EXPRESSION OF POLITE REQUEST STRATEGY IN STUDENTS’ CONVERSATION AT SMP HIKMATUL FADHILLAH ISLAMIC SCHOOL MEDAN.

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EXPRESSION OF POLITE REQUEST STRATEGY IN

STUDENTS’ CONVERSATION

AT SMP HIKMATUL

FADHILLAH ISLAMIC SCHOOL MEDAN

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora By:

NURLAILI

Register Number: 8136112063

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

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i ABSTRACT

Laili, Nur. Expression of Polite Request Strategy in Students’ Conversation At SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School Medan. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2016

This thesis deals with Expression of Polite Request Strategy in Students’

Conversation At Hikmatul Fadhillah Medan. It especially focused on types of politeness strategies used by the students in conversation, how they expressed their strategies of polite request and why polite request strategies were realized the way they are in conversation. This study was conducted by descriptive qualitative research design. The data of the research are the utterances of request for information and request for action used by the students in conversation. The

source of the data was the students’ conversations in group discussion and presentation time. The data were the transcription of recorded observation and interview using audio recorder in classroom. The technique of data analysis by

using Bogdan and Biklen’ s technique following:: Working with data, organizing, breaking the data into manageable unit, synthesizing, searching for pattern, discovering what is important and what is to be learned, and deciding. The finding showed that firstly, three types of politeness strategies applied by the students in request for information, namely; bald on record, positive politeness and negative politeness. And four types of politeness strategies found in request for action, namely; bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness and off

record in the students’ conversation. Secondly, it was found that five of nine types

of request strategies in request for information, namely; mood derivable, explicit performative, suggestory formulae, query preparatory. And eight of nine types of request strategies in request for action, namely; mood derivable, explicitly performative, hedge performative, obligation statement, want statement, suggestory formulae, query preparatory, and mild hints. Thirdly, there are three reasons why polite request strategies were realized the way they are in conversation. it was used because of the limited vocabulary, their habit used politeness strategies because they feel relaxed and comfortable in conversation. Mood and also their counterparts in the school environment as the reasons can make them more polite in speaking each other.

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ii ABSTRAK

Laili, Nur. Ekspresi Strategi Permintaan Yang Sopan Dalam Percakapan Siswa di SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School Medan. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan.2016.

Tesis ini berkaitan dengan Ekspresi Strategi Permintaan Yang Sopan Dalam Percakapan dalam Percakapan Siswa di SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School Medan. Tesis ini di fokuskan pada tipe-tipe stratetegi kesopanan yang digunakan oleh siswa/ siswi dalam percakapan. Dan bagaimana ekpresi mereka dalam meminta sopan dan mengapa strategi permintaan sopan direalisasikan merekea seperti itu. Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian adalah semua ujaran-ujaran permintaan informasi dan permintaan untuk tindakan. Data di ambil pada saat kerja kelompok dan persentasi di dalam kelas. Data di transkrip dari semua rekaman yang menggunakan alat perekam suara. Teknik analisis data berdasarkan teori Bogdan dan Biklen yang cara kerjanya; Bekerja dengan data, mengorganisasikan, mengelompokkan data ke dalam unit yang akan dikelola, mensintesis, mencari pola, menemukan apa yang penting dan apa yang harus dipelajari, dan memutuskan. Hasil temuan pada penelitian, pertama; ditemukan tiga tipe strategi kesantunan dalam permintaan informasi, diantara; bald on record, positive politeness, dan negative politeness. Dan empat tipe strategi kesopanan dalam permintaan untuk tindakan, diantaranya; bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness dan off record. Kedua, di temukan lima tipe strategi meminta dalam permintaan informasi, diantaranya; mood derivable, explicit performative, suggestory formulae, query preparatory. Dan delapan strategi meminta dalam permintaan untuk tindakan, diantaranya; mood derivable, explicitly performative, hedge performative, obligation statement, want statement, suggestory formulae, query preparatory, and mild hints. Ketiga, alas an mengapa strategi permintaan sopan mereka realisasikan seperti itu karena, terbatasnya vokabulari, kebiasaan yang membuat mereka bisa berbicara sopan, kemudian Mood (suasana hati) yang selalu mereka ekpresikan untuk berbicara sopan dan juga lingkungan sesama mereka disekolah yang bisa membuat mereka lebih sopan dalam berbicara satu sama lain.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and foremost, the writer would like to praise and thank God for his never ending love in my life and his mercy in giving full patient and strength that has enable me to accomplish this thesis in order to fulfill one of requirements in obtaining the degree of Magister Humaniora from the English Applied Linguistics, Postgraduate Program from the State University of Medan.

