87
Del ivering a Speech
Grammar
Review
Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Direct Speech
• Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech sometimes called quoted speech
• Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ... and should be word for
word. Example:
• She said, Todays lesson is on presentations.
or
Todays lesson is on presentation, she said .
2. Indirect Speech Indirect speech sometimes called reported speech,
doesnt use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesnt have to be word for word.
In reported speech, the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually
talking about a time in the past because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past. The
verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. To convert direct speech into indirect speech:
• If the main verb is past tense, present tense verbs
in the that clause must also be changed to past tense.
Dean said that he didnt know what to do.
• First and second person pronouns must be changed to third person pronouns.
Dean said that he didnt know what to do.
UN Shot
A : Tony left for Bandung this
morning. B : What did you say?
A : .... a. I said that Tony
leaves for Bandung. b. I said that Tony
will leave for Bandung.
c. I said that Tony
would leave for Bandung.
d. I said that Tony had left for
Bandung. e.
I said that Tony had leave for
Bandung
UN 20022003
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Developing English Competencies f or Grade XII of Language Programme
Writ ing
In this section, you will learn how to:
• prepare a speech;
• write a speech.
The following statements are the steps for preparing a speech, but they are not in correct order. Arrange
them into a good order.
1. Write the conclusion 2. Rearrange the speech introduction, body, and
conclusion 3. Write the introduction
4. Choose a plan for organisation 5. State the main idea thesis of the speech
6. Develop an outline using the main points 7. Add supporting details to the outline
1. Is what I said correct? Wendy wanted to know
. 2. Is what Ive heard true?
I wondered
. 3. Does Tony know what hes talking about?
I wondered
. 4. Is there anything I can do to help?
Sally wanted to know .
5. I thing Ill go to the library to study. Jerry
said .
6. Someday well be in contact with beings from outer space.
The scientist predicted .
7. Have you ever met Ms. Shanty? Mr. Ronald asked me
. 8. Im going to postpone the examination.
Professor Williams announced .
Complete the sentences by changing the quoted speech to reported speech.
Activity
8
Activity
1
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89
Del ivering a Speech
• witnessed • cheerleader
• wearing •
graduation • daydreamed
• lectures • eternal
• accompanied • con
À gurations • fascinating
• education • friendships
• almamater • diplomas
• reality
Complete the speech using the words given in the box. Check your answers with your friend
ˈ
s.
Your Proj ect
Pretend you are given a task by your headmaster
to give a speech at your graduation day. You can
ask your big brother sister to help you write
the script.
Ive attended this school for thirteen years now, and Ive
1
you, my classmates, in quite a variety of clothing–football
jerseys,
2
out À ts, and
during spirit week–football players
3
cheerleader out À ts. But
now, weve all come together for the last time as a class, sporting
gowns and mortarboards for
4
. Remember how many times
weve
5
about this moment in the middle of class? We sometimes
drift off during
6
, fantasizing about how we would
spend our days if life were an
7
summer weekend… and thats usually when the teacher
brings us back to
8
with an authoritative–ahem–clearing
of the throat
9
by a smug inquiry about the electron
10
of the noble gasses. Thanks, Mr Gunawan.
Well, everyone, this daydream is just now becoming a new and
11
reality. For in addition to our quality
12
from the classroom, weve received an
education in life from each other. Solid, irreplaceable
13
with our peers and, yes, even with our
teachers and coaches have been forged through hard work, devotion,
good times and bad, and most importantly, pride for a school that
we should all be grateful to call our
14
. We may be receiving
15
tonight, fellow classmates, but look around you at your
teachers, coaches and friends, and realize what youve truly
16
for four years at Fairmont.
Taken from www.davegustafron.com
Activity
2
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90
Developing English Competencies f or Grade XII of Language Programme
With a partner, develop a speech about a new regulation at your school. Pay attention to the
following steps of making a speech until delivering it to the audience.
Get the topic
1. 2.
3.
4.
Start
5.
6.
7.
Finish Introduction
Write a 3-sentence introduction. Tell your audience what youre about to say. If your speech
is persuasive, take side whether you are for or against the regulation.
Body Expand on your introduction. What is the
À rst argument, the second, and the third? Make each
section about one or two paragraphs long.
Conclusion If your speech is informative, make a summary
of the main idea and speci À c purpose. If it is
persuasive, combine a summary with a final appeal to the audience to accept the arguments
offered.
Practising To give a good speech you must sound familiar
with the material; to become familiar with the material requires repetition. Repetition means
reading the material aloud up to 50 times if necessary until you are totally familiar with it.
F
eedback
During the practice sessions, ask your partner to listen to your speech. Ask their comments.
Get prepared for the show
Activity
3
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91
Del ivering a Speech
For the preparation prior to the presentation, with your partner make the outline of your speech in the
following “ speech recipe” .
Ingredients: • one
headline • one expandable thesis or plan
• three points to support your thesis or plan • one
conclusion Fill in the blanks in the following order and serve it to
your audience with a feeling of con À dence and an eye
on clarity.
Introduction:
Hook: Preview:
Body: Point One:
1. 2.
Point Two: 1.
2. Point Three:
1. 2.
Conclusion: 1. Summary
2. Final appeal
Ask the audience to make an individual assessment of your friends’ performance.
Group Names of
Students Topic
Voice Clarity
Pronunciation Teamwork
Entire Performance
Activity
4
Activity
5
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92
Developing English Competencies f or Grade XII of Language Programme
After learning the lesson in this chapter, you are expected to be able to: 1. respond to various types of speech;
2. learn how to deliver a speech; 3. practise and deliver a speech;
4. read a speech; 5. identify meanings in speech;
6. prepare a speech; 7. write a speech.
Now, answer the questions:
1. What do you know about speech? 2. What should we do before delivering a speech?
3. What should we consider when delivering a speech? 4. What do we need to become a good public speaker?
If you À nd some difÀ culties, consult your teacher or discuss with your friend.
Learning Re
Á
ect ion
1. Language Functions