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Based on the explanation above, teaching is a set of strategy done by the teachers to teach the students in the process of forming knowledge, making sense,
searching the explanation of the problem, being critical attitude and taking justification involving dynamic interactions among individuals based on the
context and the predicable moments
2. Theory of Learning
There are many views presented in learning theory. The range of perspectives shows that the teachers have different ways and different context for
making the students learnt. The different theoretical perspectives on learning have little in common because they are underpinned by different assumptions.
a. Behaviorism Perspectives on Learning
B. F. Skinner popularly developed behaviorism as a theory. The underlying assumptions related to the process of learning in this theory can be
seen from some views. First, learning is manifested to change one behavior. Second, the environment shapes ones behavior. Finally, the principles of
contiguity how close in time, two events must be for a bond to be formed and reinforcement any means of increasing the likelihood that an event will be
repeated are central to explaining the learning process. For behaviorism, learning is about the acquisition of new behavior through conditioning.
In harmony with behaviors theory, Thursan Hakim 2000 stated that learning is the process of changing the human behavior, which is reflected on the
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increasing of quality and quantity and quality of attitude such as the development of competency, knowledge, habits, understanding, skill and mind set. That means
that the increasing of one‘s attitude is shown in the ones development in many fields.
According to Gage 1983 in Martinis Yamin, learning is a process in which the organism changes his or her behavior because of the experience. In line
with the definition, Klein B, Stephen stated that learning is an experiential process that results in a relatively permanent change in behavior that cannot be explained
by temporary states, maturity, or innate responses tendencies. Consequently, this definition has three effects that are:
1 Learning reflects a potential change for a behavior. The learners
should translate learning into behavior first. 2
Change in behavior due to learning is relatively permanent. Because of new experiences, previously learned behavior is no
longer exhibit. 3
Changes in behavior can be due to the process other than learn. The behavior can change as the result of motivation rather than leaning.
4 Learning as the response of strengthening
b. Cognitive Perspectives on Learning
