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The percentage of pa ents fulfi lling the 1987 ACR criteria is shown in Figure 9. 78.3 fulfi ll the ACR criteria defi ni on for Rheumatoid Arthri s however a
signifi cant propor on fulfi ll less than 4 of the criteria.
5 10
15 20
25 30
35
4 22.5
34
1.8 20
5 6
7
21.7
78.3
≥ 4 ≥ 4
o f
p a
e n
ts
Number of ACR Criteria fulfi lled
Figure 9: Percentage of pa ents fulfi lling ACR criteria
3.2 DURATION OF DISEASE BEFORE DIAGNOSIS
Almost half of the pa ents were diagnosed late, that is more than a year a er the onset of symptoms. However, a signifi cant propor on of pa ents were
diagnosed between 1 to 6 months from symptom onset.
10 20
30 40
50
37.3
6 months 6 months
12 months
14 48.7
Number of months from symptom onset to diagnosis Figure 10: Distribu on of pa ents according to dura on of disease
before diagnosis
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Comparing professionals and non-professionals, it would appear that more professionals are diagnosed earlier, that is less than 6 months from disease
onset. However, even amongst the professionals, about 40 were diagnosed more than a year from the onset of symptoms.
12 months 6 to 12 months
6 months 20
40 60
80 100
120 N=102
40.2
15.59
44.11 49.67
13.81
36.52
Professional Non-Professional
N=898
Figure 11: Dura on of disease before diagnosis comparing professionals and non-professionals
3.3 ASSOCIATED MEDICAL PROBLEMS 3.3.1 MEDICAL
CO-MORBIDITIES
Among the medical condi ons, hypertension was the commonest co- morbidity with a prevalence of 36.2. This is slightly lower than the
na onal prevalence of 42.6 of hypertension in adults above 30 years of age 5. Next was hyperlipidaemia at 25.5 followed by diabetes at
16.1. The Na onal Health and Morbidity Survey in 2006 found that the prevalence of diabetes is 12 6. 6.1 of pa ents had been diagnosed
to have osteoporosis. Pep c ulcer disease and ischaemic heart disease were each reported in 3.9 of the pa ents.
The other medical condi ons with the reported fi gures are listed in Table 4.
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5 10
15 20
25 30
35 40
3.9 IHD
PUD Osteoporosis
DM Hyperlipidaemia
Hypertension 3.9
6.7 16.1
25.5 36.2
Figure 12: Associated co-morbidi es
Disease of pa
Ɵ ents
Fa y liver 2.3
Tuberculosis 1.2
Hepa s B 1.0
Stroke 0.6
Renal impairment 0.5
Hepa s C 0.2
Others 20.4
Table 4: Associated co-morbidi es
3.3.2 MALIGNANCIES
16 cases of malignancies were reported. The highest malignancy reported was breast cancer. The other malignancies to fi nd out what
the other malignancies are 4 other malignancies includes - kidney, brain, thyroid colon cancer
3.4 EXTRAARTICULAR MANIFESTATIONS
There are a number of extraar cular manifesta ons associated with Rheumatoid Arthri s. The commonest one seen in this pa ent cohort was keratoconjunc vi s
sicca followed by lung fi brosis and anaemia due to rheumatoid arthri s. 35
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pa ents had rheumatoid nodules. The percentages of pa ents with each extraar cular manifesta ons are listed below.
Manifesta Ɵ on
Numbers Percentage
Keratoconjunc vi s sicca 226
22.6 Inters al lung disease
61 6.1
Anaemia due to RA disease ac vity 37
3.7 Rheumatoid nodules
61 6.1
Eye infl amma on 8
0.8 Fever
5 0.5
Raynaud’s 4
0.4 Entrapment neuropathy
4 0.4
Atlanto-axial subluxa on 4
0.4 Cutaneous vasculi s
3 0.3
Mononeuropathy 2
0.2 Polyneuropathy
1 0.1
Felty’s syndrome 1
0.1 Cervical myelopathy
1 0.1
Pleural e ff usion
Pericardi se ff usion
Amyloidosis Lymphadenopathy
Others 9
0.9 Table 5: Extraar cular manifesta ons
3.5 DISEASE STATUS AT 1ST NOTIFICATION
The DAS28 score is used to assess pa ent’s disease ac vity. The DAS28 score is calculated based on the number of swollen and tender joints only 28 joints
are assessed, general health assessment using a pa ent visual analogue scale and either ESR or CRP. Pa ents are then categorized into either having low
DAS28 2.6 to 3.2, moderate DAS28 3.2 to 5.1 or high DAS28 5.1 disease ac vity states or in remission DAS29 2.6. Those whose DAS28 scores cannot
be obtained for various reasons were classifi ed as unknown. Nearly half of the pa ents in this cohort were in the moderate and high disease categories.