AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHODS USED BY THE NATIVE SPEAKER IN TEACHING SPEAKING AT THE FOURTH SEMESTER OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF UMM OF 2012/2013

AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHODS USED BY THE

NATIVE SPEAKER IN TEACHING SPEAKING AT THE

FOURTH SEMESTER OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF

UMM OF 2012/2013

THESIS

By:

INOF CITRA NINGRUM

09360027

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHODS USED BY THE

NATIVE SPEAKER IN TEACHING SPEAKING AT THE

FOURTH SEMESTER OF THE ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF

UMM OF 2012/2013

THESIS

This Thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

INOF CITRA NINGRUM NIM. 09360027

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

This thesis written by Inof Citra Ningrum was approved on August 1st, 2013.

By:

Advisor II Advisor I

This Thesis was defended in front of the examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on August 1st, 2013

Approved by,

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Dr. M. Syaifuddin, MM.

Examiners: Signatures:

1. _{Drs. Jarum, M.Ed} 1. ……….

2. Drs. Imam Mahfud 2. ………. 3. Riza Elfana, M.A 3. ………. 4. Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed 4. ……….

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

“Life is a struggle, there is no life

without a struggle”

I Dedicated this Thesis to:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillahirrabbilalamin, all praises be to Allah SWT for the mercy and love.Because of His guidance, blessing and affection, the writer can finish this thesis.

Also may sholawat and salam always be given to the last messenger Muhammad SAW.

The researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to Mrs. Riza Elfana, S.Pd, M.A and Mr. Puji Sumarsono, M.Ed for their kindness in giving suggestion, guidance and advice during the consultation period.

Her sincere gratitude and appreciation are also extended to the native speaker teacher (Mr. James) who has given her an opportunity to conduct the observation and interview.

Finally, special thank goes to beloved father and mother, who always pray for her, give love, advice, support, and much expense to study. Her thank also goes to her friends, Maulana Sofi, Febri, Nyit, Irma, Hardi, Dian, Ririn, Prima, and all of A class of English Department for their encouragement, love, and care so that she can finish this thesis.

The writer,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL... ii

LEGALIZATION ... iii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iv

ABSTRACT ... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study ... 1

1.2 Statement of Problem ... 4

1.3 Purpose of Study ... 5

1.4 Significance of Study... 5

1.5 Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.6 Definition of Key Terms... 6

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Teaching and Learning ... 7

2.2 Methods in Teaching English ... 7

2.2.1 The Grammar-Translation Method ... 8

2.2.2 The Direct Method... 10

2.2.3 The Audio-Lingual Method ... 12

2.2.4 The Silent Way ... 15

2.2.5 Suggestopedia ... 16

2.2.6 Community Language Learning ... 18

2.2.7 Total Physical Response ... 19

2.2.8 Communicative Language Teaching ... 21

2.3 Teaching Speaking ... 23

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ... 25

3.2 Research Subject... 26

3.3 Research Instrument ... 26

3.3.1 Observation ... 26

3.3.2 Interview ... 27

3.4 Data Collection ... 28

3.5 Data Analysis ... 29

CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Research Findings ... 30

4.1.1 The Teaching Methods Applied by the Native Speaker in Teaching Speaking ... 30

4.1.2 The Reasons the Native Speaker Applied those Teaching Methods in Teaching Speaking ... 34

4.2 Discussion ... 35

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1Conclussion ... 39

5.2 Suggestion ... 40

BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 42

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ary, Donald. 2010. Introduction to Research in Education 8th Edition. USA. Nelson Education, Ltd.

Brown, H Douglas. 1994. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching.

Brown, H Douglas. 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching Fourth Edition. California. Pearson Longman.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy Second Edition. California. Pearson Longman.

Cook, V.J. 1999. Going Beyond the Native Speaker in Language Teaching. http://homepage.ntlworld.com/vivian.c/Writings/Papers/NSdef.htm.

Downloaded on 7th December, 2012

Gowin, Bob. 1981. Educating. New York. Cornell University Press.

Jayusman, Apriani. 2009. Students’ Perceptions on Teaching Techniques Used by

English Department Native Speaker University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

Unpublished Thesis. UMM.

Kayi, Hayriye. 2006. ‘Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a

Second Language’. http://unr.edu/homepage/hayriyek. Downloaded on 5th

January, 2013

Larsen, Diane and Freeman. 2000. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching Second Edition. UK. Oxford University Press.

Mustikowati, Herlina Ari. 2004. The Methods of Teaching English Skills of the First Year Students at SMUN 3 Probolinggo. Unpublished Thesis. UMM

Nurbrata, Laela Hikmah. 2005. An Analysis on Teaching Speaking at SMUN N 4 Malang. Unpublished Thesis. UMM.

Richard, Jack C. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. New York. Cambridge University Press.

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes about background of the study, problems of the study, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. All of the items will be explained below:

1.1 Background of the Study

English as an international language has an important role to make communication easier between people around the world. It is also one of the foreign languages taught in Indonesia starting from elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, and even university level. In teaching learning English, there are four skills in English that must be mastered. They are speaking, writing, reading, and listening.

