AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

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AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN

ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE

SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION

DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF

MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

WILDANUL ULA FAUZI 201110100311309

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG August 2016


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AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN

ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE

SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION

DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF

MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

WILDANUL ULA FAUZI 201110100311309

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG August 2016


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AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN

ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE

SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION

DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF

MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

WILDANUL ULA FAUZI 201110100311309

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG August 2016


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57

This thesis written by Wildanul Ula Fauzi was approved on August 10, 2016.

By:

advisor I,

Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum. Advisor II,


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This thesis was defended in front of the examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of the University of Muhammadiyah Malang

and accepted as one of requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

on August 10, 2016

Apprved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Dean,

Dr. Poncojari Wahyono, M.Kes.

Motto and dedication Examiners:

1. Dr. Hartono, M.Pd.

2. Riski Lestiono, S.Pd, M.A.

3. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum. 4. Drs. Munash Fauzi, M.M.

Signatures:

1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ...


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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

If you can dream it, you can do it. Always rememder that this whole thing was started with a dream and a mouse

(Walt Disney)

A pessimist sees the difficulty in every oppurtunity, an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty

(Sir Winston Churchill)

First they ignore you, then they laugh at you. Then they fight you. Then you win

(Mahatma Gandhi)

DEDICATION:

I dedicated this thesis to: My beloved father, My lovely mother, My all families, My all friends,


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ORIGINALLY DECLARATION

The undersigned:

Name : Wildanul Ula Fauzi

Student ID number : 201110100311309

Program of study : Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

I declared that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by my self and does not incorporate without any acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge this thesis does not certain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in text.

Malang, August 10, 2016


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AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHING METHOD USED BY AN

ESP LECTURER IN TEACHING SPEAKING INTHE

SECOND SEMESTER OF COMMUNICATION

DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF

MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

ABSTRACT

Speaking is a skill that enables us to produce utterances which involves expressing ideas and opinions. Moreover, speaking is difficult for students to master because there are a lot of components involve. Therefore, to make the teaching and learning speaking more interesting and easy to understand, the lecturer should use methods of teaching effectively. The methods should be suitable with students’ characteristics and conditions.

The purpose of this research was to analyze and describe the phenomenon which happened in speaking class. In this study, the researcher used qualitative research design to describe the phenomenon in speaking class. The researcher used qualitative research design based on the purposes of study that observed phenomenon in speaking class naturally. The data of this research were collected from the class observation. In addition, the data were displayed in the form of narrative.

The result of observation and interview showed that the English lecturer used two teaching methods while teaching speaking, such as: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Total Physical Response (TPR). Those methods were used in order to make the students speak up. However, there were also some problems faced by the lecturer in implementing those methods such as: in CLT, they were (1) Limited Vocabulary, (2) Less Confident, (3) Passive Student, and (4) Incorrect Pronunciation. In TPR, they were (1) Less Motivation, (2) Feeling Confused, and (3) could not controll the class (crowded). Also, the lecturer had some ways to solve those problems, such as: in CLT, the lecturer repeating instruction, asking students to open dictionary, discussing, putting smart student in each group, and taking a note on the wrong pronunciation. While in TPR, they were given motivation, making face to face presentation, repeating instructions, reviewing materials, walking around the class, and kept silent.

Keywords: teaching methods, speaking

Malang, August 10, 2016

Advisor I, The researcher,


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, all praise to Allah, the merciful and charitable. Alhamdulillahi Robbal Alamin this thesis has been completed because of his guidance, blessing, and affection. As an ordinary people who has weakness and limitedness, the researcher realizes that the thesis by the title “An Analysis Teaching Method used by an ESP Lecturer in Teching Speaking in The Second Semester of Communication Department at University of Muhammadiyah Malang” cannot be finished without support, guidance, and help from the other people and another sides. For that, by the honor of this, the researcher wants to say thank you very much to the honorable:

1. Dra. Thathit Manon Andini, M.Hum and Drs. Munash Fauzi, M.M who had been very helpful, warmhearted, and patient in giving advises, ideas, and valuable time during theprocess of this thesis writing.

