Penetapan kadar dan sebaran tingkat pencemaran logam berat dalam tanah di sekitar kawasan industri cikarang, Kabupaten Bekasi, Jawa Barat
PENETAPAN KADAR DAN SEBARAN TINGKAT
PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM TANAH
DI SEKITAR KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKARANG,
KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT
Oleh
RAHMAWATI
A24101055
PROGRAM STUD1 ILMU TANAH
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
2006
SUMMARY
RAHMAWATI. Detemination of Heavy Metals Content and Distribution of their
Pollution in Soils of Industrial Area of Cikarang, Bekasi Residence, West Java.
Supervised by ISKANDAR and UNTUNG SUDADI.
Uncontrolled disposal of pollutant substances such as heavy metals by
various industrial, domestic, transportation and agricultural activities into the
environment caused potential dangers for living organisms. Generally, heavy
metals are difficult to be dicomposed by soil microbes, thereby being accumulated
in the soil, plant, animal and human body through the food chain. This research
was aimed to determine the content of heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and
Zn and distribution of their contamination or pollution levels in soils of
agricultural fields located in the vicinity of industrial area of Cikarang, Bekasi
residence, West Java.
The soils sample were taken compositely at 0-10 cm depth in 21 sampling
points. Laboratory analyses were carried out to analyse the content of total soil
heavy metals (Aqua Regia, HCl and HN03 1 : 3) and heavy metal bioavailable
fraction (0.5 A4 N a O A c
+ 0.02
M EDTA), pH, organic matter, CEC and soil
texture. The soil heavy metal contamination/pollution level was evaluated based
on the C/p indext values calculated according to the procedure proposed by
Lacatusu (1998).
The total soil heavy metals content in the study area, except for Cr, were
above the normal ranges. The total content of soil Pb was 28.84-150.00 mgkg
with Clp indext of 0.25-1.38 (slight contamination-slight pollution). The total
content of soil Zn was 645.69-1293.65 mg/kg (Clp
=
2.76-6.88 or moderate-
severe pollution), Cd was 1.05-3 1.70 mglkg (C/p = 1.17-32.57 or slight-excessive
pollution), Cu was 17.44-90.61 mgkg (Clp
=
0.33-1.75
contamination-slight pollution), Co was 4.27-61.77 mgkg (Clp
or moderate
=
0.21-3.09 or
slight contamination-moderate pollution), Ni was 4.70-23.40 mgtkg (Clp = 0.040.39 or very slight-moderate contamination) and Cr was 5.60-18.83 mglkg (C/p =
0.03-0.13 or very slight-slight contamination).
The content of soil bioavailable fraction of Pb was 7.35-21.24 m a g or
11-74% of the total Pb content, while for Zn was 2.65-34.46 mgkg (0.2-4.4 %),
Ni was 0.35-2.97 mglkg (3.5-22 %), Cd was 0.43-0.99 mgkg (2-32 %), Co was
1.30-16.13 mgkg (23-42 %), Cu was 0.45-8.23 mgkg (2-10%) and Cr was 0.051.13 m a g (0.4-7 %).
Based on the values of the soil C/p indext, 6 locations of agricultural fields
in the study area were in the status of excessive polluted, 7 locations were very
severe polluted , 7 locations were severe polluted and 1 location was moderately
polluted with Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr heavy metal simultaneously.
PENETAPAN KADAR DAN SEBARAN TINGKAT
PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM TANAH
DI SEKITAR KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKARANG,
KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT
Skripsi
Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Pertanian pada Fakultas Pertanian
Institut Pertanian Bogor
Oleh
RAHMAWATI
A24101055
PROGRAM STUD1 ILMU TANAH
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
2006
RINGKASAN
RAHMAWATI. Penetapan Kadar dan Sebaran Tingkat Pencemaran Logam
Berat dalarn Tanah di Sekiiar Kawasan Industri Cikarang, Kabupaten Bekasi,
Jawa Barat. Dibimbing oleh ISKANDAR dan UNTUNG SUDADI.
