Stop! No one is ever

getting out there! Ever!

b. Lucy: This is fun

Gru : Yes. Surprisingly, it was. Expressive (Praising) 00:23:52,973 --> 00:23:54,816 00:23:56,852 --> 00:24:00,072 00:56:10,826 --> 00:56:12,078 00:56:12,160 --> 00:56:15,004

7 a. El Macho: Oh, oh! I'm sorry. Pollito is usually very friendly.

Gru: Well, we really should be going. Girls, come on. b. El Macho: Lucia, I

apologize. The same thing happened the other day with Gru, and...

Lucia: Oh, well, speaking of Gru, um, have you seen him? I really need to talk to him. Expressive (Apoligizing) 00:48:09,804 --> 00:48:13,684 00:48:18,896 --> 00:48:21,615 01:13:17,560 --> 01:13:19,403 01:13:28,988 --> 01:13:33,585


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B. Data Analysis

From the data above, the writer analyzes the script of the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian which were directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud. The writer uses the theory of Speech act introduced by J.L. Austin and John Searle which consists of locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts, but in this research the writer focused on perlocutionary acts. It will be analyzed through the locutionary acts, illocutionary acts, and perlocutionary acts. These are the analyses:

Datum (1)

1) Addresser & addressee: Gru and Children

2) Setting: In Gru’s home

3) Relationship: Gru as Buyer and Children as Sellers

Children : Cookies for sale! (Offering)

Gru : Go away. I'm not home. Children : Yes you are I Heard You

Gru : No. you did not. This is a recording.

The utterance Go away. I'm not home means he does not want to buy the cookies because he buys a muffin from bread shop before. So, he orders the children to go away from his home.

1) Addresser & addressee: Vector and Children

2) Setting: In Vector’s home

3) Relationship: Vector as Buyer and Children as Sellers

Children : We're selling cookies so, you know, we can have a better future (Offering)


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Children : Yeah.

From the fact above, we know that the answer of hearer is not like what is expected by the speaker because the first person has a muffin before. However, the second person really likes cookies. So, those reasons are background why those illocutionary acts do not fulfill the expected of perlocutionary acts.

From the context, the same illocutionary acts is offering. Based on the comparison of the conversation above, we can conclude that the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different condition. Gru already have a cake while Vector has not it because it will be different perlocutionary act.

Datum (2)

1) Addresser & addressee: Dr. Nevario and Gru

2) Setting: in Front of Vector’s home

3) Relationship: Dr. Nevario as friend and Gru as Friend

Gru : Dr Nefario! I'm going to need a dozen tiny robots disguised as cookies!

Dr. Nevario : What?

Gru : Cookie robots! (Asserting)

Dr. Nevario : Who is this? Gru : Oh, Forget it.

Gru gives explaining that he wants cookis robots. However, Dr. Nevario answers Who is this?. The answer of Dr. Nevario tells to Gru that he does not listen clearly. So, the communication between them does not work well.

1) Addresser & addressee: Dr. Nevario and Gru


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3) Relationship: Dr. Nevario as friend and Gru as Friend

Dr. Nevario : A dozen boogie robots! Boogie! Look at this. Watch me!

Gru : Cookie robots! I said cookie robots. (Asserting)

Dr. Nevario : Okay. I'm on it.

Gru is disappointed with Dr. Nevario that he wants cookies robots not

buggies robot. So he says “Cookie robots! I said cookie robots” to give understanding to Dr. Nevario. Based on the fact, Dr. Nevario has problem in listening. So, he does not listen well. However, when meeting directly, he will understand the purpose. So, those reasons are background why those illocutionary acts do not fulfill the expected of perlocutionary acts.

From the context, the same illocutionary act is asserting Based on the comparison of the conversation above, we can conclude that the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different condition. The first conversation occurs over the phone so it can happen any time of hearing to communicate while the second conversation happened to meet in person and the speaker can explain it well. Therefore there will be different perlocutionary act.