2. Miss. Ira Ayu Andrilia S.Pd who has given permission in order to have an observation in her class.

3. Language Center (LC) which has accepted him to do an observation. 4. His beloved parents Dr. H. Rejono, M.Pdi, Hj. Khullatin, S.Pdi and his

daughter Effi Ernawati who always supported him to finish his thesis.. 5. His beloved friends Ratih Amalia, Ramada Febrian, Roni Ardiansyah,

Muna Nur, Viva Faronika, Mithalia Dian Rahmasari S.Pd, Didit Eko Sunarso S.Pd, Jefri Arisandi, and all members of Fall in Love class who always help, support, and give suggestion to him in finishing this thesis.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

APPROVAL... i

APPROVAL FORM ... ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ... iii

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ... iv

ABSTRACT ... v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1

1.1Background of the Study ... ... 1

1.2Problems of the Study ... ... 5

1.3Objectives of the Study ... ... 5

1.4Significance of the Study ... 5

1.5Scope and Limitation ... 6

1.6The Definition of the Key Terms ... 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 8

2.1Speaking ... 8

2.2Teaching Speaking ... 9

2.3Characteristics of a succesful speaking activity ... 11

2.4Teaching Method ... 12


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2.4.3 Gramatical teaching Method ... 15

2.4.4 Audio-Lingual Method ... 17

2.4.5 The Silent Way ... 20

2.4.6 Cummunity Language Learning ... 22

2.4.7 Communicative Language Teaching ... 23

2.4.8 Total Physical Response ... 25

2.5Teaching Strategy ... ... 27

2.6Teaching Technique ... ... 29

2.7English for Specific Purpose Teaching in UMM ... 2.8Teaching English for Communication ... ... CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 21

3.1Research Design ... 21

3.2Research Subject ... 22

3.3Data Collection Tools ... 23

3.3.1 Observation ... 23

3.3.2 Interview... 24

3.4Data Collection Procedures ... 32

3.5Data Analysis Techniques ... 33

CHAPTHER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 27

4.1Research Findings ... 27

4.1.1 The Methods Used by the Lecturer in Teaching Speaking ... 27


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4.1.2.1Problems Faced by The Lecturer in Implementing CLT ... 30

4.1.2.2Problems Faced by The Lecturer in Implementing TPR ... 31

4.1.2.3Lecturer’s Way in Solving the Problems in Implementing Methods . 32 4.1.2.4Lecturer’s Way to Solve CLT Problems ... 33

4.1.2.5Teacher’s Way to Solve TPR Problems ... 34

4.2Discussion ... 36

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ... 42

5.1 Conclusion ... 42

5.2 Suggestions ... 45

5.2.1 For English Teacher ... 46

5.2.2 For the Future Researchers ... 46

REFERENCES ... 47 APPENDICES


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LIST OF APPENDIX

Appendix 1 Observation Field Note ... 49

Appendix 2 Observation Field Note ... 50

Appendix 3 Observation Field Note ... 51

Appendix 4 Interview Guide ... 52

Appendix 5 Copy of The Material ... 53


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REFERENCES

Ary, Donald, Jacobs Lucy C, Asghar R & Chris S. 2006. Introduction to research in education. Canada: Thomasson wadsworth.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching: Fifth Edition. San Francisco State University.

Brown, H. Douglas. 2000. Principle of Language Learning and Teaching: Fourth Edition. San Francisco: Longman.

Harmer, J. 2007. The Practice of English Language Teaching: Fourth Edition, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

Jacobsen Eggen, and Kuachak (2005),

Kayi, H. 2006. Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. The Internet TESL Journal, Online, Vol XII, No. 11, November 2006, (http://iteslj.org/Articles/Kayi-Teaching Speaking.html, accessed on December, 17, 2014).

Larseen and freeman. 2000. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Nasrudin,W. 2013. Understanding the Teaching of Listening And Speaking:Understanding Student’s Needs. University of Malang: Malang Press.

Pollard lucy.2008. teaching english.

Richards, Jack C. 2008. Teaching Listening And Speaking From Theory to Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Richards and rogers. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Ur, Penny. 2003. A Course an Language Teaching Practice and Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. An Introduction to Linguistics: Fifth Edition, willey blackwel.