Pembuangan mi-mi pencemar berupa logam berat yang tidak terkendali
oleh berbagai aktifitas industri, domestik, transportasi dan pertanian ke
lingkungan dapat menimbulkan bahaya potensial bagi makhluk hidup. Logam
berat secara urnurn sukar diuraikan oleh mikrob tanah, sehingga akan
terakumulasi dalam tanah, tanaman, hewan dan tubuh manusia ~nelaluirantai
rnakanan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan kadar dan sebaran tingkat
kontaminasilpencernaran logam berat Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb dan Zn dalam tanah
pada lahan-lahan pertanian di sekitar kawasan industri Cikarang, Kabupaten
Bekasi, Jawa Barat.
Contoh tanah diarnbil secara komposit pada kedalaman 0-10 cm di 21
lahan pertanian. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan terhadap kadar total logam berat
(Aqua Regia, HCI dan HNO3 1 : 3) dan logam berat mudah tersedia bagi tanaman
(0.5 M NH40Ac
+ 0.02 M EDTA), pH,
bahan organik, KTK dan tekstur tanab.
Tingkat kontaminasilpencemaran logam berat dalam tanah dievaluasi berdasarkan
nilai indeks Clp menurut prosedur yang diusulkan Lacatusu (1998).
Kadar total logarn berat dalam tanah di lokasi
..
penelitian, kecuali Cr,
berada di atas kisaran kadar normal. Kisaran kadar total untuk Pb adalah 28.84150 mgkg dengan nilai indeks Clp 0.25-1.38 (terkontaminasi rendah-tercemar
rendah), Zn sebesar 645.69-1293.65 mgkg (Clp
=
2.76-6.88 atau tercemar
sedang-tercemar berat), Cd sebesar 1.05-31.70 mgkg (Clp
=
tercemar rendah-hebat), Cu sebesar 17.44-90.61 mglkg (Clp
1.17-32.57 atau
=
0.33-1.75 atau
terkontaminasi sedang-tercemar rendah), Co sebesar 4.27-61.77 mgkg (Clp
=
0.21-3.09 atau terkontaminasi rendah-tercemar sedang), Ni sebesar 4.70-23.40
mgkg (Clp = 0.04-0.39 atau terkontaminasi sangat rendah-sedang) dan untuk Cr
sebesar 5.60-18.83 mgkg (Clp
rendah).
=
0.03-0.13 atau terkontaminasi sangat rendah-
Kisaran kadar logam berat mudah tersedia bagi tanaman untuk Pb adalah
7.35-21.24 mgkg atau 11-74 % dari kadar total Pb, Zn sebesar 2.65-34.46 mgtkg
(0.2-4.4 %), Ni sebesar 0.35-2.97 m&g (3.5-22 %), Cd sebesar 0.43-0.99 mgkg
(2-32 %), Co sebesar 1.30-16.13 mgkg (23-42 %), Cu sebesar 0.45-8.23 mgkg
(2-10%) dan Cr sebesar 0.05-1 .I3 mgkg (0.4-7 %).
Berdasarkan nilai indeks Clp, 6 lokasi lahan pertanian di daerah penelitian
berada dalam status tercemar hebat, 7 lokasi lahan tercemar sangat berat, 7 lokasi
lahan tercemar berat dan 1 lokasi lahan tercemar sedang terutama oleh logdm
berat Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, dan Cr secarzi simultan.
..
Y
Zemenrmgan dan keberhasilan
tidak akan dihidangkan di atas
dulang emas, tap; diperoleh
dengan air mata, darah, kerja
keras, keletihan, rasa lapar
dan kesulitan
&u
persembahknn karya in; ruk kasih
sayang yang tak pernah lekang, serta doe gang
tak techenti dari G a p & d m Jbu gang
Ananda eintai.
