Steps of Writing Writing Skill

13 Stroke This mark may be used to show alternatives, it is open replaced by the word or Harmer, 2004:148.

2.2.4 Steps of Writing

Writing is used for a wide variety of purposes, it is produced in many different forms. In writing needs a process where the writer goes through in order to produce something in its final written form. Harmer 2004:5 suggests that the process of writing has four elements: 1 Planning Experienced writers plan what they are going to write. According to Harmer 2004:4 ―when planning, the writers have to think about three main issues. In the first place they have to consider the purpose of their writing not only the type of the text but also the language they use, and the information they choose to include. Secondly, the writers think the audience they are writing for. Third, the writer has to consider the content structure of the piece that is how best to sequence the facts, ideas, or arguments which they have decided to include ‖. It means that the writers should have a good plan to make a writing product. 2 Drafting Harmer 2004:5 states that ―we can refer to the first version of a piece of writing as a draft. This first ‗go‘ at a text is often done on the assumption that it will be amended later ‖. As the writing process proceeds into editing, a number of drafts may be produced on the way to the final version. 3 Editing reflecting and revising Harmer 2004:5 assumes that ―once writers have produced a draft they then, usually, read through what they have written to see where it works and where it doesn‘t. Perhaps the order of the information is not clear. Reflecting and revising are often helped by other readers editors who comment and make suggestion. Another reader‘s reaction to a piece of writing will help the author to make appropriate revisions ‖. It means that in the editing element, writers may then move paragraphs around or write a new introduction or the also may use a different form of words for a particular sentence. 4 Final version Once writers have edited their draft, making the changes they consider to be necessary, they produce their final version. This may look considerably different from both the original plan and the first draft because things have changed in the editing process. But the writer is now ready to send the written text to its intended audience Harmer, 2004:5. Figure 2.1 The Process Wheel Harmer, 2004: 5 Planning Drafting Editing Final Version? Final Version

2.3 Concept of Written Language