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1

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

In this chapter, the researcher discussess some topics related to background of study, the problem of study, the objectives of study, the sicnificance of the study, the scope and limitation, and the definition of key terms. Each section is presented as follows:

1.1Background of the Study

As social people, human need to communicate in order to interact one another. Therefore, a language is needed so they can do their activities well by communicating one another. Language is a thing that can not be separated from human activities since it is a mean of expressing what they want and feel. According to Wardhaugh (2006:1), a language is what the members of particular society speak. When two or more people communicate with each other in speech, it can be called as system of communication. In conclusion, language is very important for people to get through life, so they can understand people by communicating one another.

English as an international language has an important role to make communication easier among people around the world. It is also one of the foreign languages that is taught in Indonesia starting from junior high school, senior high school and up to university level. English has four basic skills, they are listening, reading, writing and speaking. Speaking becomes an important skill to be mastered because it is one of the skills that can support the other skills. Richards (2013:53) has argued that speaking is, as a productive skill a purpose of many


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2

language learners learning a new second foreign language. When lecturers ask their students about the main reason why the students learning English, the answer, mostly, is because the students want to be able to speak English. The speaking skill is the first skill that leaners want to master. It is the main concern of second or foreign language learners. Therefore, it becomes necessarry beacause they have to use language to acquire and produce a message to make them understand each other.

In class, speaking involves interaction between lecturer and students and between student and student. Therefore, lecturer is demanded to know that speaking is not only learning about term of knowledge in speaking but also how to practice it in the real world. Consequently, lecturer is expected to take some preparation, such planning to set classroom activities, organizing classroom, assessing the learners ability, and evaluating the teaching learning process. Therefore, to make teaching speaking interesting more and easy to understand, the lecturer should use some interesting methods. According to richards (2001:19),” method is the level at which a theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught. And the order in which the content will be presented.” So, teaching method is an application of way or strategy used by a lecturer that is put from the theory in the teaching and learning process to achieve the learning objectives.

In teaching English, there are several kinds of methods that can be used by the lecture in transfering the knowledge, such as grammar translation method, audio-lingual method, cooperative learning method, direct method, etc. Those methods are planned in systematic efforts by the lecturer for establishing sequence


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3

in the various parts of the teaching English. Larsen and freeman (2000) argued that methods offer the lecturer alternatives to what the currently think and do. It can guide the lecture how to make her teaching becomes effective because teaching method is one of the factors that can determine the succes of teaching. Moreover, it also can make it easy for the lecturer to transfer the information, select the resources and define the role of the students. Therefore, the use of appropriate teaching method can be an important aspect for getting better result in teaching and learning activities.

An effective method that is used by the lecturer may determine the success of the teaching speaking English itself, including in ESP course. According to Language Center of University of Muhammadiyah Malang (2010),” ESP program is an English program which is specialized for each disciplne in all departments and faculties at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang.” It means, ESP in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang is a program that is run by Languange Center which is proposed to fulfill the learners’ needs. ESP is different from the general English beacause ESP provides the English material based on the learner specific needs. The program is intended for all students of semester I to II in order to give them English based on their disciplines.

There have been studies related to method of teaching speaking before. The first study was conducted by Olivia (2015) about method of teaching speaking in the first semester of Pshychology Department. She found that the lecturer applied communicative language teaching as her teaching method. These methods were applied by the lecturer in order to make students speak actively. In addition, she also found some problems while implementing the method such as


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4

the students were bored, crowded and they did not focus with the learning activity in the class, they sometimes were not interested in the method, and lecturer could not controll the students. However, she found some ways to solve those problems such as creating interesting activities, designing simple activities such as simulation, motivativating the students, and giving points.

The purpose of ESP course in all of departments in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang is to help the students to master English Language for their future. One of the departments in the ESP course is Communication Department. It becomes interesting because the researcher found that when the lecturer taught them, the students were very interested in learning English because the lecturer applied some methods that could make the class became interractive. This study is urgent because teaching methods is one of successful keys in teaching because it helps teacher run the teaching and learning process. By having a good method in teaching, the lecturer can make the teaching and learning process more interested. This becomes the reason why the researcher is interested in knowing the kinds of methods in teaching speaking used by the ESP lecturer for the Communication students. From the background of the study above, the researcher is interested in choosing teaching method as his research topic since it is very helpful to maximize the teaching and learning process in the class to make the students more active and enjoy the class.

