Before + clause 1 S,V,O + clause 2 S,V,O After + Subordinate clause + Main clause
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Developing English Competencies f or Grade XII of Language Programme
Study the following sentences and the explanation.
1. Before the two mice were eating jellies and cakes, they found the remains of a
À ne feast. Suddenly they heard growling and barking.
2. After gorging on an animal a wolf had killed, suddenly a small bone in the meat stuck in his throat and he
could not swallow it. He soon felt a terrible pain in his throat, and he ran up and down groaning and
groaning, looking for something to relieve the pain.
and after are commonly found in a narrative text and used to express the order of events.
Before and After
Before and after are used if we want to express the order
of events. We can use the following form.
1. Before + clause 1 S,V,O + clause 2 S,V,O After + Subordinate clause + Main clause
For example:
• Before
she attended the class, she would prepare everything.
• After hearing the news she felt free. 2. Before + noun phrase V+ing + clause 2
S,V,O After + Subordinate clause + Main clause
For example:
• Before
watching the movie, we must buy the ticket.
• After
losing his job, the man became extremely depressed.
Grammar
Review
Your Proj ect
This is an individual project. Write you own
story. Use the following guidelines.
In preparation for making your narrative
keep these simple guidelines in mind:
• Whose story it is. • What happens.
• Have a clear
beginning, middle, and end.
• Where and when the story takes place.
Activity
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19
Can You Tel l Me t he St ory?
Match the main clauses in column A with the subordinate clauses in column B.
Column A
1. The lady used the old washing
machine 2. The mechanic tried
to overhaul the engine
3. The exploration
team did the research
4. The baby got fat 5. The racer had his
car rechecked
Column B
a. after consuming
much milk b. before joining the
race c. after he noticed its
type d. before digging the
well of oil e. before she bought a
new one
Rewrite the sentences with subordinate clauses instead of subordinate phrases. Be careful of the tense.
1. Kresna needed to get a loan before buying a car. Kresna needed to get a loan before she bought a car.
2. A pilot has to start the engine before taking off. 3. The man eats a lot of food after working hard.
4. Mr. Efendi always checks the battery before starting the car engine.
5. After having lunch, we will go to the cinema. 6. The children took a bath before having breakfast.
7. Before taking medicine, the patient must have a meal.
8. After turning off the lamp, she went to bed. 9. Mr. Herman locked the door before leaving the house.
10. The workers usually go home after finishing their work.
Activity
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Activity
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Developing English Competencies f or Grade XII of Language Programme
Combine the two sentences below into one sentence using
before and aft er. If possible use a subordinate phrases. Number one has been done for you.
1. I knew the time was up. I told the students to collect the answer sheets.
a. Before I told the students to hand-in the answer sheets, I knew the time was up.
b. After I knew the time was up, I told the students to hand-in the answer sheets.
c. After seeing the time was up, I told the students to hand-in the answer sheets.
2. The bell rang. I woke up.
3. Santi doesnt want to take it. The doctor recommended the medicine.
4. Doni goes to the front of the class. The teacher calls him.
5. She read the magazine and ate biscuits. She
À nished cleaning the house.
Work in pairs. Write a short story by following the stages of writing.
• Stage 1 : Planning
Discuss the topic with your friend. You can write the same topic as your friends.
• Stage 2
: Drafting
Write your own story based on the topic you have just discussed with your friend.
• Stage 3
: Revising
Swap your piece of writing with your friend and edit each others scripts.
• Stage 4
: Proof–reading
Check your spelling and punctuation. You can do this yourself or ask your friend.
• Stage 5
: Presentation
Write the
À nal version neatly.
Activity
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Activity
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Can You Tel l Me t he St ory?
Read and study this announcement.
Answer the questions based on the announcement you have j ust read.
1. What is the announcement about? 2. When will the contest be closed?
3. What must the short stories relate to? 4. Who will choose the semi
À nalists? 5. Who will choose the
À nalists? 6. What are the prizes for the winner?
7. When will the results of the contest be announced? 8. Where can we send our manuscript?
Mighty River Short Story Contest
Deadline: August 1, 2008 Deadline: August 1, 2008
About the contest:
Were searching for the best short story relating in some way to the Mississippi River, the River Valley, or a sister River: its landscape, people, culture, history, current events, or
future. Semi-i nalists will be chosen by a regional team of published writers. The i nal manuscript
will be chosen by Susan Swartwout, publisher of Southeast Missouri State University Press. The winner receives an award of 500 and publication in Big Muddy: A Journal of the
Mississipi River
Valley. Winner will be announced October 1, 2008.
Mail manuscripts to:
MRSS Contest Southeast Missouri State University Press
MS 2650, One University Plaza Cape Girardeau, MO 63701
Activity
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Activity
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Developing English Competencies f or Grade XII of Language Programme