In addition, teaching is one of concepts in education activity. Teaching is an activity of delivering knowledge to students in order to receive, respond to, master, and develop the learning materials. According to Brown (2000:7),”Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instructions, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or

understand.” It means that teaching is an act done by a person (in this case an educator) with the purpose of helping or facilitating another person (in this case the learners) learning activities.

2

Moreover, in teaching and learning process there are some factors that influence the achievement of the learning objectives. They are teachers, students, curriculum, and environments (

http://www.sarjanaku.com/2012/09/pelaksanaan-proses-belajar-mengajar.html). One of components in curriculum is method. A teacher should be

able to determine teaching methods appropriate for the material being taught, so that teaching and learning activities can be run more effectively and efficiently.

According to Richards (2001:19), “Method is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught,

the content to be taught, and the order in which the content will be presented.” So,

teaching method is an application of way or strategy used by a teacher that is put from the theory in teaching and learning process to achieve the learning objectives. Before the teachers start the teaching process in front of the class, they have to prepare the teaching plan, in which there are teaching methods that will be used. Therefore, methods are important aspect in teaching activity, because it can make teaching and learning activities to be targeted, so the learning objectives will be easily achieved.

There are eight teaching methods that are commonly used in teaching English language (Freeman-Larsen, 2000). They are grammar-translation method, the direct method, the audio-lingual method, total physical response method, suggestopedia, community language learning, silent way, and communicative approach. From the four skills, not all English language skills are appropriate for the methods described above. For example, in writing and reading skill it is more appropriate if the teacher uses grammar-translation method, because students are more focused on grammar

3

rules, and then apply it in translating sentences and texts into and out of the target language. Meanwhile, in speaking the teacher can apply some methods; direct methods, audio-lingual methods, and communicative language teaching, because from those methods there are some techniques appropriate for teaching speaking such as dialog memorization, chain drill, role play, conversation practice, etc. (Larsen-Freeman, 2000).

Teaching speaking is to teach learner to produce English, use and select word, and organize language (Kayi, 2006). The aim of teaching speaking is improving the students ability in producing English language orally as well as when they speak their own native language. When the teacher teaches speaking, they must choose the appropriate methods and techniques, so that the students will understand easily. By teaching speaking, it is expected to help the students speak English properly. To improve the speaking skills, the speaking learning process will be better if it is taught by a native speaker. Being taught by a native speaker increases interest and attention

of the students, and it can improve the students’ ability to speak English through the

teaching methods that is used by native speaker. Besides, students can interact or communicate, listen, and talk directly in English with guidance from a native speaker.According to Cook (1999), “native speaker is a person who has spoken a

certain language since early childhood”

.

_{Therefore, native speakers of English are}

people whose first language is English. They learned English when they were children. A research conducted by Jayusman (2009) about the students’ perception on teaching techniques used by native speaker in teaching speaking to improve the

4

students speaking ability, revealed that having English native speaker as a teacher can help the students to improve their speaking ability because they will be able to imitate the native accent, pronunciation and real English expression, and know the errors in grammar directly. Moreover, if the native speaker or the teacher applies the appropriate methods for the students, the students will be brave to express themselves.

Based on those facts and theories above, the writer is interested and motivated to conduct an analysis about teaching methods applied by native speakers in University of Muhammadiyah Malang, especially at the fourth semester of English Department to introduce the kinds of appropriate teaching methods in teaching speaking. It is assumed that the methods applied by native speaker are appropriate for the students, especially to improve the students speaking ability.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Based on the background of the study above, the writer formulates research question as follows:

a. What are the teaching methods used by the native speaker in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang?

b. Why does the native speaker use those teaching methods in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang

5

1.3 Purpose of the study

The purposes of the study are to find out the answer of the problems stated above. In detail, it aims:

a. to know the teaching methods used by the native speaker in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

b. to know the reasons why the native speaker use those teaching methods in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang?

1.4 Significance of the Study

After studying and analyzing the problem, the writer expects that this study will give contributions and to be useful for the following groups:

a. For English department or English teacher, if the teaching method is appropriate for the students, this study can be used as a reference to teach. Moreover, the teaching method can also be recommended for further native speaker to use the same teaching methods especially in teaching speaking. b. For English department students, as prospective teachers, the teaching methods

used by the native speaker would be very helpful because it can provide inspiration and knowledge related to teaching methods, especially in teaching speaking.

6

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study focuses on the teaching methods used by native speakers. Meanwhile, this study is limited to the native speaker teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang 2012/2013.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

1.

Teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the condition for learning (Brown, 2000:7).

2. Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information (Brown, 1994)

3. Method is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught, and the order in which the content will be presented.(Richard and Rodgers, 2001:19) 4. Native speaker is a person who has spoken a certain language since early

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes about background of the study, problems of the study, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of key terms. All of the items will be explained below:

1.1 Background of the Study

English as an international language has an important role to make communication easier between people around the world. It is also one of the foreign languages taught in Indonesia starting from elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, and even university level. In teaching learning English, there are four skills in English that must be mastered. They are speaking, writing, reading, and listening.