1.2The problem of study

Based on background of study above, the resercher formulates the problems to be investiged as follow:


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5

1. What are kinds of teaching methods used by ESP lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang?

2. What are the problems faced by lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang 3. How does the lecturer cope with the problems Department of

Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang? 1.3The Objectives of the Study

The researcher tries to investigate the problems dealing with the statement of problem. It is stated as follows:

1. To know the kinds of teaching methods used by ESP lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. To identify the problems faced by lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. 3. To know the ways the lecturer copes with the problems Department of

Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. 1.4The Significance of the Study

This study is intended to give scientific information for the readers about the method of teaching speaking and to give solution in solving the problems arise while implementing the method. The researcher expects that the results of this study will give benefit in language teaching especially for speaking lecturers so that they are able to improve their knowledge in teaching. Also, it is expected to


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6

help English lecturer to Improve or develop skill in teaching speaking and apply appropriate one.

1.5The Scope and Limitation

The researcher considers making the scope and limitation. The scope of this study is about teaching method of speaking used by lecturer of ESP, the problems faced by the lecturer in implementing the method, and the lecturer’s way in solving the problem arise. The research is limited at ESP lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Communication Department is chosen by the researcher because communication students learn how to communicate with people, learn how to be a good communicator and they also have to master more than one languages.

1.6The Definition of the Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms in this study are dfined as follows: 1. Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something,

giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown,2000:7).

2. Method is an overal plan for orderly presentation of teaching matters including the technique and media that are used (Richard and Rogers, 2001). In this study, method is a way to deliver the matter or information to the students for reaching the goal of speaking skill.

3. Speaking is interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information (Brown, 2007). Its


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7

form and meaning are dependent on the context in which it occurs, including the participants themselves, and the purposes for speaking.

ESP (English for Specific Purpose) is a subject which is based on designing courses to meet learner’s needs (Hutchinson and Waters, 2002). In this research, ESP is a program at University Of Muhammadiyah Malang and run by Language Center of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, which is compulsory for every students. According to Language Center University of Muhammadiyah Malang, ESP program is intended for all new students of semester 1 and 2 in order to give them English based on their disciplines.


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language learners learning a new second foreign language. When lecturers ask their students about the main reason why the students learning English, the answer, mostly, is because the students want to be able to speak English. The speaking skill is the first skill that leaners want to master. It is the main concern of second or foreign language learners. Therefore, it becomes necessarry beacause they have to use language to acquire and produce a message to make them understand each other.

In class, speaking involves interaction between lecturer and students and between student and student. Therefore, lecturer is demanded to know that speaking is not only learning about term of knowledge in speaking but also how to practice it in the real world. Consequently, lecturer is expected to take some preparation, such planning to set classroom activities, organizing classroom, assessing the learners ability, and evaluating the teaching learning process. Therefore, to make teaching speaking interesting more and easy to understand, the lecturer should use some interesting methods. According to richards (2001:19),” method is the level at which a theory is put into practice and at which choices are made about the particular skills to be taught, the content to be taught. And the order in which the content will be presented.” So, teaching method is an application of way or strategy used by a lecturer that is put from the theory in the teaching and learning process to achieve the learning objectives.

In teaching English, there are several kinds of methods that can be used by the lecture in transfering the knowledge, such as grammar translation method, audio-lingual method, cooperative learning method, direct method, etc. Those methods are planned in systematic efforts by the lecturer for establishing sequence


(2)

in the various parts of the teaching English. Larsen and freeman (2000) argued that methods offer the lecturer alternatives to what the currently think and do. It can guide the lecture how to make her teaching becomes effective because teaching method is one of the factors that can determine the succes of teaching. Moreover, it also can make it easy for the lecturer to transfer the information, select the resources and define the role of the students. Therefore, the use of appropriate teaching method can be an important aspect for getting better result in teaching and learning activities.

