8 between different pools and how carbon stocks change in response to
afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation ARD and other land-use activities. Distribution of NPP can be in any place in the world, i.e. forest, agricultural,
wetland, urban areas which will have different rate in NPP and carbon sequestration. Changes in the proportion and spatial distribution of land use could
enhance or degrade the area‟s ability to sequester carbon in terrestrial ecosystem. Figure 2.2 shows the global, annual average net primary production of
vegetation on land during January to February 2010. On this map, vegetation is pictured as a scale or index of greenness. Greenness is based on several factors:
the number and type of plants, how leafy they are, and how healthy they are. In places where foliage is dense and plants are growing quickly, the index is high,
represented in dark green. Regions where few plants grow have a low vegetation index, shown in tan. The pattern that the maps show is a global one, vegetation
greenness is high around the equator all year long, where temperatures, rainfall and sunlight are abundant. Between the equator and the poles, the vegetation
greenness rises and falls as the seasons change.
Source : http:earthobservatory.nasa.govGlobalMaps Figure 2.2 Global NPP of vegetation during January to February 2010
2.4 Estimation Method of Net Primary Production
Many models have been established to estimate regional and global NPP and can be classified into three types: climate models, process models, and energy
use efficiency models. Climate models estimate NPP by establishing the statistical
9 relation between NPP and climate data. Process models estimate NPP based on
plant physiological and ecological processes. Energy use efficiency models use energy use efficiency and the relationship between vegetation index and FPAR to
estimate radiation absorbed by plants to estimate NPP. Because an energy use efficiency model is simple and uses remotely sensed data, it is widely used.
Net primary productivity NPP is defined as the net flux of carbon from the atmosphere into green plants per unit time or the total new organic matter
produced during a specified interval. This production is only conceptualized because they cannot measure directly in the field. Instead, NPP must be estimated
based on a suite of measurement of various types and numerous underlying assumptions.
As documented in Potter 1999, the monthly NPP flux, defined as net fixation of CO2 by vegetation, is computed in NASA Carnegie Ames Stanford
Approach CASA on the basis of light-use efficiency Monteith, 1972. Monthly production of plant biomass is estimated as a product of time-varying surface
solar irradiance S
r
and EVI from the MODIS satellite, plus a constant light utilization efficiency term e
max
that is modified by time-varying stress scalar terms for temperature T and moisture W effects.
The equitation for estimation monthly NPP values is : NPP = S
r
EVI e
max
TW …………………………………………………. 1 Where :
NPP = Net primary production gC m
-2
year
-1
S
r
= Solar irradiance EVI
= Enhanced Vegetation Index from MODIS e
max
= Constant Light Utilization Efficiency Term T
= Optimal temperature for plant production W
= Monthly water deficit