Datum (3)

1) Addresser & addressee: Children and Gru

2) Setting: Gru’s home

3) Relationship: Children as his children and Gru as their father Gru : Wow, wow

Edith : It was your cousin’s idea

Gru : What? Okay, bedtime. (Ordering)


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Because the children know that time is late night and they are tired. So, they only say Aw. It means they understand what Gru’s purpose from his utterance.

1) Addresser & addressee: Children and Gru

2) Setting: Gru’s home

3) Relationship: Children as his children and Gru as their father

Gru : Come on now, it's bedtime. (Ordering)

Children: But we're not tired. Gru : Well, I am tired.

The utterance But we're not tired has meaning that they do not want sleep now because they are not tired.

From the fact above, the answer of hearer is not like what is expected by the speaker because the children are not tired and time does not show lately. So, those reasons are background why those illocutionary acts do not fulfill the expected of perlocutionary acts.

From the context, the same illocutionary acts is ordering. Based on the comparison of the conversation above, we can conclude that the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different condition. The first conversation aims to protest over ignorance that they do not have a second conversation while mean that they do not want to sleep now. Therefore there will be different perlocutionary act.

Datum (4)

1) Addresser & addressee: Gru and Agnes


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3) Relationship: Agnes as his child and Gru as her father

Agnes : Will you read us a bedtime story? (Requesting)

Gru : No!

Agnes : But we can't go to sleep without a bedtime story. Gru : Well, then it's going to be a long night for you, isn't it?

Based on the conversation above we know that Gru refuses what Agnes request because Gru is busy with his job to prepare stealing the moon. So, he says No! to Agnes.

1) Addresser & addressee: Gru and Agnes

2) Setting: Gru’s home

3) Relationship: Agnes as his child and Gru as her father

Agnes : Will you read us a bedtime story? (Requesting)

Gru : Fine

Agnes : What about good night kisses?

Gru : No, no. There will be no kissing or hugging or kissing.

Based on the utterance above we know that Gru will read a bedtime story before they sleep. It happens because they will disturb Gru in his work if he does not read it. It always happens to all parents in this world because children need something to make their sleep quietly. So, that the reason is background why those illocutionary acts do not fulfill the expected of perlocutionary acts.

.From the context, the same illocutionary acts is requesting. Based on the comparison of the conversation above, we can conclude that the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different condition. The first conversation aims to avoid a troublesome job because there are many things to be prepared while the latter aims to make children go to bed and do not interfere with the work unfinished. Therefore there will be different perlocutionary act.


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Datum (5)

1) Addresser & addressee: Children and Gru

2) Setting: Gru’s home

3) Relationship: Children as his children and Gru as their father

Gru : So, good night, sleep tight, and don't let the bed bugs bite (Threaten)

Children : He's just kidding, Agnes.

The conversation above is Gru only jokes to the children that the bugs will bite them when they sleep. It is a way of parent in education of their child. But, it will be worst way to give education for child because they will be scary of the bugs or they will not sleep well.

1) Addresser & addressee: Children and Gru

2) Setting: Gru’s home

3) Relationship: Children as his children and Gru as their father

Gru: Good night, sleep tight, don't let the bedbugs blah-blah-blah (Threaten)

Children: Whoa!

The utterance Whoa! Is the fact that the children study from their experience. So, they will not afraid again. It is the reason why those illocutionary acts do not fulfill the expected of perlocutionary acts.

Sometimes, the way of giving education to our children is not always right. So, as good parents, we must make different or interesting way in education our children.

From the context, the same illocutionary acts is asserting. Based on the comparison of the conversation above, we can conclude that the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different condition. The first


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conversation occurs as a form of Agnes entertaining conversation not to be afraid while the second occurred because the children already know the actions of ignorant Gru to scare them. Therefore there will be different perlocutionary act.