In addition, teaching is one of concepts in education activity. Teaching is an activity of delivering knowledge to students in order to receive, respond to, master, and develop the learning materials. According to Brown (2000:7),”Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instructions, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand.” It means that teaching is an act done by a person (in this case an educator) with the purpose of helping or facilitating another person (in this case the learners) learning activities.

Moreover, in teaching and learning process there are some factors that influence the achievement of the learning objectives. They are teachers, students, curriculum, and environments ( http://www.sarjanaku.com/2012/09/pelaksanaan-proses-belajar-mengajar.html). One of components in curriculum is method. A teacher should be able to determine teaching methods appropriate for the material being taught, so that teaching and learning activities can be run more effectively and efficiently.

According to Richards (2001:19), “Method is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught, and the order in which the content will be presented.” So, teaching method is an application of way or strategy used by a teacher that is put from the theory in teaching and learning process to achieve the learning objectives. Before the teachers start the teaching process in front of the class, they have to prepare the teaching plan, in which there are teaching methods that will be used. Therefore, methods are important aspect in teaching activity, because it can make teaching and learning activities to be targeted, so the learning objectives will be easily achieved.

There are eight teaching methods that are commonly used in teaching English language (Freeman-Larsen, 2000). They are grammar-translation method, the direct method, the audio-lingual method, total physical response method, suggestopedia, community language learning, silent way, and communicative approach. From the four skills, not all English language skills are appropriate for the methods described above. For example, in writing and reading skill it is more appropriate if the teacher uses grammar-translation method, because students are more focused on grammar

rules, and then apply it in translating sentences and texts into and out of the target language. Meanwhile, in speaking the teacher can apply some methods; direct methods, audio-lingual methods, and communicative language teaching, because from those methods there are some techniques appropriate for teaching speaking such as dialog memorization, chain drill, role play, conversation practice, etc. (Larsen-Freeman, 2000).

Teaching speaking is to teach learner to produce English, use and select word, and organize language (Kayi, 2006). The aim of teaching speaking is improving the students ability in producing English language orally as well as when they speak their own native language. When the teacher teaches speaking, they must choose the appropriate methods and techniques, so that the students will understand easily. By teaching speaking, it is expected to help the students speak English properly. To improve the speaking skills, the speaking learning process will be better if it is taught by a native speaker. Being taught by a native speaker increases interest and attention of the students, and it can improve the students’ ability to speak English through the teaching methods that is used by native speaker. Besides, students can interact or communicate, listen, and talk directly in English with guidance from a native speaker.According to Cook (1999), “native speaker is a person who has spoken a certain language since early childhood”

.

_{Therefore, native speakers of English are}

people whose first language is English. They learned English when they were children. A research conducted by Jayusman (2009) about the students’ perception on teaching techniques used by native speaker in teaching speaking to improve the

students speaking ability, revealed that having English native speaker as a teacher can help the students to improve their speaking ability because they will be able to imitate the native accent, pronunciation and real English expression, and know the errors in grammar directly. Moreover, if the native speaker or the teacher applies the appropriate methods for the students, the students will be brave to express themselves.

Based on those facts and theories above, the writer is interested and motivated to conduct an analysis about teaching methods applied by native speakers in University of Muhammadiyah Malang, especially at the fourth semester of English Department to introduce the kinds of appropriate teaching methods in teaching speaking. It is assumed that the methods applied by native speaker are appropriate for the students, especially to improve the students speaking ability.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Based on the background of the study above, the writer formulates research question as follows:

a. What are the teaching methods used by the native speaker in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang?

b. Why does the native speaker use those teaching methods in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang

1.3 Purpose of the study

The purposes of the study are to find out the answer of the problems stated above. In detail, it aims:

a. to know the teaching methods used by the native speaker in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

b. to know the reasons why the native speaker use those teaching methods in teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang?

1.4 Significance of the Study

After studying and analyzing the problem, the writer expects that this study will give contributions and to be useful for the following groups:

a. For English department or English teacher, if the teaching method is appropriate for the students, this study can be used as a reference to teach. Moreover, the teaching method can also be recommended for further native speaker to use the same teaching methods especially in teaching speaking. b. For English department students, as prospective teachers, the teaching methods

used by the native speaker would be very helpful because it can provide inspiration and knowledge related to teaching methods, especially in teaching speaking.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this study focuses on the teaching methods used by native speakers. Meanwhile, this study is limited to the native speaker teaching speaking at the fourth semester of English Department University of Muhammadiyah Malang 2012/2013.

1.6 Definition of Key Terms

1.

Teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the condition for learning (Brown, 2000:7).

2. Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information (Brown, 1994)

3. Method is the level at which theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught, and the order in which the content will be presented.(Richard and Rodgers, 2001:19) 4. Native speaker is a person who has spoken a certain language since early