The writer realizes that this thesis will not finished without support, motivation, guide, and contribution, and so on of others, therefore the writer would like to deliver her special thanks and appreciation to the persons who have mention below:

Special thanks are conveyed to her beloved husband, Al Azhar Koto, S.Pd. always support mentally and financially, motivation and endless praying. To her sons are Aqil Luthfi Azhar and Muazzam Dzikri Azhar, for his support and understanding. The deepest thanks are conveyed to her beloved parents, Rusli Nasution and Emmi Lubis for their support, motivation and endless praying. To her beloved all brothers and sisters for their endless praying and support during her study and finishing this thesis.

The writer would like to deliver a special thank, appreciation, and gratitude to the first advisor, Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S. and her second advisor Dr. Zainuddin, M. Hum. who have given her guidance, support and valuable input in process of writing this thesis, and also for their precious time in discussing, giving idea and suggestion since the beginning until completing this thesis.

The writer’ s great thank also to her reviewers or examiners, Prof. Dr.

Busmin Gurning, M.Pd., Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A., Ph.D., and Dr. Rahmad Husein, M. Ed. for their suggestions, criticisms, opinions, and improvements to

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this thesis. The writer also would like to express her thanks for all lecturers who teach her during the academic years of LTBI.

She also would like to deliver her appreciation and gratitude to the Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M. Hum. As the secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program, for their suggestion and administrative assistance during her study and completed this study and completed this thesis as well as complete her Master degree in English Applied Linguistic Study Program, Postgraduate School State University of Medan. And thank also dedicated to Bang Farid for his kindness at helping administration of LTBI.

Then, her gratitude goes to her friends as well (Suriati, Susilaningsih, Nurhamdiah Sipahutar, Umroh, Rafiqa Purba, Khairunnisa Siregar, Jamil Reza Naibaho, Miranda, Sumarni and Ahmad Ripai Rangkuti), and all friends in LTBI B3 XXII who had given encouragement in writing this thesis. And specially thank

to my cousin’ s Nur Azizah Parinduri who had accompany me to finish this thesis.

The writer would like to thanks to Head Master of SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School Medan, Budianto who has given opportunity to observe the students during they are in process learning in classroom.

Finally, this thesis is still far from being perfect in spite of fact that the writer has done her best in completing her work. For this reason, it is suggested for other researchers to make further study related to this topic and subject.

Medan, June, 2016 The writer

NURLAILI

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 3.1 ... 32

Table 3.2 ... 32

Table 4.1... 37

Table 4.2... 48

Table4.3 ... 48

Table 4.4... 50

Table 4.5... 56

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LIST OF GRAPHICS

Graph. 4.1... 49 Graph. 4.2... 57

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix I... 71

Appendix II ... 79

Appendix III ... 80

Appendix IV... 81

Appendix V ... 89

Appendix VI... 90

Appendix VII ... 91

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1 CHAPTEPR I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Background of the Study

Being polite is important in people’ s life because someone’ s personality

can be judged and seen through the way he or she constructs politeness strategy. Therefore, learning about politeness strategy is considered as important. The term politeness is a term equal to the term linguistic politeness. However, the term politeness is more commonly used in the general public, while the term linguistic politeness is more use in the academic world. Politeness is one of the values upheld in every society in the world. The characteristic of politeness is universal.