Datum (6)

1) Addresser & addressee: Gru and Children

2) Setting: Gru’s home

3) Relationship: Children as his children and Gru as their father

Children: Oh, come on. It's fun. (Praising)

Gru: No! Stop! No one is ever getting out there! Ever!

Gru is angry because he is scary that the past will happen again in date. So, the plan of blind date is not fun

Addresser & addressee: Gru and Lucy

Setting: Lucy’s home

Relationship: Lucy as his friend and Gru as her friend

Lucy: This is fun. (Praising)

Gru : Yes. Surprisingly, it was.

Gru agrees with Lucy because he loves Lucy. What they did with Lucy is very fun because also he will be with Lucy. Love changes a person with also his world. So, it is background why those illocutionary acts do not fulfill the expected of perlocutionary acts.

From the context, the same illocutionary acts is praising. Praising is shape of expression of psychological attitude of the speaker. Based on the comparison of the conversations above, we can conclude that the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different condition. The first conversation occurred with a view rejected as a bad thing happened the past while the second,


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Gru enjoyed it just happened because Gru liked it. Therefore there will be different perlocutionary act.

Datum (7)

1) Addresser & addressee: Gru and El Macho

2) Setting: El Macho’s restaurant

3) Relationship: El Macho as his friend and Gru as his friend

El Macho: Oh, oh! I'm sorry. Pollito is usually very friendly (Apoligizing). Gru: Well, we really should be going. Girls, come on.

Gru knows that El Macho’s pet see him last. So, he must leave quickly from that

restaurant. So, he only says Well, we really should be going. Girls, come on.

1) Addresser & addressee: Lucy and El Macho

2) Setting: El Macho’s house

3) Relationship: El Macho as her friend and Lucy as his friend

El Macho: Lucia, I apologize. The same thing happened the other day with Gru, and.. (Apoligizing).

Lucy: Oh, well, speaking of Gru, um, have you seen him? I really need to talk to him.

Based on the context above we know that Lucy looks for Gru. So, she does not care the asking pardon of El Macho because he really wants to meet Gru to State her feeling. The fact above is the reason why the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker. Sometimes, what people think, make people forget something or situation. This phenomenon always happens in our life.

From the context, the same illocutionary acts is apoligizing. Apoligizing is shape of expression of psychological attitude of the speaker. Based on the comparison of the conversation above, we can conclude that the the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different


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condition. The first conversation occurred to avoid or run away from problems before getting caught by El Macho while the second conversation occurred because Lucy rush to immediately meet Gru therefore he ignores the existing problems. Therefore there will be different perlocutionary act.


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In process of understanding the utterances in movie, there are many problems which is faced by the spectator especially the children. The common problem is the children cannot understand the purpose of conversation because they are not used to talking to adult. Based on research questions in chapter one, in this part the writer gives an answer about why the hearer in the movie Despicable Me 1: SuperBad, SuperDad and the movie Despicable Me 2: When The World Needed a Hero, They Called a Villian did not give the epected reaction of the illocutionary acts of the speaker.

After analyzing the data in chapter three, the writer draws some conclusions about his research. First, from selected data of some illocutionary acts, the writer founds the perlocutionary act is not like what is expected by the speaker in the different condition because from the past, the experience, or the background of the hearer.

These factors are very big influence of the perlocutionary acts that are expected by speaker. So, the reason the answer of hearer is not like expected by speaker relates the condition of the hearer.

B. Suggestion

Through this research, the writer suggests the other researchers can deeply analyze the data resulting in unexpected perlocutionary acts based on context in


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different media such as the advertisement, social media, or other written media. Moreover, for the researchers who are interested in speech acts, it is good to examine more on perlocutionary acts because there are only a few researchers elaborate on it. Then, the researchers who are interested in this topic, can analyze participants of the study from the past, the experience, or the background of the character to get the information in understanding of the conversation in the movie.

Finally, the writer hopes this research will be usefull for the future improvement of pragmatics study, basically perlocutionary acts theory used in this movie, especially Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.