.:.
PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM TANAH
DI SEKITAR KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKARANG,
KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT
Oleh
RAHMAWATI
A24101055
PROGRAM STUD1 ILMU TANAH
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
2006
SUMMARY
RAHMAWATI. Detemination of Heavy Metals Content and Distribution of their
Pollution in Soils of Industrial Area of Cikarang, Bekasi Residence, West Java.
Supervised by ISKANDAR and UNTUNG SUDADI.
Uncontrolled disposal of pollutant substances such as heavy metals by
various industrial, domestic, transportation and agricultural activities into the
environment caused potential dangers for living organisms. Generally, heavy
metals are difficult to be dicomposed by soil microbes, thereby being accumulated
in the soil, plant, animal and human body through the food chain. This research
was aimed to determine the content of heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and
Zn and distribution of their contamination or pollution levels in soils of
agricultural fields located in the vicinity of industrial area of Cikarang, Bekasi
residence, West Java.
The soils sample were taken compositely at 0-10 cm depth in 21 sampling
points. Laboratory analyses were carried out to analyse the content of total soil
heavy metals (Aqua Regia, HCl and HN03 1 : 3) and heavy metal bioavailable
fraction (0.5 A4 N a O A c
+ 0.02
M EDTA), pH, organic matter, CEC and soil
texture. The soil heavy metal contamination/pollution level was evaluated based
on the C/p indext values calculated according to the procedure proposed by
Lacatusu (1998).
The total soil heavy metals content in the study area, except for Cr, were
above the normal ranges. The total content of soil Pb was 28.84-150.00 mgkg
with Clp indext of 0.25-1.38 (slight contamination-slight pollution). The total
content of soil Zn was 645.69-1293.65 mg/kg (Clp
=
2.76-6.88 or moderate-
severe pollution), Cd was 1.05-3 1.70 mglkg (C/p = 1.17-32.57 or slight-excessive
pollution), Cu was 17.44-90.61 mgkg (Clp
=
0.33-1.75
contamination-slight pollution), Co was 4.27-61.77 mgkg (Clp
or moderate
=
0.21-3.09 or
slight contamination-moderate pollution), Ni was 4.70-23.40 mgtkg (Clp = 0.040.39 or very slight-moderate contamination) and Cr was 5.60-18.83 mglkg (C/p =
0.03-0.13 or very slight-slight contamination).
The content of soil bioavailable fraction of Pb was 7.35-21.24 m a g or
11-74% of the total Pb content, while for Zn was 2.65-34.46 mgkg (0.2-4.4 %),
Ni was 0.35-2.97 mglkg (3.5-22 %), Cd was 0.43-0.99 mgkg (2-32 %), Co was
1.30-16.13 mgkg (23-42 %), Cu was 0.45-8.23 mgkg (2-10%) and Cr was 0.051.13 m a g (0.4-7 %).
Based on the values of the soil C/p indext, 6 locations of agricultural fields
in the study area were in the status of excessive polluted, 7 locations were very
severe polluted , 7 locations were severe polluted and 1 location was moderately
polluted with Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr heavy metal simultaneously.
PENETAPAN KADAR DAN SEBARAN TINGKAT
PENCEMARAN LOGAM BERAT DALAM TANAH
DI SEKITAR KAWASAN INDUSTRI CIKARANG,
KABUPATEN BEKASI, JAWA BARAT
Skripsi
Sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Pertanian pada Fakultas Pertanian
Institut Pertanian Bogor
Oleh
RAHMAWATI
A24101055
PROGRAM STUD1 ILMU TANAH
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR
2006
RINGKASAN
RAHMAWATI. Penetapan Kadar dan Sebaran Tingkat Pencemaran Logam
Berat dalarn Tanah di Sekiiar Kawasan Industri Cikarang, Kabupaten Bekasi,
Jawa Barat. Dibimbing oleh ISKANDAR dan UNTUNG SUDADI.