According to Watt (2005) stated that there is not a human society that does not utilize the communication strategy to avoid friction interpersonal, to avoid conflict, minimizing conflict, as well as to improve comfort and understanding. The politeness will reflect and universal in the way to communicate. In addition, the nature of the universality of politeness also meaningful in any society, there are forms of social behavior which is classified as a partnership. Where, Watt called ita cooperative social interactionanddisplaying considerationfor others.

According to Brown and Levinson's explanation that defines that linguistic politeness is a communication strategy to avoid the threatening advance of others in an effort to meet the positive face and negative face communication of individual participants (Brown and Levinson: 1992). It means, the politeness was really needed to avoid any misunderstandings, to build a good relationship and also to have a good social interaction with other people in the world.

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In conclude, politeness linguistics are pursue a strategy or system to communicate with each individual to smooth interaction of communication and making others feel comfortable in communicating with one another. Politeness strategy was also used in making request. In communication, both of speaker and hearer used politeness in requesting. Request was one of the classifications of speech act that concern with the act of asked for something or asked someone to do something.

Request is a speech act expression the speaker’ s desire for the hearer to do

something with the added proviso that the hearer takes this expressed desire as the reason to act, Bach and Harnish (1984: 48). Based on Bach and Harnish’ s

definition, Kuang et al. (2006) redefined request as verbal instruction performed by the speaker expression a desire for the addressee to do a particular thing and usually aim for the addressee to intend to do it and actually to do it.

According to Reiter (2000: 35), a request is prevented act that expresses a

speaker’ s expectation about some prospective action. There are categorized the request. The goals of a request include action (e.g., “can you open the door?”), goods (e.g., “can you pass me the sugar?”), information (e.g., “do you know who our teacher is going to be this semester?”), and permission (e.g., “may I leave early?”), and the appropriateness of a particular goal is determine by social norms of the society in which the speech act is made.

Politeness is a way to request politely by using appropriate utterances or strategy in society. Brown and Levinson divide four types of politeness strategy, and Blum-Kulka, House and Kasper (1989) developed a scale in the Cross Culture Speech Act Realization Project (CCSARP). The scale is composed of nine

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subcategories grouped into three broad categories of request strategies depending on the degree of directness.

In Sukamto (2012), in his research “Polite Request byKorean Learners of

Indonesian”, he found that the cross-culture as aspect different between Korean learners and Indonesian learners in used polite request. The Indonesian learners more polite in use polite request than the Korean Learners in campus interaction. And the Korean learners of Indonesian are that they do not have adequate knowledge in using politeness strategy in the target language. And the Korean learners more used negative face to hearer while the Indonesian learners use positive face depends on the situation. It can be that the use politeness in polite request depends of situation and culture has every nation.

SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School is one of Islamic school in Medan if where the students are classified to adolescence still need guidance and direction as to speak to others. An interesting aspect of adolescence is that people in this age tend to detach themselves from childhood, and at the same time they do not consider themselves as adults. They are neither an adult nor a child; they are something in between, teenagers, which is important issue to show the society. In finding their role in society, and creating an adult identity, they express their group belongings through their speech, appearance and behavior. From the data obtained, the students can polish their request in action rather than in information which is in line with their age who still emotional and also their level of politeness in asking can be seen from the upbringing of their parents (family social norms). For instance;Bagaiaman ya kalimat yang mudah kita buat?. It showed the request for information the speaker used Use group identity marker (positive politeness)

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to ask the hearer to get information. The speaker tried to use politeness strategies when she/ he want to get information so that the harmony situation can they keep during conversation. And in the request for action, for instance;Bisa kita translate sama-sama yuk artinya ini?. It showed that the speaker used include both S and H in the activity strategy. The speaker has efforted to use politeness strategy when the speaker asked the hearer to do or to act something.

Politeness becomes one of important issues in Indonesian education recently. Nuh (2012), the education minister of Indonesia, assert that politeness of Indonesia students is in a state of decline. Most students speak impolitely and they prefer to use slang or informal language at school. Therefore, most of teacher has a responsibility to teach their students how to speak politely and admonish them if they speak impolitely at school especially during classroom interaction. However, there are still many students are still less polite in talking.