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Altikriti, Sahar Four. 2011. Speech Act Analysis to Short Story. Journal Language Teaching and Research, Vol.2, No. 6.

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Kuspriyanti, Yuanita Devy and Sari, Dewi Retno. 2013. Illocution and Perlocution Analysis on the Main Character Conflicts in An Ideal Husband. Journal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Vol.1,No.1, pp26-32 (STKIP PGRI Sidoarjo) Levinson, Stephen C. Pragmatics. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1983. 48 Leech, Geoffrey . Principles of Pragmatics .New York: Longman Inc. 1983

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WEBSITES

En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Despicable_Me accesed at 07.58, November 21st 2014.

Rovi. Despicable me Synopsis. Fandango. Access from

http://www.fandango.com/despicableme3d_131098/plotsummary

Rovi. Despicable me 2 Synopsis. Fandango. Access from


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32 APPENDIX A. Synopsis Despicable me

A mysterious criminal mastermind has stolen one of the pyramids in Egypt, sparking a fit of jealous envy in evil genius Gru (Steve Carell), who hasn't managed to make headlines since he and his minions swiped the Times Square JumboTron years back. Ever since Gru was a little boy, he dreamed of going to the moon. Now, if Gru can just build a rocket and get his hands on a powerful shrink-ray, he can cement his reputation as the greatest thief who ever lived by stealing the Earth's satellite right out of the sky. But immediately after Gru heists the shrink-ray, the cunning super-nerd Vector (Jason Segel) swoops in and snatches it right out of his hands. Now, in order to claim the moon, Gru must first reacquire the weapon from Vector. Armed with the knowledge that his nemesis has a mean sweet tooth, Gru adopts cookie-selling orphans Margo (Miranda Cosgrove), Agnes (Elsie Fisher), and Edith (Dana Gaier) and commissions a new line of cookie robots from the evil Dr. Nefario (Russell Brand), his personal weapons specialist. But as Gru and his diminutive yellow minions prepare to carry out the biggest heist in history, something strange happens. Gru discovers that the three little girls who have come into his life are much more than simple pawns. They actually seem to care


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about Gru, and it turns out the scheming evildoer makes a pretty good father. When Gru realizes that his upcoming moon mission clashes with a ballet performance by the girls, he must decide what's more important -- being a present parent or cementing his nefarious reputation once and for all.1

B. Synopsis Despicable Me 2

Once upon a time, Gru (voice of Steve Carrell) dreamt of stealing the moon - these days he's a single adoptive father of three precocious girls. Having given up his spectacular life of crime, Gru now aims to produce a delicious new line of jams with the help of his tiny minions and his old pal Dr. Nefario (voice of Russell Brand). Feeling unfulfilled in his newfound role as a jam-maker, Dr. Nefario announces that he will be departing for more evil pastures just as Gru is approached by the Anti-Villain League to capture the mysterious culprit who just stole a top-secret research lab filled with PX 41 -- an experimental serum with the strength to transform harmless animals into

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Rovi. Despicable me Synopsis. Fandango. Access from


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ravenous monsters. The AVL is certain that the culprit is covering his tracks by posing as a small business owner at a local mall, and assign their best agent Lucy (Kristen Wiig) to aid Gru in identifying him. Meanwhile, Gru's oldest adopted daughter Margo (voice of Miranda Cosgrove) falls for rebellious teen Antonio (voice of Moises Arias), the leather-jacketed son of boisterous Mexican cantina owner Eduardo (voice of Benjamin Bratt). Now, with Gru's paternal instincts kicking into full gear just as a dastardly plot begins to unfold, the devoted new father must divide his time between saving the world from an enigmatic super-villain, and saving Miranda from total heartbreak. All the while, a suitable mother for the girls may have been standing right under Gru's pointy nose the entire time.2

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Rovi. Despicable me 2 Synopsis. Fandango. Access from


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