CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 SWEET POTATO’S STARCH
Sweet potato Ipomoea batatas is one of the tropical tuber in Indonesia. Many varieties of sweet potato are member of the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae. In 2005, production area of
sweet potato in Indonesia reach 178,336 hectare and production crop reach 1,856,969 ton BPS, 2006. Research priority should be given to sweet potato to generate a better and more efficient
production technology. This will help boost development of sweet potato in Indonesia. However, the Indonesian government still puts higher priority on rice research. Even sweet potato is the secondary
food crops after cassava, research priority of sweet potato is lower compared to the legumes such as soybean and peanut.
Sweet potato is source of carbohydrate with variation of skin and flesh color includes white, yellow, orange, red, purple, or brown. Flesh of sweet potato contains fiber and oligosaccharides
stacchiose, verbascosa, and raffinose which cause flatulence. Classification of sweet potato: Kingdom :
Plantae Division
: Spermatophyta Subdivision :
Angiospermae Ordo
: Concolvulales
Family :
Convolvulacea Genus
: Ipomoea
Species : Ipomoea batatas RILET, 2008
Figure 1. Sukuh’s sweet potato RILET, 2008 There are five superior varieties of sweet potato that are released by Research Institute for
Legumes and Tuber crops RILET in Malang, that are Sari, Boko, Sukuh, Jago, and Kidal RILET, 2008. Superior variety of sweet potato is sweet potato which has high productivity and endurance
toward pest infection of boleng Cylas formicarius and sweet potato’s scabies disease Sphaceloma batatas RILET, 2008. General characteristic of superior variety of sweet potato in Indonesia is
outlined in Table 1.
4 Table 1. General characteristic of superior variety of sweet potato in Indonesia
Variety Physic form
Chemical content
Productivity Harvest
time Sari
Oval shaped tuber, short stalk tuber, red skin color, yellow
flesh, sweet an delicious taste Dry matter: 28
Starch content: 32 Beta carotene content:
381µg100 g 30-35 ton ha
3.5-4 months
Sukuh Ellipse and spherical tuber,
short stalk tuber, yellow skin color, white flesh color
Dry matter: 35 Starch content: 31
Beta carotene content: 36.59µg100g
25-30 tonha 4.0-4.5
months
Boko Long and ellipse tuber, very
shorter stalk tuber, red skin color, light-yellow flesh color
Dry matter: 32 Starch content: 32
Beta carotene content: 108µg100g
25-30 tonha 4.0-4.5
months
Jago Spherical tuber, short stalk
tuber, white skin color, yellow flesh color
Dry matter: 33 Starch content: 31
Beta carotene: 85µg100g 25-30 tonha
4.0-4.5 months
Kidal Spherical tuber, very short
stalk tuber, red skin color, yellow flesh color
Dry matter: 31 Starch content: 32.85
Beta carotene: 345µg100g 25-30 tonha
4.0-4.5 months
Source: RILET, 2008
2.2 RESISTANT STARCH
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