This study focuses on the expression of polite request strategy where the students can express their strategies to polish their language in polite request for actionand alsopolite request for informationin conversation. The student’ s effort

to polish their utterances and the Face Threatening Act (FTA) they used among them in conversation. When the speaker asks something to the hearer she/he efforts use the request that the hearers does not get angry, offended and ashamed. Whether they can polish their request depended on the topic and situation conversation.

Examples below show us some polite request for action and request for

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Request for action: “Friends, tolong kumpulkan tugasnya kedepan sekarang ya?” (Friends, please submit your task, now?). This utterance is Use in group identity marker and it shows the polite request strategy that the students used address form to convey in group membership. The address form use is generic name kawan-kawan (friends). And “kita pindahkan kursi ini sama-sama yuk?” (let’ s move the chairs together?). This utterance is, include both S and H in the activity and it shows that the students use an inclusive weform to soften their polite request in conversation that he/ she do the action together.

Request for information: “bagaimana kamu bisa menulis kesimpulan seperti itu?” this utterance is, assert S’ knowledge and concern for H’ s wants. It shows

that the students use strategy to get information of the answer.

All of examples show the polite request that express ability, wish or desire

in students’ conversation in classroom where FTA is an act that threatens the listener’ s face. ‘ Face’ means the public self-image that everyone wants to claim

for himself. Thus, politeness is needed to create a good environment in students’

conversation including harmony, solidarity among students, and comfortable atmosphere in the classroom.

The fact above motivate researcher to conduct a study dealing with

politeness strategies use in polite request strategy in students’ conversation in

classroom interaction to know whether the students of junior high school in especially in SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School Medan use the four types of politeness strategies and also use request strategies in polite request when they have conversation interaction in classroom.

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1.2 The Problems Of the Study

Based on the background of study the problems of the study formulated as the following:

1. What types of politeness strategies are applied by students in using polite request in conversation?

2. How do they express their strategies of polite request in conversation? 3. Why are polite request strategies realized the way they are?

1.3 Objectives of Study

The objective of this study referring to the three problems above:

1. to elaborate the types of politeness strategies by students in using polite request in conversation.

2. to describe the expression strategies of the students in using polite request in conversation.

3. to explain the reason for using of polite request strategies in conversation.

1.4 Scope of the Study

This main aspect of this study is to investigate the expression of polite request strategy used the students in conversation. In other works, the scope of the study is limited to the use of expression of polite request for information and polite request for action in conversation by the students in SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School Medan and in grade eight.

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1.5 Significance of the Study

by certain community, mainly the students’ conversation. This study is considered being useful initially to provide the information of what politeness strategies used by students when they are expressed their oral communication in polite request context of situation. Consequently, it was gave better understanding and new insight of how politeness strategies are related to the aspect of pragmatic study. This contribution was in turn give tentative framework for a comprehensive analysis of politeness.

Practically, the research findings were gave some contributions to sociolinguistic study in daily conversation.

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67 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION 1.1 Conclusions

After analyzing the data in the students’ conversation of SMP Hikmatul

Fadhillah Islamic School Medan, some conclusions are drawn as the following: (1) All types of politeness strategies were applied by the students in their

conversation, but the proportion of their occurance was not in the same

number. In request for information didn’ t find off record (0%) while Bald

on record is the highest percentage (55%) and positive politeness (38%) and negative politeness (7%) and in the request for action all types of

politeness strategies were applied in the students’ conversation, but the

proportion of their occurance was not in the same number. Bald on record just found (11%), the positive politeness is the highest (47%), negative politeness just found (40%) and the lowest is off record (1%).

(2) And there are five of nine types of request strategies in the theory by

House and Kasper in the students’ conversation found in the request for

information, namely; Mood Derivable (61%) is highest, and hedge performative (1%) is lowest, while Explixitly Performative (13%), Suggestory Formulae (15%), and Query Preparatory (10%). While in the request for action their expression found eight strategies and the number of the types are different, namely: Query Preparatory (60%) is highest, mid hints (1%) and Suggestory Formulae (1%). Mood Derivable (7%), Hedge Performative (19%), Explicitly Performative (3%), Wants Statements (7%), and Obligation Statements (2%).