An effective method that is used by the lecturer may determine the success of the teaching speaking English itself, including in ESP course. According to Language Center of University of Muhammadiyah Malang (2010),” ESP program is an English program which is specialized for each disciplne in all departments and faculties at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang.” It means, ESP in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang is a program that is run by Languange Center which is proposed to fulfill the learners’ needs. ESP is different from the general English beacause ESP provides the English material based on the learner specific needs. The program is intended for all students of semester I to II in order to give them English based on their disciplines.

There have been studies related to method of teaching speaking before. The first study was conducted by Olivia (2015) about method of teaching speaking in the first semester of Pshychology Department. She found that the lecturer applied communicative language teaching as her teaching method. These methods were applied by the lecturer in order to make students speak actively. In addition, she also found some problems while implementing the method such as


(3)

the students were bored, crowded and they did not focus with the learning activity in the class, they sometimes were not interested in the method, and lecturer could not controll the students. However, she found some ways to solve those problems such as creating interesting activities, designing simple activities such as simulation, motivativating the students, and giving points.

The purpose of ESP course in all of departments in the University of Muhammadiyah Malang is to help the students to master English Language for their future. One of the departments in the ESP course is Communication Department. It becomes interesting because the researcher found that when the lecturer taught them, the students were very interested in learning English because the lecturer applied some methods that could make the class became interractive. This study is urgent because teaching methods is one of successful keys in teaching because it helps teacher run the teaching and learning process. By having a good method in teaching, the lecturer can make the teaching and learning process more interested. This becomes the reason why the researcher is interested in knowing the kinds of methods in teaching speaking used by the ESP lecturer for the Communication students. From the background of the study above, the researcher is interested in choosing teaching method as his research topic since it is very helpful to maximize the teaching and learning process in the class to make the students more active and enjoy the class.

1.2The problem of study

Based on background of study above, the resercher formulates the problems to be investiged as follow:


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1. What are kinds of teaching methods used by ESP lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang?

2. What are the problems faced by lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang 3. How does the lecturer cope with the problems Department of

Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang? 1.3The Objectives of the Study

The researcher tries to investigate the problems dealing with the statement of problem. It is stated as follows:

1. To know the kinds of teaching methods used by ESP lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

2. To identify the problems faced by lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. 3. To know the ways the lecturer copes with the problems Department of

Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. 1.4The Significance of the Study

This study is intended to give scientific information for the readers about the method of teaching speaking and to give solution in solving the problems arise while implementing the method. The researcher expects that the results of this study will give benefit in language teaching especially for speaking lecturers so that they are able to improve their knowledge in teaching. Also, it is expected to


(5)

help English lecturer to Improve or develop skill in teaching speaking and apply appropriate one.

1.5The Scope and Limitation

The researcher considers making the scope and limitation. The scope of this study is about teaching method of speaking used by lecturer of ESP, the problems faced by the lecturer in implementing the method, and the lecturer’s way in solving the problem arise. The research is limited at ESP lecturer in teaching speaking in Department of Communication at University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Communication Department is chosen by the researcher because communication students learn how to communicate with people, learn how to be a good communicator and they also have to master more than one languages.

1.6The Definition of the Key Terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms in this study are dfined as follows: 1. Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something,

giving instruction, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand (Brown,2000:7).

2. Method is an overal plan for orderly presentation of teaching matters including the technique and media that are used (Richard and Rogers, 2001). In this study, method is a way to deliver the matter or information to the students for reaching the goal of speaking skill.

3. Speaking is interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information (Brown, 2007). Its


(6)

form and meaning are dependent on the context in which it occurs, including the participants themselves, and the purposes for speaking.

ESP (English for Specific Purpose) is a subject which is based on designing courses to meet learner’s needs (Hutchinson and Waters, 2002). In this research, ESP is a program at University Of Muhammadiyah Malang and run by Language Center of University of Muhammadiyah Malang, which is compulsory for every students. According to Language Center University of Muhammadiyah Malang, ESP program is intended for all new students of semester 1 and 2 in order to give them English based on their disciplines.


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