Pembuangan mi-mi pencemar berupa logam berat yang tidak terkendali
oleh berbagai aktifitas industri, domestik, transportasi dan pertanian ke
lingkungan dapat menimbulkan bahaya potensial bagi makhluk hidup. Logam
berat secara urnurn sukar diuraikan oleh mikrob tanah, sehingga akan
terakumulasi dalam tanah, tanaman, hewan dan tubuh manusia ~nelaluirantai
rnakanan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menetapkan kadar dan sebaran tingkat
kontaminasilpencernaran logam berat Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb dan Zn dalam tanah
pada lahan-lahan pertanian di sekitar kawasan industri Cikarang, Kabupaten
Bekasi, Jawa Barat.
Contoh tanah diarnbil secara komposit pada kedalaman 0-10 cm di 21
lahan pertanian. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan terhadap kadar total logam berat
(Aqua Regia, HCI dan HNO3 1 : 3) dan logam berat mudah tersedia bagi tanaman
(0.5 M NH40Ac
+ 0.02 M EDTA), pH,
bahan organik, KTK dan tekstur tanab.
Tingkat kontaminasilpencemaran logam berat dalam tanah dievaluasi berdasarkan
nilai indeks Clp menurut prosedur yang diusulkan Lacatusu (1998).
Kadar total logarn berat dalam tanah di lokasi
..
penelitian, kecuali Cr,
berada di atas kisaran kadar normal. Kisaran kadar total untuk Pb adalah 28.84150 mgkg dengan nilai indeks Clp 0.25-1.38 (terkontaminasi rendah-tercemar
rendah), Zn sebesar 645.69-1293.65 mgkg (Clp
=
2.76-6.88 atau tercemar
sedang-tercemar berat), Cd sebesar 1.05-31.70 mgkg (Clp
=
tercemar rendah-hebat), Cu sebesar 17.44-90.61 mglkg (Clp
1.17-32.57 atau
=
0.33-1.75 atau
terkontaminasi sedang-tercemar rendah), Co sebesar 4.27-61.77 mgkg (Clp
=
0.21-3.09 atau terkontaminasi rendah-tercemar sedang), Ni sebesar 4.70-23.40
mgkg (Clp = 0.04-0.39 atau terkontaminasi sangat rendah-sedang) dan untuk Cr
sebesar 5.60-18.83 mgkg (Clp
rendah).
=
0.03-0.13 atau terkontaminasi sangat rendah-
Kisaran kadar logam berat mudah tersedia bagi tanaman untuk Pb adalah
7.35-21.24 mgkg atau 11-74 % dari kadar total Pb, Zn sebesar 2.65-34.46 mgtkg
(0.2-4.4 %), Ni sebesar 0.35-2.97 m&g (3.5-22 %), Cd sebesar 0.43-0.99 mgkg
(2-32 %), Co sebesar 1.30-16.13 mgkg (23-42 %), Cu sebesar 0.45-8.23 mgkg
(2-10%) dan Cr sebesar 0.05-1 .I3 mgkg (0.4-7 %).
Berdasarkan nilai indeks Clp, 6 lokasi lahan pertanian di daerah penelitian
berada dalam status tercemar hebat, 7 lokasi lahan tercemar sangat berat, 7 lokasi
lahan tercemar berat dan 1 lokasi lahan tercemar sedang terutama oleh logdm
berat Cd, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, dan Cr secarzi simultan.
..
Y
Zemenrmgan dan keberhasilan
tidak akan dihidangkan di atas
dulang emas, tap; diperoleh
dengan air mata, darah, kerja
keras, keletihan, rasa lapar
dan kesulitan
&u
persembahknn karya in; ruk kasih
sayang yang tak pernah lekang, serta doe gang
tak techenti dari G a p & d m Jbu gang
Ananda eintai.
.:.