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(3) The reasons were follows; first, the participants used their expression is Bald on resord because of the limited vocabulary. Second, their habit used politeness strategies because they feel relaxed and comprotable in conversation. Third, mood and also environment school as the reasons can make them more polite in speaking each other.

1.2 Suggestion

In relation to the conclusion above, suggestion are stated as the following. 1. It is suggested to students to introduce the theory of politeness strategies in

the conversation in classroom or in outside when they have communication each other that the students can apply the strategies to all people.

2. It is also important for other researchers to investigate wheather the

expression of polite request strategies in the adolescence’ s conversation in school area and in outside school area can applied the polite request strategies.

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REFERENCES

Amaroh, D. 2010.Tindakan Pengancaman Muka dan Strategi Kesopanan Dalam Rubric “Pembaca Menulis” Di Harian Jawa Pos (Kajian Pragmatik).Thesis. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Aubed, M. M. 2012.Polite Requests in English and Arabic: A Comparative Study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 916- 922, May 2012.

Bach, K., and Harnish, R. M. 1984.Linguistic Communication and Speech Act.Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press. Blum-Kulka, S, and House, J. 1989. Cross- culture and Situational Requesting

Behavior. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, and G. Kasper, Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies Pattern (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics, 5(3),196-213.

Bogdan, R. C., and Biklen, S. K. 1982. Qualitative Research For Education: An Introduction To Theory and Methods.Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Brown, P. and Levinson, S. 1987.Politeness, Some Universal in Language Usage.

Cambridge: Cambridge Univerity Press.

Chiravate, B. 2011. Politeness in English Request by Thai EFL Learners. The South Asian Journal of English Language Studies.Vol 17(2): 59-71. Kuang, C. H. D. Maya. K. and Zuraidah, Mohd Don. 2006. Requests: Voices of Malaysian children.Multilingua,25(1/2), 27-42.

Murni, S. 2013.Kesantunan Linguistik.Medan: Unimed Press.

Murni, S. 2009. Kesantunan Linguistik Dalam Ranah Sidang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Disertasi. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Nuh, M. 2012. Raih Prestasi, Junjung Tinggi Budi Pekerti. Jakarta:

Kemendikbud. Browsed on January 16 on

http://118.98.166.62/content/berita/utama/raih- prestas-2-2-2.html. Sukamto, E. K. 2012. Polite Request by Korean Learners of Indonesian.

Staduies in Literature and Language.Vol. 5, No. 2, 2012, pp. 1-9.

Tabaeifard, S. J. 2014. Politeness Strategies Employed by Iranian Teenagers While Complaining Their Peers in Their Conversations. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences.Vol. 8 (2): 211-213.

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Takezawa, C. 1995. Politeness and the Speech Act of Requesting in Japanese as A Second Language. Thesis. Department of Language Education.

Wardhaugh, R., & Brown, D. H. 1977.A Survey of Applied Linguistics. United States of America: The University of Michigan Press.

Winerta, V. 2012. An Analysis Of Politeness Strategies In Requesting Used In Real Human And Non-Human Conversation On “Avatar” Movie. Thesis. Padang: Universitas Negeri.

Xiaoning, Z. 2004.Politeness Strategies Used in English Request and Refusals by Chinese College EFL Learners. Published M.A Thesis. China: Foreign Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Central China Normal University. Youssef, A. MS. 2012. Study of Request Strategies Employed By Libyan and

Malay POSTGRADUATE Students at USM. International Journal of Learning & Development.Vol. 2, No. 2.

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1.2 The Problems Of the Study

Based on the background of study the problems of the study formulated as the following:

1. What types of politeness strategies are applied by students in using polite request in conversation?

2. How do they express their strategies of polite request in conversation? 3. Why are polite request strategies realized the way they are?

1.3 Objectives of Study

The objective of this study referring to the three problems above:

1. to elaborate the types of politeness strategies by students in using polite request in conversation.

2. to describe the expression strategies of the students in using polite request in conversation.

3. to explain the reason for using of polite request strategies in conversation.

1.4 Scope of the Study

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1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings are expected to be significant theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the research findings are expected to be able to apply the theories of linguistic politeness strategies, especially the spoken language is spoken medium by certain community, mainly the students’ conversation. This study is considered being useful initially to provide the information of what politeness strategies used by students when they are expressed their oral communication in polite request context of situation. Consequently, it was gave better understanding and new insight of how politeness strategies are related to the aspect of pragmatic study. This contribution was in turn give tentative framework for a comprehensive analysis of politeness.

Practically, the research findings were gave some contributions to sociolinguistic study in daily conversation.

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CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION 1.1 Conclusions

After analyzing the data in the students’ conversation of SMP Hikmatul Fadhillah Islamic School Medan, some conclusions are drawn as the following:

(1) All types of politeness strategies were applied by the students in their conversation, but the proportion of their occurance was not in the same number. In request for information didn’ t find off record (0%) while Bald on record is the highest percentage (55%) and positive politeness (38%) and negative politeness (7%) and in the request for action all types of politeness strategies were applied in the students’ conversation, but the proportion of their occurance was not in the same number. Bald on record just found (11%), the positive politeness is the highest (47%), negative politeness just found (40%) and the lowest is off record (1%).

(2) And there are five of nine types of request strategies in the theory by House and Kasper in the students’ conversation found in the request for information, namely; Mood Derivable (61%) is highest, and hedge performative (1%) is lowest, while Explixitly Performative (13%), Suggestory Formulae (15%), and Query Preparatory (10%). While in the request for action their expression found eight strategies and the number of the types are different, namely: Query Preparatory (60%) is highest, mid hints (1%) and Suggestory Formulae (1%). Mood Derivable (7%), Hedge Performative (19%), Explicitly Performative (3%), Wants Statements (7%), and Obligation Statements (2%).

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1.2 Suggestion

In relation to the conclusion above, suggestion are stated as the following. 1. It is suggested to students to introduce the theory of politeness strategies in

the conversation in classroom or in outside when they have communication each other that the students can apply the strategies to all people.

2. It is also important for other researchers to investigate wheather the expression of polite request strategies in the adolescence’ s conversation in school area and in outside school area can applied the polite request strategies.

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Amaroh, D. 2010.Tindakan Pengancaman Muka dan Strategi Kesopanan Dalam Rubric “Pembaca Menulis” Di Harian Jawa Pos (Kajian Pragmatik).Thesis. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Aubed, M. M. 2012.Polite Requests in English and Arabic: A Comparative Study. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 916- 922, May 2012.

Behavior. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House, and G. Kasper, Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies Pattern (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics, 5(3),196-213.

Cambridge: Cambridge Univerity Press.

Murni, S. 2013.Kesantunan Linguistik.Medan: Unimed Press.

Murni, S. 2009. Kesantunan Linguistik Dalam Ranah Sidang Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Disertasi. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Nuh, M. 2012. Raih Prestasi, Junjung Tinggi Budi Pekerti. Jakarta:

Kemendikbud. Browsed on January 16 on

http://118.98.166.62/content/berita/utama/raih- prestas-2-2-2.html. Sukamto, E. K. 2012. Polite Request by Korean Learners of Indonesian.

Staduies in Literature and Language.Vol. 5, No. 2, 2012, pp. 1-9.

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Takezawa, C. 1995. Politeness and the Speech Act of Requesting in Japanese as A Second Language. Thesis. Department of Language Education.

Wardhaugh, R., & Brown, D. H. 1977.A Survey of Applied Linguistics. United States of America: The University of Michigan Press.

Winerta, V. 2012. An Analysis Of Politeness Strategies In Requesting Used In Real Human And Non-Human Conversation On “Avatar” Movie. Thesis. Padang: Universitas Negeri.

Malay POSTGRADUATE Students at USM. International Journal of Learning & Development.Vol. 2, No. 2.

EXPRESSION OF POLITE REQUEST STRATEGY IN STUDENTS’ CONVERSATION AT SMP HIKMATUL FADHILLAH ISLAMIC SCHOOL MEDAN.